Cis 366 final

Six Sigma's target for perfection is the achievement of no more than _____ defects, errors, or mistakes per million opportunities.

3.4

Oral or written acts or omissions by someone with actual or apparent authority that can be construed to have the same effect as a written change order are known as a __________________________________.

Constructive change order

A company is considering whether to purchase or lease a piece of equipment for an upcoming project. The cost to purchase is $10,000 plus $100 per day to operate or $500 per day to lease (including operating costs). If the company anticipates using the equipment for a total of 20 days, they will be indifferent as to whether or lease or purchase it.

False

A responsibility assignment matrix (RAM) is a matrix that maps the work of the project as described in the OBS to the people responsible for performing the work as described in the WBS.

False

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors such as larger salaries, more supervision, or a more attractive work environment would motivate workers to do more if present.

False

Extrinsic motivation causes people to participate in an activity for their own enjoyment.

False

If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work costs more than planned.

False

If the cost performance index (CPI) is less than 100 percent, the project is under budget.

False

In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, it indicates that costs are less than planned.

False

Project managers must try to avoid conflict at all costs as all conflict within groups is bad.

False

The objective of a cost of quality process is to capture the total value of poor quality in the organization and provide a vehicle that justifies the elimination of poor quality

False

Which is true of earned value?

It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

Which chart helps users identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system?

Pareto

According to Michael Porter, businesses operate using two types of activities in creation of value for customers. These are known as activities, and activities.

Primary Support

A(n) _____ is a document used to solicit proposals from prospective suppliers.

RFP

A document used to solicit quotes or bids from prospective suppliers is known as a(n) _____.

RFQ

Contingency plans are predefined actions that the project team will take if an identified risk event occurs.

True

Make-or-buy analysis involves comparing the internal costs of providing a product with the cost of outsourcing.

True

One of the reasons why project cost estimates are inaccurate is because human beings are biased toward underestimation.

True

Resource leveling results in fewer problems for project personnel and accounting departments.

True

The Delphi technique is a systematic, interactive forecasting procedure based on independent and anonymous input regarding future events.

True

The Monte Carlo analysis can predict the probability of finishing by a certain date or the probability that the cost will be equal to or less than a certain value.

True

Which type of estimate uses the actual cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating the cost of the current project?

analogous estimates

Which term is used when the project's processes and products meet written specifications?

conformance to requirements

Which graphic display of data illustrates the results of a process over time?

control chart

The _____ ultimately decides if quality is acceptable.

customer

Which diagramming technique is used to help select the best course of action in situations in which future outcomes are uncertain?

decision tree

Which technique helps identify variables that have the most influence on the overall outcome of a process?

design of experiments

What is the purpose of a cost performance index (CPI)?

estimate the projected cost of completing the project

_____ causes people to do something for a reward or to avoid a penalty.

extrinsic motivation

Which term is used for the ability of a product to be used as it was intended?

fitness for use

Most organizations are not in business to provide information technology services, yet many have spent valuable time and resources on information technology functions when they should have instead worked on important competencies such as marketing, customer service, and new product design. Outsourcing helps tackle this problem. Which benefit does outsourcing primarily provide in such a scenario?

helps focus on an organization's core business

Which type of intelligence involves the capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others?

interpersonal

What is one drawback of outsourcing?

it can make an organization become overly dependent on particular suppliers.

_____ theory states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced.

learning curve

Resource _____ aims to minimize period-by-period variations in resource loading by shifting tasks within their slack allowances.

leveling

What term is used for a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical regarding the average value of the population (the data being analyzed)?

normal distribution

Which type of estimating uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs?

parametric

The _____ lists the relative probability of a risk occurring and the relative impact of the risk occurring.

probability/impact matrix

Outsourcing to provide extra workers during periods of peak workloads can be much more economical than trying to fill entire projects with internal resources. Which advantages does this characteristic of outsourcing provide organizations?

provides flexibility

Outsourcing suppliers can often provide economies of scale, especially for hardware and software, that may not be available to the client alone. Which benefit does this offer an organization?

reduction in costs

Which technique is used for resolving resource conflicts by delaying tasks?

resource leveling

Which term refers to the amount of individual resources an existing schedule requires during specific time periods?

resource loading

_____ involves accepting the consequences should a risk occur.

risk acceptance

Which action involves eliminating a specific threat, usually by eliminating its causes?

risk avoidance

Which action involves shifting the consequence of a risk and responsibility for its management to a third party?

risk transference

_____ is the amount of satisfaction or pleasure received from a potential payoff.

risk utility

Those who are _____ have a higher tolerance for risk, and their satisfaction increases when more payoff is at stake.

risk-seeking

Which is a measure of quality control equal to one fault in one million opportunities problems?

six 9s of quality rule

Which process involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection?

statistical sampling