Chpt. 7 Nutrients Involved in Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
True/False Alcohol is considered an essential nutrient
False
True/False Because the body can store water like it does fat, humans can survive for 10 to 15 days without water as long as they have food to eat.
False
Four major minerals found in body fluids are sodium, chloride, _______ and ___________. -selenium, zinc -phosphorus, iron -potassium, phosphorus -potassium, selenium
potassium, phosphorus
Which of the following statements is FALSE? -A cell will shrink when the concentration of electrolytes is greater inside the cell than outside the cell. -Water follows the movement of electrolytes. -Sodium and potassium move across cell membranes by means of special proteins. -Diffusion is the process whereby substances move from a high concentration of solute to an area of low concentration.
A cell will shrink when the concentration of electrolytes is greater inside the cell than outside the cell.
Which statement regarding water balance is true? -A woman on a daily diet of 2500 kcal needs approximately 3000 ml of water. -Food provides such a small amount of water that it need not be accounted for. -An 8-fl oz glass holds about 500 ml. -The body produces about 100 ml of metabolic water per day.
A woman on a daily diet of 2500 kcal needs approximately 3000 ml of water.
Which of the following statements about alcohol is correct? -Alcohol does not need to be digested before it can be absorbed. -Women absorb about one-third more alcohol than men because women have fewer stomach enzymes that break down the alcohol prior to absorption. -On an empty stomach, alcohol can be absorbed through the lining of the stomach. -All of these statements about alcohol are true.
All of these statements about alcohol are true.
True/False The amount of urine the body produces depends only on a person's age.
False
True/False The liver breaks down and metabolizes alcohol at a rate of about 1 ounce per hour.
False. The liver breaks down alcohol at a rate of 1/2 once per hour.
________ is caused by ________ blood sodium concentration. Hypernatremia; abnormally low Hyponatremia; abnormally low Hyponatremia; abnormally high Hyperkalemia; abnormally high
Hyponatremia; abnormally low
Which of the following is a potential benefit of moderate drinking? -Reduced risk of dementia -Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels -Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels -Reduced risk of liver disease
Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
What is one of the long-term health risks of drinking alcohol? -Increased risk of breast cancer -Increased risk of prostate cancer -Increased risk of heart disease -Increased risk of weight loss
Increased risk of breast cancer
Which of the following foods is likely to have the highest amount of sodium? Baked potato (1 medium) Fresh tomato (1 whole) Saltines (4 crackers) Ramen noodle soup, chicken flavor (1 package)
Ramen noodle soup, chicken flavor (1 package)
Traumatic injury can increase fluid loss through _______. -heat-related injuries -shock -disrupted normal fluid processes -blood loss
blood loss
A(n) _____ in blood volume will _____ stimulation of the thirst mechanism. -decrease; increase -decrease; decrease -increase, not change -increase, increase
decrease; increase
Potassium is the major positively charged electrolyte in _________. bile extracellular fluid plasma intracellular fluid
intracellular fluid
Most of our body water is excreted via the _____ as urine. small intestine kidneys colon large intestine
kidneys
The movement of water across a membrane toward a higher concentration of solutes is called _______. -intravascular fluid -osmosis -excretion -hydration
osmosis
After exercising on a hot day you experience symptoms including sweating, thirst, weakness, dizziness, and nausea. This is most likely _____. heat stroke severe dehydration heat cramps minor dehydration
severe dehydration
Reduction in blood volume or blood pressure causes ______. -thirst -perspiration -hyponatremia -heat exhaustion
thirst
John consumed a large margarita that contained 14 grams of carbohydrate and 24 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories did he consume? -152 kilocalories -168 kilocalories -200 kilocalories -224 kilocalories
224 kilocalories
Which beverage is considered "a drink" in terms of alcohol content? 2 ounces vodka A 20-ounce wine cooler A 5-ounce glass of wine Pint of beer
A 5-ounce glass of wine
Consumption of ________ results in fluid loss. antihistamines diuretics breast milk salty foods
Diuretics
True/False Approximately 66% of our body water is found in the extracellular fluid.
False.
Overall risk of death is lowest for people who drink_____ alcoholic drink(s) per day. zero two one three
One
True/False Water carries heat away from the body core to cool the body when needed through the process known as evaporation.
True
The majority of excess water is excreted through __________. the lungs the skin urine output the feces
Urine Output
Which of the following choices most completely describes the functions of water in the body? digestion transporting nutrients protection and lubrication Water is essential for all of these functions.
Water is essential for all of these functions.
Hypernatremia is dangerous because it causes _____. -severe diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting -abnormally low blood sodium levels -abnormally high blood volume, edema, and elevated blood pressure -abnormal heart rhythm
abnormally high blood volume, edema, and elevated blood pressure
If someone experiences symptoms such as craving alcohol and the inability to stop once drinking, they may suffer from ____. tolerance alcohol abuse alcohol dependence alcohol poisoning
alcohol dependence
The metabolic state in which high blood alcohol concentration increases risk of cardiac or respiratory failure is known as ____. -alcoholism -hangover -alcohol abuse -alcohol poisoning
alcohol poisoning
If you suspect a friend is suffering from an alcohol disorder, the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse suggests _____. -intervening immediately after an alcohol-related event -monitoring their intake -always approaching the person in a group or staging an intervention -explain your specific concerns and the consequences of their behavior
explain your specific concerns and the consequences of their behavior
Pregnancy ______ a mother's fluid loss. minimizes interrupts postpones increases
increases
Chloride is important to human health because it _____. -joins with sodium to form table salt -joins with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach -is the major positively charged electrolyte in extracellular fluid -kills bacteria and other germs
joins with hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Once absorbed, alcohol is metabolized in the ____. large intestine liver stomach kidneys
liver
The three primary sources of fluid for our bodies are beverages, foods, and ________. -metabolism -the hypothalamus -blood volume -our gastrointestinal tract
metabolism
Sensible water loss is ________. noticeable by us voluntary dangerous unnoticed by us
noticeable by us
Electrolytes help control fluid balance via ____, the movement of water through a semipermeable membrane based on solute concentration. -depolarization -hydrolysis -active transport -osmosis
osmosis
All of these are important functions of water in our bodies except: -transporting substances. -regulating fluid balance. -maintaining body temperature. -lubricating tissues.
regulating fluid balance.
The phytochemical in red wine that plays a role in limiting cell damage is known as _____. dehydrogenase resveratrol ethanol proof
resveratrol
Alcohol is a known ____, a substance that causes fetal harm. carcinogen teratogen sedative resveratrol
teratogen
True/False Electrolytes control fluid balance in the cells.
true
Most people in the United States consume _____ the daily Adequate Intake (AI) for sodium. -two to four times -five times -Half -one-third
two to four times
An example of sensible fluid loss includes _____. -evaporation from skin at rest -urine -feces -respiration
urine