Circulation
Why is MAP important?
It allows doctors to evaluate how well blood flows through your body and whether it's reaching all your major organs
What is mean arterial pressure?
average pressure in the arteries
short term control of mean arterial pressure.
baroreceptors
What purpose do capillaries serve?
gas, nutrient exchange
long term control of mean arterial pressure.
- Minutes to days - involve adjusting total blood volume: restoring normal salt and water balance through mechanisms that regulate urine output
physical control arteriolar
1) Local application of heat or cold 2) Myogenic response to stretch
What determines mean arterial pressure?
1) Myogenic activity -elastic property of the muscle tissue 2) Baseline sympathetic input
correct order of vessels leaving and then returning to the heart.
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
The internal carotid arteries enter the cranial cavity through which opening?
Carotid canal
What is the flow dynamics equation?
F=∆P/R
In general, fluid moves into capillaries at their arterial ends and moves out at their venous end
False
The arterial end of the capillary has a negative net filtration pressure.
False
How does blood flow through the body differ at rest compared to during moderate exercise?
Faster blow flow during exercise
intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of arteriolar circumference
Intrinsic - local factors Extrinsic - neuronal or hormonal factors
Inward and outward movement of fluid at each end of the capillary is regulated by
Net filtration pressure
The difference between blood and interstitial fluid pressure is
Net hydrostatic pressure
What parts of the liver are responsible for filtering the blood?
Sinusoids
The majority of the venous blood from the small intestine drains into the
Superior mesenteric vein
Oxygen leaves the blood and carbon dioxide enters the blood in the
Systemic capillary beds
From the confluence of sinuses blood enters the
Transverse sinuses
The difference between blood and interstitial colloid osmotic pressures is the oncotic pressure.
True
What is capillary bulk flow
a process used by small lipid-insoluble proteins to cross the capillary wall
The aortic arch gives off branches that supply all of the following areas of the body, except the
abdomen
blood from the left ventricle travels to the
body
Baroreceptors are located in the aorta and
carotid arteries
What is the function of arteries?
carry blood away from the heart
The hepatic veins are formed by
central veins
Blood in the dural venous sinuses is
deoxygenated
What is pulse pressure?
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
interstitial hydrostatic pressure
facilitates the inward movement of water from the interstitial space into the capillary
Heart rate and stroke volume decrease under decreased parasympathetic stimulation.
false
Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.
false
The hepatic portal system is a series of veins that transports blood directly to the left atrium of the heart.
false
The lower limbs receive blood from branches of the ascending aorta.
false
Chemical control arteriolar
hormone, histamine
The major blood supply to the cerebrum is from the
internal carotid arteries
And blood coming from the lungs enters
left atrium
Pulmonary veins enter
left atrium
interstitial oncotic pressure
osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the interstitial space
What are the functions of arterioles?
primary resistance vessels, determine distribution of cardiac output
capillary oncotic pressure
pulls water from the interstitial space into the capillary
What purpose can capillary bulk flow serve?
rate of bulk flow, with continuous capillaries limiting flow and discontinuous capillaries facilitating the greatest amount of flow
blood returning from the body enters
right atrium
How is arteriolar diameter controlled?
smooth muscles relaxing/constricting
What are the Korotkoff Sounds?
sounds heard when taking blood pressure
Which of the following organs is not drained by the splenic vein?
stomach
systolic vs diastolic pressure
systolic: the greatest force exerted against the walls of the arteries by blood pumped from the heart during contraction diastolic: the least force exerted against the walls of the arteries by blood when the heart relaxes
What aspects of artery structure support its function?
thicker walls, smaller lumens
Blood travels from the right ventricle
to lungs
An end-to-end communication between vessels is known as an anastomosis
true
The pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood.
true
Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via
vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves
The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along
vagus nerve