CHS 200 pt2
Safe sex education reduces the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases. Passing laws to enforce that safe sex education is taught in schools would be considered which level of prevention?
Primordial prevention
Which of the following agents of infectious disease are associated with infectious proteinaceous molecules?
Prions
In which period/stage do signs and symptoms initially appear?
Prodromal period
Conducting a health screening for tuberculosis would be considered which level of prevention?
Secondary prevention
O157 E. coli cause the majority of outbreaks in the US STEC strains contain a virulence factor known as
Shiga toxin
Which of the following best characterizes a human carrier?
Someone who has the flu but is not showing any signs or symptoms
Infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries are attributed to higher total disability-adjusted life years when compared to high-income countries.
TRUE
Smallpox is the only disease that has been eradicated in human populations.
TRUE
The adolescent brain, which is still developing, may be particularly vulnerable to addiction
TRUE
The majority of known human infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases have animal reservoirs.
TRUE
During prolonged exposure to an addictive drug, neurons change so that they become adjusted to the presence of the drug. This is known as:
tolerance
The ability of a microorganism to cause disease is know as
Pathogenicity
The theory that suggests a continual suppression of emotion leads to mental illness is knowns as
Toxic Mind Theory
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the epidemiology of mental illness and addiction?
Women are more likely to report anxiety than men
Tuberculosis is:
an airborne disease
The "friendly" bacteria found in our intestines serves the following purpose
-Helps digest food -Inhibit the colonization by pathogens -Produce vitamin K
Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?
Genetic material composed of nucleic acid
Which of the following is NOT considered a portal of entry?
Genetics
The average human body is colonized with
200 trillion bacteria, comprising at least 1,000 different species
The WHO suggests that mental illnesses are leading causes of DALY worldwide, accounting for what percent of healthy years lost due to noncommunicable diseases?
37%
According to the CDC, what percentage of the U.S. adults report mental health or substance abuse issues this year?
40%
Which of the following best describes modern trends related to antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance has increased
Which of the following agents of infectious disease caused the plague?
Bacteria
How do viruses replicate?
By hijacking a living cell's machinery
In which period/stage do signs and symptoms gradually decline?
Convalescent stage
Which of the following nucleic acids make(s) up viral genomes?
DNA or RNA
HIV predominantly recognizes and attacks this cell type
Helper T cells
Which of the following transmission methods would kissing be considered?
Direct contact transmission
Which of the following transmission methods would scratching be considered?
Direct contact transmission
Which of the following is NOT a reason why noninfectious diseases cause more death to infectious diseases?
Disease eradication
Which of the following would generally occur after the disease is controlled?
Elimination
At which stage can prevention and intervention efforts be relaxed?
Eradication
The permanent reduction of disease cases to zero with no risk of reintroduction is known as
Eradication
After sneezing into your hand, your hand would be considered a fomite
FALSE
Antibiotics are used to treat bacteria and viruses
FALSE
There is an effective and commercially available cure for HIV
False
In which period/stage does the pathogen begin to multiply?
Incubation period
Which of the following transmission methods describes a pathogen on a sandwhich?
Indirect contact transmission
Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain circumstances are know as
Opportunistic bacteria
Latent TB infection suggests that
The infection is contained by the immune system so the patient is asymptomatic and not contagious
How do antiviral drugs help to treat viral infections?
The interfere with viral replication
The presence of S. aureus in the nasal passages of an otherwise healthy person indicates that:
The person's nasal mucosa is colonized with S. aureus
Which of the following characteristics determine a virus's host range?
The proteins on its surface and that of the host
Which of the following statements correctly describes viruses?
They cannot reproduce without a host cell
What effect do addictive agents have on the midbrain reward pathway?
They increase release of dopamine
Quitting smoking by "cold turkey" has a success rate of about 10%. The use of nicotine patches or gum increases the success rate to
about double (20-25%)
Recommendations fro the administration of the the HPV vaccine include?
ages 9 to 26
HPV
has as many as 150 strains, about 50 of which have the potential to form cancerous cells
Schizophrenia involves imbalances in neurotransmitters, notably increases in this neurotransmitter?
dopamine
The incidence rate of TB in the US continues to decrease although strains of TB which and resistant to both first- and second-line drugs exist and are called
extensively drug-resistant strains (XDR-TB)
The COVID-19 vaccines target this component of the the SARS-2 CoV-2 virus
spike protein
According to the World Health Organization, mental health is a:
state of well-being
