CHP 14 AP BIO
Given the locally unwound double strand in the figure, in which direction does the RNA polymerase move?
3' → 5' along the template strand
A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The charged transfer RNA molecules shown in the figure (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement this mRNA is
3-GGC-5
At which site do new aminoacyl tRNAs enter the ribosome during elongation?
A site
Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?
A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?
Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides
The tRNA anticodon, GAC, is complementary to the mRNA codon with the sequence _____.
CUG
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?
Complementary
In the diagram below, the two blue strands represent ___
DNA
Which of the following mutations would likely be most dangerous to a cell?
Deletion of one nucleotide
Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?
GTTACGCAAUGC
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.
Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?
Messenger RNARibozymes
The average length of a transcription unit along a eukaryotic DNA molecule is about 27,000 nucleotide pairs, whereas an averaged-sized protein is about 400 amino acids long. What is the best explanation for this fact?
Most eukaryotic genes and their RNA transcripts have long noncoding stretches of nucleotides that are not translated.
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
ORGANELLES
The initiator tRNA attaches at the ribosome's _____ site.
P
Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification?
Phosphorylation
In the diagram below, the gray unit represents ____
RNA POLYMERASE
Which of the following molecules is/are produced by translation? Include molecules that are subject to further modification after initial synthesis.
RNA polymeraseAminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Which of the following statements about ribozymes is/are correct?
Ribozymes are RNA molecules that function as enzymes.A ribosome can be regarded as one large ribozyme.In some genes, intron RNA functions as a ribozyme and catalyzes its own excision.
What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?
TRANSCRIPTION
The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3' end projecting beyond its 5' end. What will occur at this 3' end?
The amino acid will bind covalently.
Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation?
The large ribosomal subunit joins the complex.
Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?
The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.
What is meant by translocation?
The ribosome slides one codon down the mRNA
gene transcription
Transcription begins when a molecule of RNA polymerase binds to a promoter. Transcription continues through the gene, producing the RNA. Once RNA polymerase reaches the terminator, the RNA is released, and RNA polymerase falls off the DNA.
the figure represents tRNA that recognizes and binds a particular amino acid (in this instance, phenylalanine). Which codon on the mRNA strand codes for this amino acid?
UUC
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.
a long string of adenine nucleotides
What enzyme catalyzes the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA?
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
Translation occurs in the _____
cytoplasm
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____
exons
True or false. A tRNA with an anticodon complementary to the stop codon catalyzes the reaction by which translation is terminated.
false There are no tRNAs complementary to the three stop codons
What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule in the figure?
hydrogen bonding between base pairs
Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?
mRNA
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
modified guanine nucleotide
A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The charged transfer RNA molecules shown in the figure (with their anticodons shown in the 3' to 5' direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form.
proline-threonine
In the diagram below, the green unit represents _____
promoter -The promoter is the region of DNA at which the process of transcription begins.
Which of the following terms associated with transcription describe regions of nucleic acid?
promotor, gene, terminator
Spliceosomes are composed of
small RNAs and proteins
During transcription in eukaryotes, a type of RNA polymerase called RNA polymerase II moves along the template strand of the DNA in the 3'→5' direction. However, for any given gene, either strand of the double-stranded DNA may function as the template strand.
the base sequence of the gene's promoter
In the transcription event of the DNA in the figure, where would the promoter be located?
to the right of the template strand
