CHS 200 pt2

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Safe sex education reduces the risk of transmitting sexually transmitted diseases. Passing laws to enforce that safe sex education is taught in schools would be considered which level of prevention?

Primordial prevention

Which of the following agents of infectious disease are associated with infectious proteinaceous molecules?

Prions

In which period/stage do signs and symptoms initially appear?

Prodromal period

Conducting a health screening for tuberculosis would be considered which level of prevention?

Secondary prevention

O157 E. coli cause the majority of outbreaks in the US STEC strains contain a virulence factor known as

Shiga toxin

Which of the following best characterizes a human carrier?

Someone who has the flu but is not showing any signs or symptoms

Infectious diseases in low- and middle-income countries are attributed to higher total disability-adjusted life years when compared to high-income countries.

TRUE

Smallpox is the only disease that has been eradicated in human populations.

TRUE

The adolescent brain, which is still developing, may be particularly vulnerable to addiction

TRUE

The majority of known human infectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases have animal reservoirs.

TRUE

During prolonged exposure to an addictive drug, neurons change so that they become adjusted to the presence of the drug. This is known as:

tolerance

The ability of a microorganism to cause disease is know as

Pathogenicity

The theory that suggests a continual suppression of emotion leads to mental illness is knowns as

Toxic Mind Theory

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the epidemiology of mental illness and addiction?

Women are more likely to report anxiety than men

Tuberculosis is:

an airborne disease

The "friendly" bacteria found in our intestines serves the following purpose

-Helps digest food -Inhibit the colonization by pathogens -Produce vitamin K

Which of the following characteristics, structures, or processes is common to both bacteria and viruses?

Genetic material composed of nucleic acid

Which of the following is NOT considered a portal of entry?

Genetics

The average human body is colonized with

200 trillion bacteria, comprising at least 1,000 different species

The WHO suggests that mental illnesses are leading causes of DALY worldwide, accounting for what percent of healthy years lost due to noncommunicable diseases?

37%

According to the CDC, what percentage of the U.S. adults report mental health or substance abuse issues this year?

40%

Which of the following best describes modern trends related to antibiotic resistance?

Antibiotic resistance has increased

Which of the following agents of infectious disease caused the plague?

Bacteria

How do viruses replicate?

By hijacking a living cell's machinery

In which period/stage do signs and symptoms gradually decline?

Convalescent stage

Which of the following nucleic acids make(s) up viral genomes?

DNA or RNA

HIV predominantly recognizes and attacks this cell type

Helper T cells

Which of the following transmission methods would kissing be considered?

Direct contact transmission

Which of the following transmission methods would scratching be considered?

Direct contact transmission

Which of the following is NOT a reason why noninfectious diseases cause more death to infectious diseases?

Disease eradication

Which of the following would generally occur after the disease is controlled?

Elimination

At which stage can prevention and intervention efforts be relaxed?

Eradication

The permanent reduction of disease cases to zero with no risk of reintroduction is known as

Eradication

After sneezing into your hand, your hand would be considered a fomite

FALSE

Antibiotics are used to treat bacteria and viruses

FALSE

There is an effective and commercially available cure for HIV

False

In which period/stage does the pathogen begin to multiply?

Incubation period

Which of the following transmission methods describes a pathogen on a sandwhich?

Indirect contact transmission

Normal microbiota that cause disease under certain circumstances are know as

Opportunistic bacteria

Latent TB infection suggests that

The infection is contained by the immune system so the patient is asymptomatic and not contagious

How do antiviral drugs help to treat viral infections?

The interfere with viral replication

The presence of S. aureus in the nasal passages of an otherwise healthy person indicates that:

The person's nasal mucosa is colonized with S. aureus

Which of the following characteristics determine a virus's host range?

The proteins on its surface and that of the host

Which of the following statements correctly describes viruses?

They cannot reproduce without a host cell

What effect do addictive agents have on the midbrain reward pathway?

They increase release of dopamine

Quitting smoking by "cold turkey" has a success rate of about 10%. The use of nicotine patches or gum increases the success rate to

about double (20-25%)

Recommendations fro the administration of the the HPV vaccine include?

ages 9 to 26

HPV

has as many as 150 strains, about 50 of which have the potential to form cancerous cells

Schizophrenia involves imbalances in neurotransmitters, notably increases in this neurotransmitter?

dopamine

The incidence rate of TB in the US continues to decrease although strains of TB which and resistant to both first- and second-line drugs exist and are called

extensively drug-resistant strains (XDR-TB)

The COVID-19 vaccines target this component of the the SARS-2 CoV-2 virus

spike protein

According to the World Health Organization, mental health is a:

state of well-being


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