chp. 12 a&p lecture spinal cord and spinal nerves

Median nerve

Lateral two-thirds of palm, anterior thumb, index, and middle fingers, dorsal tips of thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers

Perineurium

Layer of connective tissue surrounding a nerve fascicle

Ulnar nerve

Medial one-third of hand, little finger and middle half of ring finger

Radial nerve

Posterior surface of arm, forearm and lateral two-thirds of dorsum of hand

A patient is having difficulty breathing. Name a nerve could be responsible for this difficulty.

phrenic nerve

Major branches of a spinal nerve are called _____.

rami

The tibial and common fibular nerve combine to form the ______ nerve.

sciatic

Dorsal (posterior) roots consist of only ______

sensory fibers

Name the structure that serves as the link between the brain and the PNS.

spinal cord

Name the reflex where muscles contract in response to stretching within the muscle.

stretch reflex

The space related to the meninges that contains cerebrospinal fluid is the _____.

subarachnoid space

The _____ rami of spinal nerves innervate the ribs, the intercostal muscles and the skin of the thorax.

ventral

Motor axons are found in ______

ventral roots

Which matter of the spinal cord contains neuron cell bodies?

gray matter

The central canal of the spinal cord is ______.

a hollow space

The ventral and dorsal rami are branches of _____.

a spinal nerve

Identify the nerve that innervates the deltoid and teres minor and the skin of the shoulder.

auxiliary nerve

The hollow space in the center of the gray commissure of the spinal cord that helps to circulate CSF is called the

central canal

The brain and the spinal cord make up the ____

central nervous system

The spinal cord is divided into 4 segments; they are

cervical thoracic lumbar sarcal

Two areas of the spinal cord are thicker than the rest. These areas give rise to the nerves leading to the limbs. These areas are called the cervical and lumbar ______

commissures

The phrenic nerve innervates the ______.

diaphram

List the functions of the spinal cord. Select all that apply.

-integrates incoming information. -produces responses through reflex mechanisms. -serves as the link between the brain and the PNS

Identify the layers of meninges and the related spaces from most superficial to deepest.

1. epidural space 2. dura mater 3. subdural space 4. arachnoid mater 5. subarachnoid space 6. pia mater

Epineurium

A layer of dense connective tissue surrounding a nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

Anterior portion of arm

What is the pia mater?

Deepest meninx that is attached directly to the surface of the spinal cord

Endoneurium

Delicate layer of connective tissue surrounding a single axon and its Schwann cell sheath

Indicate the correct order of meninges from superficial at the top to deep at the bottom

Dura mater Arachnoid mater Pia mater

List the layers of connective tissue surrounding nervous tissue starting with the most superficial layer and ending with innermost layer surrounding an individual Schwann cell sheath.

Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

What type of reflex prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension on tendons by inhibiting muscle contraction?

Golgi tendon reflex

Axillary nerve

Inferior lateral shoulder

Identify the function of withdrawal reflexes.

Removes a body part from a painful stimulus

Identify the structures innervated by the cervical plexus. Select all that apply.

Skin of the neck Diaphragm Muscles of the hyoid Posterior portion of the head

Explain how spinal nerves are named.

Spinal nerves are named for the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge.