Circulation Test Review
Electrical impulses in the heart are relayed to the ventricles by the _____________________.
A.V node
The ________________ valve prevents blood from going from the left ventricle to the left atrium.
Bicuspid
________________________ are the blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins.
Capillaries
Breathing is regulated mainly by response to the level of __________________ detected in the blood.
Carbon dioxide
Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to both oxygen and ___________________.
Carbon dioxide
The _________________ system transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, food molecules, hormones, and other material to and from the cells of the body.
Circulatory
When you swallow, the ________________ prevents food from entering your trachea.
Epiglottis
Red blood cells are called ____________________.
Erythrocytes
When the diaphragm and the rib muscles contract, enlarging the chest cavity, _________________.
Expiration
____________________ respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood, while ___________________ respitation is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body.
External; internal
The condition that results when blood pressure is consistently higher than normal is called high blood pressure or _____________________.
Hypertension
Excess fluid in the body's tissues is returned to the blood by a system of vessels called the ______________________ system.
Lymphatic
The primary role of hemoglobin in the blood is to carry ___________________.
Oxygen
The major function of ______________________ is to assist in the blood clotting process.
Platelets
Antigens determining blood type are carried on the surface of ___________________.
Red blood cells
The flow of blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs is called _________________ circulation.
Systemic
The ________________ is a long, straight tube that carries air from the back of the throat to the lungs.
Trachea
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the ____________________.
Tricuspid valve
Systolic pressure is caused by contraction of the heart's ____________________.
Ventricles
Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by other foreign substances is the function of ____________ blood cells.
White
A person with antigen A on their blood cells can give blood to someone with blood type(s) a. A and AB b. B and AB c. only AB d. only O
a. A and AB
If a blood vessel has valves, it is probably a. a vein b. an artery c. a venule d. part of the lymphatic system
a. a vein
Which of the following occurs as air rushes into the lungs from the environment to equalize air pressure? a. inspiration b. contraction c. expiration d. none of the above
a. inspiration
Refer to the illustrations above. Blood in chamber 1 a. is full of oxygen b. is going toward the lungs c. has a low concentration of oxygen d. has very little plasma
a. is full of oxygen
Infections generally result in an increase in the number of a. leukocytes b. erythrocytes c. platelets d. alveoli
a. leukocytes
Gas exchange occurs when a. oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in the capillaries b. oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the red blood cells c. the red blood cells give up oxygen to the cells of the body tissues d. all of the above
a. oxygen in the alveoli diffuses into the blood in the capillaries
Refer to the illustration above. The vessels labeled "2" carry deoxygenated blood. The vessels are a. the pulmonary arteries b. the pulmonary veins c. parts of the aorta d. parts of the atria
a. the pulmonary arteries
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 4 is a. the right atrium b. the left atrium c. the right ventricle d. the left ventricle
a. the right atrium
Red blood cells a. transport respiratory gases b. combat bacterial infection c. destroy viruses d. transport cholesterol
a. transport respiratory gases
An artery a. usually carries oxygen-rich blood b. has thin, slightly elastic walls c. has valves that prevent blood from flowing backward d. all of the above
a. usually carries oxygen-rich blood
Refer to the illustration above. The aorta is structure a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6
b. 3
Which type of blood vessel is both strong and elastic? a. capillary b. artery c. vein d. venule
b. artery
The pressure exerted on the inner walls of the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats is the __________ pressure a. systolic b. diastolic c. barometric d. residual
b. diastolic
During swallowing, the air passageway of the pharynx is covered by the a. larynx b. epiglottis c. trachea d. bronchi
b. epiglottis
The heart chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae is the a. left atrium b. right atrium c. left ventricle d. right ventricle
b. right atrium
The force exerted against the arterial walls when the heart contracts is called a. hypertension b. systolic pressure c. diastolic pressure d. arterial relaxation
b. systolic pressure
The ventricles are a. the upper chambers of the heart b. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body c. the chamber of the heart that recieve blood from the lungs and the rest of the body d. lower chambers of the heart that contract separately
b. the chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
Normal blood pressure in millimeters of mercury is a. 145/95 for males and 135/85 for females b. 130/100 for both males and females c. 120/80 for males and 110/70 for females d. 100/50 for males and 120/70 for females
c. 120/80 for males and 110/70 for females
Atherosclerosis is characterized by a. increased circulation to the heart b. larger muscles c. a narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty materials d. a widening of inner walls of blood vessels as a result of a heart attack
c. a narrowing of the inner walls of coronary arteries due to buildup of fatty materials
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called a. veins b. capillaries c. arteries d. venules
c. arteries
The breathing center in the brain is most sensitive to the a. concentration of oxygen b. concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs c. concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood d. amount of oxygen in the cells
c. concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood
The dome-shaped muscle below the chest cavity is called the a. soleus b. biceps c. diaphragm d. popliteus
c. diaphragm
When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles relax a. the chest cavity enlarges b. inspiration occurs c. expiration occurs d. it is impossible to breathe
c. expiration occurs
The iron-containing molecule in red blood cells is called a. plasma b. ferric oxide c. hemoglobin d. carbonic acid
c. hemoglobin
Blood entering the right atrium a. is full of oxygen b. is returning from the lungs c. is deoxygenated d. is low in plasma and platelets
c. is deoxygenated
Each alveolus a. contains many air sacs b. attaches directly to the larynx c. is surrounded by capillaries d. is a large air sac
c. is surrounded by capillaries
Oxygenated blood from the lungs is received by the a. left ventricle b. right atrium c. left atrium d. right ventricle
c. left atrium
Refer to the illustration above. These cells are a. filled with plasma b. platelets c. red blood cells d. white blood cells
c. red blood cells
Refer to the illustration above. The structure labeled "X" is the a. epiglottis b. pharynx c. trachea d. larynx
c. trachea
An artery has a much thicker muscle layer than a. a vein b. a capillary c. a venule d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The actual exchange of gases occurs at the site of the a. trachea b. nasal passageway c. larynx d. alveoli
d. alveoli
An abnormality involving the platelets would probably affect the process of a. breathing b. locomotion c. fighting bacterial infections d. blood clotting
d. blood clotting
Alveoli in the lungs are connected to the bronchi by a network of tiny tubes called a. arterioles b. venules c. capillaries d. bronchioles
d. bronchioles
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in all of the following ways except a. dissolved in plasma b. combined with hemoglobin c. as bicarbonate ions d. by white blood cells
d. by white blood cells
The smallest and most numerous blood vessels in the body are the a. venules b. veins c. arteries d. capillaries
d. capillaries
Refer to the illustration above. These cells a. can live for at least a year b. are the largest cells in the circulatory system c. promote clotting d. contain hemoglobin
d. contain hemoglobin
Mature red blood cells a. can live for about a year b. are the largest cells in the blood c. promote clotting d. do not have a nucleus
d. do not have a nucleus
Which of the following is not involved in the formation of blood clots? a. platelet congregation at the site of rupture of a blood vessel b. release of clotting factors from platelets c. production of fibrin, a protein d. formation of fibrin-red blood cell complexes that circulate in the blood and are too large to move through ruptured blood-vessel walls
d. formation of fibrin-red blood cell complexes that circulate in the blood and are too large to move through ruptured blood-vessel walls
Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the a. stomach b. liver c. intestines d. lungs
d. lungs
Defending the body against bacterial infection and invasion by foreign substances is a function of a. red blood cells b. plasma c. platelets d. white blood cells
d. white blood cells