Chp 27 penny questions

27. Which of the following is a true statement about the fetal heart? a. The apex of the heart will be angled to the right of the midline. b. The apex of the heart is the portion closest to the spine. c. The normal fetal heart will fill approximately two third of the fetal chest. d. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.

. The chamber closest to the fetal spine is the left atrium.

28. The fetal heart is fully formed by:

4 weeks

17. Eventration of the diaphragm is best described

A lack of muscle in the dome of the diaphragm

4. The narrowing of the aortic arch is indicative

Coarctation of the aorta

12. The most common cause of cardiac malposition is:

Diaphragmatic hernia

18. The visualization of the fetal stomach within the fetal chest is most indicative of:

Diaphragmatic hernia

25. Blood is shunted into the inferior vena cava from the umbilical vein by what structure?

Ductus venosus

10. The condition in which the heart is located on the outside of the chest wall is termed:

Ectopic cordis

29. A coexisting pericardial effusion and a pleural effusion is consistent with the diagnosis of:

Fetal hydrops

11. The most common form of diaphragmatic hernia is the:

Foramen of Bochdalek

24. What is the normal opening in the lower middle third of the atrial septum?

Foramen ovale

8. All of the following are sonographic features of pentalogy of Cantrell except: a. Omphalocele b. Gastroschisis c. Cleft sternum d. Diaphragmatic defect

Gastroschisis

1. A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent left ventricle is:

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

2. A group of anomalies characterized by a small or absent right ventricle is:

Hypoplastic right heart syndrome

21. Fetal lung maturity can be assessed using the:

Lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio

5. An echogenic intracardiac focus is most often seen within the:

Left ventricle

16. Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following except a. Overriding aortic root b. Ventricular septal defect c.Pulmonary stenosis d. Left ventricular hypertrophy

Left ventricular hypertrophy

3. All of the following are sonographic signs of Ebstein anomaly except: a. Enlarged right atrium b. Fetal hydrops c. Narrowing of the aortic arch d. Malpositioned tricuspid valve

Narrowing of the aortic arch

19. The sonographic "bat wing" sign is indicative of:

Pleural effusion

9. The accumulation of fluid around the lungs is termed:

Pleural effusion

13. A separate mass of nonfunctioning fetal lung tissue is referred to as:

Pulmonary sequestration

7. The most common fetal cardiac tumor is the:

Rhabdomyoma

30. Which of the following best describes transposition of the great vessels? a. The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle b. The aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. c. The aortic arch is narrowed and positioned anterior to the pulmonary vein. d. The presence of an omphalocele and ectopic cordis.

The aorta arises from the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle

26. Which of the following is not a true statement about the normal fetal heart? a. The ventricular septum should be uninterrupted and of equal thickness to the left ventricular wall b. There is a normal opening within the atrial septum. c. Between the right ventricle and right atrium, one should visualize the tricuspid valve. d. The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.

The mitral valve is positioned closer to the cardiac apex than the tricuspid valve.

20. Which statement is true concerning fetal outilow tracts? a. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned posterior to the aorta and should be visualized passing under it. b. The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it. c. The right ventricular outflow tract leads to the aorta. d. The left ventricular outflow tract leads to the pulmonary artery.

The normal pulmonary artery should be positioned anterior to the aorta and should be visualized crossing over it.

22. Fetal rhabdomyomas are associated with which of the following? a. Tracheoesophageal fistulas b. Tuberous sclerosis c. Eventration of the diaphragm d. Tuberculosis

Tracheoesophageal fistulas

14. The most common sonographic appearance of pulmonary sequestration is a/an:

Triangular, echogenic mass within the chest

6. An echogenic intracardiac focus is often seen in cases of:

Trisomy 21

15. The embryonic heart begins as:

Two tubes

23. Which of the following is considered to be the most common cardiac defect? a. Hypoplastic right heart syndrome b. Transposition of the great vessels c. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome d. Ventricular septal defect

Ventricular septal defect