Chp 15 The Special Senses
Order of sound waves passing through ear
(1) auricle (2) external auditory canal (3) tympanic membrane (4) auditory ossicles (5) oval window (6) spiral organ
neuronal pathways of taste sensation in order
(1) taste buds (2) cranial nerves VIII, IX, and X (3) medulla oblongata (4) thalamus (5) parietal lobe
refraction is the ___.
Bending of light
what do taste cells and olfactory cells have in common?
Both are sensory cells, both are replaces continuously
the optic chiasms form as a result of crossing of the ___.
Optic nerves
The chamber of the eye that is between the iris and the lens is the ___ chamber. It is filled with ___ humor.
Posterior, vitreous
which type of papillae contain taste buds?
Vallate, foliate, fungiform
Glaucoma
a condition characterized by an abnormal intraocular pressure.
Tastants
a substance dissolved in saliva that cause the depolarization of taste cells
Lens
a transparent, biconvex structure that focuses light
conjunctivitis
an inflammation of the thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner eyelid and the sclera. Also called pinkeye
cornea
avascular, transparent structure that refracts light as it enter the eye
Vascular tunic
choroid and ciliary body
retina
converts light into action potentials
differentiate endolymphy and perilymph
endolymph has a high concentration of potassium and a low sodium concentration compared to perilymph. Endolymph is within the membranous labyrinth and the perilymph is between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth
static labyrinth
formed by the utricle and the saccule. Evaluates the position of the head relative to gravity and detects linear acceleration and deceleration
different types of papillae
fungiform, filiform, vallate, foliate
structures within the external auditory canal that prevents foreign objects from reaching the tympanic membrane?
hair and cerumen
Vitreous humor
maintains intra-ocular eye pressure, holds lens and retina in place and aids in light refraction
membranous labyrinth
membranous tunnel within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear
Extrinsic eye muscles
moves the eyeball
Tunics of eyeball in order from the innermost layer
nervous, vascular, fibrous
Basal cells
olfactory cells are replaced by the division of ___ in the olfactory epithelium
cone cells
photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision and vision acuity
Lacrimal glands
produces tears that lubricates and washes away foreign objects
functions of the sclera
provides a point of attachment for the extrinsic eye muscles, maintains shape of the eye, protects internal structures
differentiate rods and cones
rods contain the photoreceptive molecule rhodopsin and cons contain the photoreceptive molecule iodopsin
Vestibule, cochlea, semicircular canals
structures that are part of the inner ear
Inner eyelid, sclera
the conjunctiva is a mucous membrane that covers/lines the ___.
Depth of focus
the greatest distance through which an object can be moved and still remain in focus is ___.
Visual
the lacrimal glands, palpebral fissure and conjunctiva are all structures of the ___ system.
Nervous
the retina forms the ___ tunic.
Olfaction
the sense smell
iris
the structure of the eye that determines the amount of light that enters the eye by controlling the size of the pupil
5 major tastants
umami, bitter, sweet, sour, salt