Circulation

Why is MAP important?

It allows doctors to evaluate how well blood flows through your body and whether it's reaching all your major organs

What is mean arterial pressure?

average pressure in the arteries

short term control of mean arterial pressure.

baroreceptors

What purpose do capillaries serve?

gas, nutrient exchange

long term control of mean arterial pressure.

- Minutes to days - involve adjusting total blood volume: restoring normal salt and water balance through mechanisms that regulate urine output

physical control arteriolar

1) Local application of heat or cold 2) Myogenic response to stretch

What determines mean arterial pressure?

1) Myogenic activity -elastic property of the muscle tissue 2) Baseline sympathetic input

correct order of vessels leaving and then returning to the heart.

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

The internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity through which opening?

Carotid canal

What is the flow dynamics equation?

F=∆P/R

In general, fluid moves into capillaries at their arterial ends and moves out at their venous end

False

The arterial end of the capillary has a negative net filtration pressure.

False

How does blood flow through the body differ at rest compared to during moderate exercise?

Faster blow flow during exercise

intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of arteriolar circumference

Intrinsic - local factors Extrinsic - neuronal or hormonal factors

Inward and outward movement of fluid at each end of the capillary is regulated by

Net filtration pressure

The difference between blood and interstitial fluid pressure is

Net hydrostatic pressure

What parts of the liver are responsible for filtering the blood?

Sinusoids

The majority of the venous blood from the small intestine drains into the

Superior mesenteric vein

Oxygen leaves the blood and carbon dioxide enters the blood in the

Systemic capillary beds

From the confluence of sinuses blood enters the

Transverse sinuses

The difference between blood and interstitial colloid osmotic pressures is the oncotic pressure.

True

What is capillary bulk flow

a process used by small lipid-insoluble proteins to cross the capillary wall

The aortic arch gives off branches that supply all of the following areas of the body, except the

abdomen

blood from the left ventricle travels to the

body

Baroreceptors are located in the aorta and

carotid arteries

What is the function of arteries?

carry blood away from the heart

The hepatic veins are formed by

central veins

Blood in the dural venous sinuses is

deoxygenated

What is pulse pressure?

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

interstitial hydrostatic pressure

facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.

false

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.

false

The hepatic portal system is a series of veins that transports blood directly to the left atrium of the heart.

false

The lower limbs receive blood from branches of the ascending aorta.

false

Chemical control arteriolar

hormone, histamine

The major blood supply to the cerebrum is from the

internal carotid arteries

And blood coming from the lungs enters

left atrium

Pulmonary veins enter

left atrium

interstitial oncotic pressure

osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space

What are the functions of arterioles?

primary resistance vessels, determine distribution of cardiac output

capillary oncotic pressure

pulls water from the interstitial space into the capillary

What purpose can capillary bulk flow serve?

rate of bulk flow, with continuous capillaries limiting flow and discontinuous capillaries facilitating the greatest amount of flow

blood returning from the body enters

right atrium

How is arteriolar diameter controlled?

smooth muscles relaxing/constricting

What are the Korotkoff Sounds?

sounds heard when taking blood pressure

Which of the following organs is not drained by the splenic vein?

stomach

systolic vs diastolic pressure

systolic: the greatest force exerted against the walls of the arteries by blood pumped from the heart during contraction diastolic: the least force exerted against the walls of the arteries by blood when the heart relaxes

What aspects of artery structure support its function?

thicker walls, smaller lumens

Blood travels from the right ventricle

to lungs

An end-to-end communication between vessels is known as an anastomosis

true

The pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.

true

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via

vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along

vagus nerve