Classical Myth Exam # 2

Aphrodite and the woman of Lemnos

"Curse of the Lemnian Woman" Lemnian woman = the woman of the island of Lemnos. They were infused with a terrible stench by Aphrodite as punishment for scorning her worship. They were abandoned by their husbands, and Aphrodite drove them to murder their men.

Omphalos

"Navel" of the world, basically central point of the earth, as marked by the Stone of Cronus. Located in Delphi., Religious stone artefact, belly button of the world, located in the adyton of the Temple of Apollo near the Pythia games, The Greek word for navel, and associated with Delphi, which was considered the center or navel of the world

Daphne

(Greek mythology) a nymph who was transformed into a laurel tree to escape the amorous Apollo, Apollo's first love, he pursued her and her father turned her into a laurel tree to get away from Apollo., (Is a laurel tree and a sacred tree. It became a sacred tree through its connection to the god Apollo. Apollo fell in love with a nymph who was the daughter of a river god. She didn't want Apollo so she asked her father to not let him get her. Apollo was in pursuit of her and just before he was able to get her, her father answered her and changed her into a laurel tree. Apollo cherished the tree since he couldn't have her as a woman.)

Pytho

(Greek mythology) dragon killed by Apollo at Delphi, Rotten dead snake killed by Apollo (It comes from the Greek word Puthen "to rot". It has an association with Apollo and it derives from a mythical story of Apollo. Apollo is frequently called Pythian Apollo. The priestess in Delphi who gave oracles is named Pythia. There are the Pythian Games at Delphi.), enemy of apollo because he was slayed by him and then apollo made his home and oracle his home and oracle

Dionysus

(Greek mythology) god of wine and fertility and drama, As the god of wine, I am the youngest of the Olympians and the only one of the great gods whose mother is mortal., Ancient Greek god of wine, ecstasy, and emotional freedom, he was the son of Zeus and a mortal woman, Semele. He was the god of fertility and wine, later considered a patron of the arts. He invented wine and spread the art of tending grapes. He has a dual nature. On the one hand bringing joy and divine ecstasy. On the other brutal, unthinking, rage. Thus, reflecting both sides of wines nature. If he choses Dionysus can drive a man mad. No normal fetters can hold him or his followers.

Sibyl

(ancient Rome) a woman who was regarded as an oracle or prophet, A witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy., Generic term for prophetess. Most famous - Sibyls at Cumae. Sibylline books - collection of prophecies, used to write on leaves but they would blow away. Apollo loved her, gave her everlasting life but didn't give her everlasting youth, becomes old, wants to die.

Bacchus

(classical mythology) god of wine, Allusion Roman mythology, god of wine, sexual and criminal debaucher

Apollo and Hyacinthus

-Apollo was very fond of Hyacinthus. One day they were playing quoits together. Apollo threw the disk and it hit Hyacinthus in the forehead. Zephyrus blew it off course, to strike Hyacinthus since he was jealous of his preference for Apollo. Hyacinthus then dies.

Birth of Dionysus

-God of wine, vegetation, pleasure, and festivity. Born from the thigh of Zues because his mom Semele was tricked into asking Zues to see him in his true form by Hera. Semele was a human. Herme's took Dionysos from Semele's womb.

Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo

-Relating to Delphi, the temple of Apollo at Delphi, or its oracle. Or relating to the Pythian games. Apollo at the oracle of Delphi. Apollo is searching around for a place to put his oracle. He went to Mt Telphusa, Crisa. Meanwhile Hera is mad at Zeus, and says she will give birth by herself to an immortal more powerful than Zeus. Hera gave birth to Tyophaon who was a plague to the mortals. He is called Pythian Apollo because the spot the power piercing Helios made the monster rot away. They prayed to him by the name Telphusian Apollo because he humbled the stream of holy Telphusa. Apollo claimed that Gaia and Hyperion would make the she-dragon rot away. He disguised himself as a dolphin when he saw a ship of cretans because he wanted them to make sacrifices to him. He jumped on the ship, that eventually ended up in Crisa. He told them that they should guard his temple, and that he would make them honored. Pray to him as Apollo Delphinius, they went to Mt. Parnassus where his temple was.

Euripides Bacchae

-Semele is pregannt by Zues, and noone believes her. Hera is Jealous, and convinced semele to ask zues to see him in his true form, so she dies. Hermes saves the baby from the womb, and plants it in the thigh of zues to hide is from Hera. Dionysus is born, and tries to prove at Thebes that Semele was not lying. Pentheus doesn't believe Dionysus is a God, and locks him up. Dionysus is angered, and is turns Pentheus into a bull, and is attacked by Becchants(his family)

Panolepsia

?

Lemnos

A large island in the northern Aegean Sea mid-way between the Greek mainland and Asia Minor and almost due west of the location of ancient Troy. LEMNIAN WOMEN, THE The Women of the Island of Lemnos (in the Greek Aegean) who were infused with a terrible stench by Aphrodite as punishment for scorning her worship. When they were abandoned by their husbands for Thrakian brides, Aphrodite drove them to murder their menfolk., Island with no men. The women didnt worship Aphrodite so she cursed them to smell.

Cassandra

A person who predicts misfortune or disaster., (n) one who prophesies doom or disaster; pessimist (from Cassandra, given the power of prophecy by Apollo. When she spurned his love, he could not take back his gift, but he stipulated that no one would ever believe her.), Cassandra was given the gift of prophecy from Apollo, but was cursed with not having anybody listen to her because she didn't return Apollo's love. The word Cassandra is usually applied to those who foretell disaster.

Cestus/Kestos

A woman's belt or girdle, especially as worn in ancient Greece.ecorated to cause amorousness In classical mythology, the girdle of Aphrodite, which could awaken love in whoever beheld it., the girdle of Venus, decorated with every object that could arouse amorous desire; an ancient battle glove consisting of leather straps and metal studs, the ancient greek equivalent of brass knuckles

Artemis

ARTEMIS was the great Olympian goddess of hunting, wilderness and wild animals. She was also a goddess of childbirth, and the protectress of the girl child up to the age of marriage. Her twin brother Apollon was similarly the protector of the boy child. Together the two gods were also bringers of sudden death and disease--Artemis targetted women and girls, and Apollon men and boys. In ancient art Artemis was usually depicted as a girl dressed in a short knee-length chiton and equipped with a hunting bow and quiver of arrows. Some of the best known myths featuring the goddess include:-- Her birth, immediately following which she assisted her mother in the birth of her twin brother Apollon; The Trojan War where she was beaten by Hera in an angry contest of the gods; The hunter Aktaion who encountered the goddess whilst she was bathing and was turned into a stag; The Aloadai giants who attempted to storm Olympos but were tricked by Artemis into killing each other; The sacrifice of Iphigeneia whom King Agamemnon offered to her for the passage of the Greek fleet to Troy; The giant Orion, a close companion of the goddess, who was slain by the goddess or her jealous brother; The Kalydonian boar sent by Artemis to ravage Kaldyon; The nymph Kallisto, a companion of Artemis, who was seduced by Zeus in the guise of the goddess.

Artemis and Actaeon

Actaeon sees Artemis taking a bath one day. She turns him into a stag from being angry. His own hunting dogs then eat him.

Delphi

An ancient city in central Greece, in Phocis: site of an oracle of Apollo, ..., an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus, Ancient Greek town and site of temple of Apollo., A city in Central Greece where Greeks traveled to speak to the oracle and get advice., A city in central Greece where many Greeks travelled to for advice and answers.

Aphrodite and Anchises

Anchises= Son of Capys and Themiste, he is a mortal. He is a lover of Aphrodite. She pretended to be a Phrygian Princess and seduced him for 2 weeks. They eventually have a kid named Aeneas, this is how he finds ouy that she is a goddess. He boasted it, and was struck by the thunderbolt of Zues. Mentioned in the Homeric Hymn of Aphrodite

Homeric Hymn to aphrodite

Aphrodite has a love with the mortal man Anchises. She can deceive everyone except athena. Zeus puts the heart of Anchises into the heart of Aphrodite, meaning she would love him. She went home, and put on perfume, and dressed nicely. Aphrodite approached Anchises in mortal form. He is fond of her, and proposes marriage. Aphrodite gave him a list of things to do before they did anything, he thought she was mortal. He wakes up and freaks out she is a God. She said they would have a son named Aineas. Eos made Tithonos immortal, but forgot to ask for eternal youth for him, and lived in shame. Silenia there shild would live with nymphs. Tithonos was said to never say she was the mother, but rather a nymph.

Cytherea

Aphrodite is also known as Cytherea (Lady of Cythera) and Cypris (Lady of Cyprus) after the two cult sites, Cythera and Cyprus, which claimed to be her place of birth. Myrtle, doves, sparrows, horses, and swans were said to be sacred to her. The ancient Greeks identified her with the Ancient Egyptian goddess Hathor.[5], another name for Aphrodite. Cythera is a rumored birthplace of the goddess--ergo, the name connection., The term used to refer to things from or related to the planet Venus. Chosen for the name of the island where Venus/Aphrodite was said to have emerged from a sea shell., alternate name for the goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology, EX. identified with Roman Venus

Aphrodite and Ares

Aphrodite= the olympian goddess of pleasure, joy, love and procreation. She is married to Hephaistos. Ares= the god of war, battlelust and manliness. Affair= they had an affair that lasted most of Aphrodite's marriage. They had 4 sons, and a daughter. [Eros, Anteros, Deimos, Phobos, and Harmonia]

Apollo and Daphne

Apollo is struck by Eros's arrow, and goes crazy over the nymph Daphne. Apollo kills Pytho, and he teases Eros saying he is better with the bow than he is. Daohne finds the idea of love totally gross. She tells her father Peneus that she wants to be like Artemis. Daphne is turned into a Laurel tree, this becomes Apollo's sacred tree. Apollo will wear a crown of Laurel on his head, and decorate his bow/lyre with laurel leaves. The tree will never rot.

Hyacinthus

Apollo threw a discus that passed the goal and killed him; flower sprung up where he had bled, Apollos companion. Struck in the head with a discus. He resembles a purple flower., Beautiful youth accidentally killed by Apollo, who caused flower to spring up from his blood., In the literary myth, Hyacinth was a beautiful boy and lover of the god Apollo, though he was also admired by West Wind, Zephyr. Apollo and Hyacinth took turns throwing the discus. Hyacinth ran to catch it to impress Apollo, was struck by the discus as it fell to the ground, and died. A twist in the tale makes the wind god Zephyrus responsible for the death of Hyacinth. His beauty caused a feud between Zephyrus and Apollo. Jealous that Hyacinth preferred the radiant archery god Apollo, Zephyrus blew Apollo's discus off course, so as to injure and kill Hyacinth. When he died, Apollo didn't allow Hades to claim the boy; rather, he made a flower, the hyacinth, from his spilled blood. According to Ovid's account, the tears of Apollo stained the newly formed flower's petals with the sign of his grief. The flower of the mythological Hyacinth has been identified with a number of plants other than the true hyacinth, such as the iris. According to a local Spartan version of the myth, Hyacinth and his sister Polyboea were taken to heaven by Aphrodite, Athena and Artemis.

Homeric Hymn to Apollo

Apollo's parents are Leto and Zues. Apollo plays the Kithera, and is known as being the far-shooter. He traveled all over. Started at Pitheria. He seeks somewhere to build his great temple. He tries to convince that it will bring much sacrifices. He goes to Crisa, and kills the she-dragon . He goes to Telphusa, and the delphic oracle would go here. Apollo meets Cassandra in Thebes, and gives her the gift of prophecy for a kiss. She can see he is associated with the trojan war, but noone believes her. Eros shoots Apollo with an arrow and he falls in love with Daphne. Daphne was a maiden and cried to her dad Peneus to help her, and he turns her into a Laurel tree, they never decay. Apollo and Hyacinthus are fond of one another, and are playing with a disk one day, and apollo throws it off course, and Hyacinthus is hit in the head by it, and died. Zephyrus, was jealous, and is said to be the one to throw it off course. The hyacinth is a flower made from the blood. Apollo has a son named Asclepius. They are both healers. Asclepius has a staff snake-like, and is raised by a Centaur Chiron(body of horse). Zues kills Asclepius for bringing Hippolytus from the dead, Zues made his body into a constellation. Apollo killed the cyclops that created the thunderbolt. There was a sibyl at Cumae that presided over the aracle at Cumae. It was a guide to the underworld, and was put in a cave.

Apollo

Apollo, god of sun, light, poetry, music- gold bow and arrow, pride in himself- twin, Apollo)- Greek god of prophecy, music, intellectual pursuits, healing, plague, and sometimes, the sun—symbolized by a lyre, a bow, the laurel, the sun, ; son of Zeus & Leto, brother of Artemis; young, beautiful & beardless, holding a lyre, long hair often tied back, "the ideal young man"; god of liberal arts, leader of muses, "healer god"; represents intelligence & military strategy

Callimachus, Hymn to Artemis

Artemis is the Daughter of Zeus and Leto. Apollo is her twin. She asks for the gifts of virginity, maiden. She will punish anyone who tries to have sex with her. She get's arrows/bows, and is the goddess of the hunt. She wants to be called the Bringer of lights(association with the moon) She gets nymphs to be her maiden attendants. She plans to live in the mountains/ wilderness. Zeus says she will be a patron of some cities. Her companions are Britomartis, Cyrene, and Atalanta. Artemis and her brother apollo kill all of Niobe's 14 children since Niobe made fun of Leto for only having 2. Artemis turns Actaeon into a stag for seeing her showering one day(eaten by a pack of wolves). She transformed Callisto in a bear constellation with her child. (She was seduced by Zeus) Arethusa wanted to be like Artemis, but Alpheus fell for her, so she asked for her father to help her, so she was turned into a spring, Alpheus mingled with the waters. Diana is Artemis's roman equivalent. Diana is associated with the mood, and

Artemis gets her attributes

Artemis= goddess of hunting, wild animals children and birth, she is a maiden. She gets a bow and a quiver. The cypress-tree, deer, bear and guinea- fowl is associated with her. Callimach Hymn to Artemis. She is the daughter of Zues and Leto. Twin of Apollo. Apollo sends a scorpion to kiss orion, her hunting partner/ lover to keep her virginity.

Aphrodite and Atalanta

Atalanta was born and her exact birth is unknown because she was left in the wild(her father wanted a son) She was picked up by a she-bear, and was raised to be a great hunter, and maiden. She said she would marry a man who could beat her in a foot race. Aphrodite gave Hippomenes 3 golden apples to stare at, so he could beat Atalanta. He threw the apples during the race, so Atalanta would get distracted, and he won the race. Aphrodite was pissed Hippomenes did not thank him, so she went to the temple of Zeus, and she struck them, and Zues turned them into lions.

Apollo Delphinius

Boat of Cretans passing, Apollo transformed into a dolphin, went on their ship, brought them back to Crisa, where he revealed himself and made them worship and pray., In this story he turns into this animal and beaches himself revealing his god like form to them orders the men to sacrifice to him as Apollo Delphinius while playing a Lyre, Apollo leapt aboard a ship as a dolphin and steered the crew to Crisa, where he revealed himself to be a god and told them to worship him as Delphinius Apollo. They follow him to his sanctuary (Delphi) Delphinius means dolphin

Artemis and Britomartis

Britomartis= virgin goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling, and the hunting of small game. She hunted on the island of Krete. Minos tried to seduce her, and she jumped into the ocean to be saved and taken to Aigina. Identified with Artemis, a lot. She was beloved by Artemis. Artemis saved her, and made her a godess from a nymph (Callimachos hymn to Artemis)

Artemis and Callisto

Callisto is apart of Artemis's virgin clan, and Zues gets her pregnant. Artemis kicks Callisto out of the group. She is turned into a bear, and her baby is a baby bear Constellation.

Apollo and Cassandra

Cassandra was a beautiful young priestess with great ambition. Cassandra thought Apollo was beautiful and powerful, and Apollo goes to visit Troy, to see his temple. He offered her a gift of Prophecy in exchange for a kiss. She saw Apollo helping to destroy Troy. She could see into the future, but noone believed her. Trojan Horse (Noone believed her)

Demeter

Demeter Demeter is the goddess of corn, grain, and the harvest. She is the daughter of Cronus and Rhea. It is Demeter that makes the crops grow each year. The first loaf of bread from the harvest is sacrificed to her. Demeter is the goddess of the earth, of agriculture, and of fertility in general. Sacred to her are livestock and agricultural products, poppy, narcissus and the crane. Demeter is intimately associated with the seasons. Her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades to be his wife in the underworld. In her anger at her daughter's loss Demeter laid a curse on the world that caused plants to wither and die, the land become desolate. Zeus became alarmed and sought Persephone's return. However, because she had eaten while in the underworld Hades had a claim on her. Therefore, it was decreed that Persephone would spend four months each year in the underworld. During these months Demeter greves her daughters absence, and withdraws her gifts from the world, creating winter. Her return brought the spring. Demeter is also known for founding the Eleusinian Mysteries. These were huge festivals held every five years. They were important events for many centuries. Yet, little is known of them as those attending were sworn to secrecy. The central tenet seems to have been that just as grain returns every spring after its harvest and wintery death, so too the human soul could be reborn after the death of the body.

Ceres

Demeter, GOD OF GRAIN (GREEK: DEMETER), (Demeter): goddess of the harvest and agriculture; her daughter Proserpina (Persephone) is queen of the underworld and wife of Pluto, (Roman mythology) goddess of agriculture

Demeter and Persephone

Demeter= Zues's sister in charge of harvest must keep her happy, so crops grow. Persephone= daughter of Demeter. Hades= Zues's brother, king of the underworld. One day Hades drove his chariot, and Cerebus above the world, and grabbed Persephone, because he fell in love with her. She ate pomegranate seeds. Crops didn't grow because Demeter was depressed. Zeus send Hermes to make a deal with Hades. 6 Months below and 6 months above, and she would marry Hades. When Persephone came Demeter made all crops grow = seasons.

Callisto

Devotee of Artemis banished and changed into a bear by the goddess for having been raped and impregnated by Zeus., After being raped by Jupiter she is turned into a bear and she is punished by Artemis, one of Artemis's handmaidens, Juno transforms her into a bear after she makes love to Jove, had a son named Arcas who eventually hunted her, son and her turned into constelations by Jove, Neptune made them to 'never touch the ocean', Devotee of Artemis, raped by Zeus, turned into bear by Artemis, hunted by son, Artemis takes pity on both and makes them constellations

Dionysus and the Pirates

Dionysus was captured by pirates while he was walking to Greece. The pirates tried to tie him up with ropes, but the ropes would not hold. Dionysus turned into a lion, and chases the crew around the ship. A lot of them jumped off the ship, and turned into dolphins. He saved the Helsman who tried to convince the crew that Dionysus wasn't mortal.

Eros

Eros , in Greek mythology, was the Greek god of love. His Roman counterpart was Cupid . Some myths make him a primordial god, while in other myths, he is the son of Aphrodite.

Tantalos

Father of Pelops, Niobe, Broteas. Son of Zues and nympth Plouto. Tantalos became an eternal inhabitant of Tartarus, the deepest portion of the underworld. He stole ambrosia and nectar. Tantalos revealed secrets of the Gods. He cut up Pelops and served him to the Gods. Tantalos had to stand in a pool under a fruit tree and couldn't drink or eat. He had a eternal deprivation on nourishment.

Satyrs

Goat men like Pan who lived in the wild places, Half-man, half-goat creatures associated with indulgence and sensuality, (Greek Mythology) Satyrs were the half beast and half human deities of the wilderness and countryside; they accompanied Dionysus, the god of wine, by drinking, dancing, playing music, and chasing nymphs.

Hermaphroditos

God of effemianate men (unmanly men) He is the son of Hermes & Aphrodite (The gods male and female sexuality ) Attracted to the nymph Salmakis. A god transformed them into one. The spring of Salmakis made men who bathed in it effeminate. Hermaphroditos(Name= Hermes and Aphrodite) usually painted woman characteristics.

Asclepius

God of medicine, Apollo's son who could raise the dead. Carried the rod of Asclepius with two intertwined snakes. God of the Medical Arts, God of medicine. Aphrodite gave him a potion to bring people back from the dead. Hades got mad so Zeus killed Asclepius with a thunderbolt. Apollo was angry. His wife pleaded to Zeus and he rose him up from the dead.

hera

Goddess of marriage, Goddess of Home, Wife of Zeus, Queen of Olympian Gods, Always angry when Zeus sleeps with other women. Sends fit of Madness, unknowingly killings Megara and children. Hera was tormented with jealousy of Leto. So the Queen of the Gods sent a serpent after Leto to vex her and to prevent her from finding a place to deliver her babies.

Aphrodite

Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation.she was born when Cronus cut off Uranus's genitals and threw them into the sea, and she arose from the sea foam (aphros).daughter of Zeus and Dione. Because of her beauty, other gods feared that their rivalry over her would interrupt the peace among them and lead to war, so Zeus married her to Hephaestus, who, because of his ugliness and deformity, was not seen as a threat. Aphrodite had many lovers—both gods, such as Ares, and men, such as Anchises. She played a role in the Eros and Psyche legend, and later was both Adonis's lover and his surrogate mother. Many lesser beings were said to be children of Aphrodite.

Herm

Greek religion, sacred object of stone connected with the cult of Hermes, the fertility god. According to some scholars, Hermes' name may be derived from the word herma. With the development of artistic taste and the conception of the gods as having human form, these objects tended to be replaced either by statues or by pillars that were generally square and tapering toward the bottom so as to suggest the human figure. These were usually surmounted by the bearded head of Hermes (hence the name) and had an erect phallus. They were used not only as cult objects but also for a variety of other purposes, for example, as milestones or boundary marks. They were regarded with respect, if not actually worshipped.

Hermes

He was the cleverest of the Olympian gods, and messenger to all the other gods. Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia. He is Zeus messenger. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a magic wand. He is the god of thieves and god of commerce. He is the guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.

Birth of Apollo

Hera harasses Leto for having a kid with Zues. Leto doesn't allow Leto give Birth on Earth or in the heavens. Leto is forced to wonder in order to find a place to deliver the twins Apollo and Artemis. Leto gives birth in Delos the floating island

Hermes steals Apollo's Cattle

Hermes = cunning, trickster, stealing things from the other gods, and hiding them in unbelievable locations. Hermes stole the cattle of Apollo, attatched hoofs of cows in reverse order, and he did the same thing to himself. He hid the cattle in a cave. Apollo(God of prophecy) seeked Hermes, and took him to Zues. Hermes gave Apollo his lyre, and Apollo gave Hermes a golden staff to guide the herds. They became friends, and Hermes finds outs his prophecy, of being a messanger.

Lyre

Hermes is generally credited with their invention. The messenger god made the instrument from a tortoise shell, gut, and reeds, principally to help him steal 50 prize cattle from Apollo's sacred herd. Apollo discovered the theft and was only placated by Hermes' offer of the lyre. Apollo, from that point on, was considered the player par excellence of the lyre. Apollo also taught that other great mythical musician, Orpheus, how to play the instrument which would become his emblem. Orpheus was believed to be Thracian, which helped reinforce the belief that the lyre had its origins there. However, the invention of the seven string version of the lyre is credited to Terpander of Lesbos. Other mythical figures often seen with a lyre include Eros and the Muses

Birth of Aphrodite

Hesoids Theogony- Born when cronus cut off Uranus's genitals, and threw them into the sea. She arose form the sea-foam. Homer's Illiad- She was the daughter of Zeus and Diome. She was born near Paphos on the island of Cyprus, and born near cythera.One says she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitles into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus

Pentheus

King of Thebes in the Bacchae; tried to stamp out Dionysus' cult in his city; punished by being dismembered by the Maenads., King of Thebes, doomed to death for refusing to recognize Dionysus as a god, torn limb from limb by women, including his mother and aunts, In Euripides' Bacchae, while the female worshipers of Dionysus are celebrating the rites of Dionysus, they viciously rip apart:

lARES

Lares were believed to observe, protect and influence all that happened within the boundaries of their location or function. The statues of domestic Lares were placed at table during family meals; their presence, cult and blessing seem to have been required at all important family events. The LARES are twin brothers, who guard the crossroads and ever keep watch in the city.

Mercury and Larunda

Larunda= Naiad nymph. She is famous for beauty, and loquacity,she was incapable of keeping secrets. She told Juno that Zues had an affair with Juturna. Zues cut off her tounge, and he told Hermes to bring her to the underworld. Hermes fell in love with her while he was transporting he. They made love, and the two kids the Lares had to stay hidden in a cottage, so Hermes wouldn't find them.

Leto

Leto is the daughter of Coeus and Phoebe. She was an early and favorite lover of Zeus. Zeus married Hera while Leto was pregnant. While the pregnancy began before the marriage Hera was still jealous of Leto. For the duration of Leto's pregnancy Hera created problems. First Leto was pushed out of Olympus. As she wandered no place would allow her to stay for fear Hera would be offended. Hera had the dragon Python chase her. Zeus saved her by sending the North Wind Boreas to carry her out to sea. Finally, the desolate rocky island of Delos, which had little to lose, accepted her. The other goddesses gathered to help Leto as she gave birth. Hera stayed away and managed to detain Eileithyia, goddess of childbirth, until Iris fetched her. Leto first gave birth to Artemis and then after another nine days of labor to Apollo.

Lucian, Dialougues of the Dead

Lucian= Was he writer of the Roman Empire, he was born in Samosata, and wrote in Greek. Dialogues of the dead= These were Comic dialogues in the Greek underworld. Menippus goes to the underworld to talk to some residents. Charon(the old man who drives the dead across the river to Hades) and Menippus. Charon asks Menippus to pay him for the ride, and he says that he has no money, but only a bag of beans. Meippus meets Cerebus(3 headed guard dog) Cerebus told him he wad one of the first humans to come down willingly. Most of the time the Gods would come down strong, and only they entered the gates they flipped. Menippus goes and sees Tantallus(killed his son Pelops, the one who had to stay in chip deep water as punishment, he has no body, but his soul thirsts as if there was a body there. He has a reverse hydrophobia) He needs a hellebore plant(medication for insanity)

Maenads

MYTHOLOGY: Dionysus' groupies that were wild about partying, they ripped to shreds any man that would get in their way, After losing Eurydice for a second time to the underworld, Orpheus was torn to pieces by these women, crazed followers of Bacchus., Represented madness & violence, worshippers of Dionysus, Agave led them in tearing Pentheus to pieces

Semele

Mother of Dionysus, Hera tricks her into asking Zeus to show himself in his full glory so he turns himself into a lightning bolt killing her but her baby (Dionysus) survives and Zeus stitches him up in his thigh

Mt. Parnassus

Mountain above Delphi sacred to Apollo,Dionysus,and the Muses., site of the Apollo's oracle at Delphi; home of the Muses, this mountain was sacred to Apollo and the Corycian nymphs, and the home of the Muses.

Artemis and Orion

Orion was the most beautiful man. Artemis and orion hunted together, and became great friends. Apollo saw them laying upon one another, and was pissed. He wanted to defend Artemis's virginity. Apollo became fond of orion, and was jealous when he spoke of Artemis. Orion drempt that a scorpion was going to attack him, and just after he awoke him, and just after he awoke he went outside, and a scorpion was there. Orion died apollo tricked him.

Homeric Hymn to Demeter

Overall talks about the most important things to Demeter and Persephone. Persephone is abducted by Hades who brings her to the underworld. Demeter is overcome with grief and all the crops stop growing. Demter goes to to Eleusis, and ends up being a nanny for the daughters of Celeus. Iambe is a servant, and cheers her up a bit. Demeter care for Demophoon as if he was a god, she was going to throw him in a fire, but was caught by Metaneira. She turns into her true form, and asks the people of Eleusis to build her a temple/ throne, she chilld here. Zeus goes to make a deal with Hades. Hades tells him about his dedication to Persephone, and that she ate the pomegranates. Persephone is said to live part of the year above/ underworld. Demeter establishes her elusian mysteries. The lesser mysteries= celebrated in athens, first stage, focused on initial purification. The greater mysteries= held annually to give vitations to ceremonies. Ultimate mysteries of Elusis= expressed visually/ orally. unwritten secrets kept forever. they present a vision of the afterlife to evoke a religious catharsis. Triptolemus was the messanger god of Demeter.

Pan

Pan He was the son of Hermes and Penelope (later married to Odysseus) in some myths and the son of Zeus and the nymph Callisto in others. He is the god of flocks and shepherds. He is mostly human in appearance but, with goat horns and goat feet. He is an excellent musician and plays the pipes. He is merry and playful frequently seen dancing with woodland nymphs. He is at home in any wild place but, is favorite is Arcadia, where he was born. He is always in pursuit of one of the nymphs but, always rejected because he is ugly. His name is the basis for the word "panic". There are two differing explanations for this. The first is that he was present when Zeus defeated the Titans and claimed that it has his yelling that caused the Titans to flee. However, this seems at odds with his being Hermes son. The second is that he created the noises in the woods at night that scared travellers.

Syrinx

Pan's first instrument, Nymph. Turns into a reed and becomes a pipe in Mercury's story to Argus.

Silenus

Pans son/brother, perpetually drunk, follows Dionysus, Greek: an old woodland spirit, who was a teacher of Dionysus. represented as a fat and jolly man, riding an ass, covered in flowers

Dionysos and Pentheus

Pentheus was the ruler of Thebes. Dionysus came to Thebes and hypnotized Pentheus into wearing woman's clothing. Dionysus convinced Pentheus to climb the trees to spy on naked woman. Pentheus saw his mother and aunts who were turned into crazed Maenads, they tore apart Pentheus thinking he was a wild animal. (God's don't like when mortals think they are better than them.... this is similar to Actaeon and Artemis.)

Venus

Roman goddess whose functions encompassed love, beauty, sex, fertility and prosperity. In Roman mythology, she was the mother of the Roman people through her son, Aeneas, who survived the fall of Troy and fled to Italy. Venus was central to many religious festivals, and was venerated in Roman religion under numerous cult titles.The Romans adapted the myths and iconography of her Greek counterpart Aphrodite for Roman art and Latin literature. In the later classical tradition of the West, Venus becomes one of the most widely referenced deities of Greco-Roman mythology as the embodiment of love and sexuality.Venus' signs were for the most part the same as Aphrodite's. They include roses, which were offered in Venus' Porta Collina rites,[10] and above all, myrtle (Latin murtos), which was cultivated for its white, sweetly scented flowers, aromatic, evergreen leaves and its various medical-magical properties.

Niobe

She was a mother of 14, they were killed by apollo, and artemis. Niobe turned to stone, and the rock formed a spring from her tears. Eternal mourning was formed.

Agave

Sister of Semelê and mother of Pentheus; punished in the Bacchae for having doubted the divinity of Semelê's lover and that of their child, Dionysus., Daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia and mother of Pentheus. Was under Dionysus' spell when she killed her son, Pentheus....thinking it was the head of a mountain lion.

Pan and Syrinx

Syrix was a nymph from Arcadia. She was beautiful, and had a strong passion for hunting. One day Pan spotted Syrinx, and she ran away because she did not want to be loved. The river god turned Syrinx into a Reed(tall, slender plant). Syrinx produced a melody sigh of relief. Pan made a pan pipe from the reed. he took it everywhere to make harmonious sounds.

Apollo

The great Olympian god of prophecy and oracles, healing, plague and disease, music, song and poetry, archery, and the protection of the young. He was depicted as a handsome, beardless youth with long hair and various attributes including:--a wreath and branch of laurel; bow and quiver; raven; and lyre. The most famous myths of Apollon include:-- His birth on the island of Delos; The slaying of the serpent Python which guarded the oracular shrine of Delphoi; The slaying of the giant Tityos who attempted to carry off the god's mother Leto; The destruction of the Niobe whose mother had offended Leto with her boasts; His music contest with the satyr Marsyas who lost and was flayed alive; His love for the youth Hyakinthos who was killed by a discus throw and transformed into a flower; His love for the nymph Daphne who fled from him and was transformed into a laurel tree; His love for Koronis who was slain by Artemis for her infidelity; The murder of the Kyklopes who had forged the lightning bolt used to destroy his son Asklepios; His service as bondsman to the mortal Admetos; His struggle with Herakles for the Delphic tripod; The Trojan War in which he brought plague to the Greeks and helped Paris slay Akhilleus.

Delos

The island of Delos, near Mykonos, near the centre of the Cyclades archipelago, is one of the most important mythological, historical and archaeological sites in Greece. The excavations in the island are among the most extensive in the Mediterranean; ongoing work takes place under the direction of the French School at Athens and many of the artifacts found are on display at the Archaeological Museum of Delos and the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Delos had a position as a holy sanctuary for a millennium before Olympian Greek mythology made it the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis. From its Sacred Harbour, the horizon shows the two conical mounds that have identified landscapes sacred to a goddess in other sites: one, retaining its pre-Greek name Mount Kynthos is crowned with a sanctuary of Zeus.

Apollo founds Delphi (Pytho)

The most important oracle was here. Major site for the worship of the God Apollo. The oracle was there so that mortals could seek answers. The seeker would sit, and then the seeker had to figure out the meaning of it. Delphi is a city where Gaia sent Python (a huge serpant) to guard the oracle. Apollo killed Python to avenge his mother Leto's Death Oracle of Delphi

Amazons

The myth says that they were the most powerful women ever. In the ancient times, they were said to be a tribe of independent, mighty women who had rebelled against the men-dominated society. They used to live in isolate places, exclude men from their society and make wars against them. Today, we can call them as the first extreme feminists. The Gods that the Amazons used to worship were related to their beliefs and ideals. God Ares was certainly male but yet he was honoured by the Amazons as the God of War, since their life was devoted to fighting. Artemis, the female Goddess of War, was also honoured as the goddess of the hunt, childbirth and nature. In fact, Artemis may have been a more cultivated representation of an Amazon type of women, as she was believed to be virgin and fierce. Cybele was also another protector of the Amazons as she used to be worshipped as the Goddess of the moon, the symbol of the Amazons, and fertility.

Cyclopes

These Cyclopes also created Poseidon's trident, Artemis' bow and arrows of moonlight, Apollo's bow and arrows of sun rays, and Hades' helmet of darkness that was given to Perseus on his quest to kill Medusa. The Cyclopes (Cyclops) were gigantic one eyed monsters. The most famous is Polyphemus, the Cyclops blinded by Odysseus. The Cyclops are generally mentioned as the sons of Uranus and Gaea, but Homer speaks of Polyphemus, the chief of the Cyclops, as the son of Poseidon, and states the Cyclops to be his brothers. They were a wild race of gigantic growth, similar in their nature to the earth-born Giants, and had only one eye each in the middle of their foreheads. They led a lawless life, possessing neither social manners nor fear of the gods, and were the workmen of Hephaestus, whose workshop was supposed to be in the heart of the volcanic mountain Aetna.

Actaeon

This mortal was punished for watching Artemis bathe and Artemis was furious. She threw water at him was changed into a stag., Young man killed by Artemis for having accidentally seen her bathing; turned into a stag and torn apart by his own hunting dogs.

Homerica Hymn to Hermes

Zeus and Maia have hermes. He is the luck bringing messenger of the Gods. Maia lived in a deep cave. Hermes is a trickster god, and made a lyre out of a turtle shell, he invents shoes. He invents a way to make fire, out of the loral branch. He cooks meat, out of the cow 12 portions. He told Maia that with his powers he would get them to live in the world of the immortal Gods/ respect. Apollo realizes someone stole his cattle, and blames Hermes. They go to Zeus. Zeus tells Hermes to give apollo back his cattle. Apollo tries to bind Hermes, but he breaks the braids, and fills the cattle with braids, and Apollo fears how he will be when he gets older. Hermes shows Apollo his lyre, and he trades Apollo his cattle for his lyre. They go to Zeus, and become friends. Hermes is said to be the only messenger of Hades, and is associated with all mortals/ immortals.

Sparagmos

an ancient Dionysian ritual in which a living animal, or sometimes even a human being, would be sacrificed by being dismembered, by the tearing apart of limbs from the body., they are possessed by god Dionysus, becomes very strong and can tear the animals apart, means "Ripping Apart", The tearing apart live limbs, animal and sometimes even humans, and usually followed by omophagia. It is seen in the Bacchae when the Maenads tear apart little animals and later a human in order to please Dionysus.

Telphusa

apollo goes to a beautiful stream where he meets a nymph named telphusa who does not want him to build his oracle there so she tricks him into building it at delphi. Later apollo finds out and is angry and creates a rock slide there, Nymph that persuaded Apollo to build oracle on Delphi. Killed later by Apollo

Psychopomp

are creatures, spirits, angels, or deities in many religions whose responsibility is to escort newly deceased souls to the afterlife. Their role is not to judge the deceased, but simply provide safe passage. Frequently depicted on funerary art, psychopomps have been associated at different times and in different cultures with horses, Whip-poor-wills, ravens, dogs, crows, owls, sparrows, cuckoos, and harts. Hermes- conveyor or conductor of souls and psychogogue, conductor or leader of souls in (or through) the underworld, guide of souls, Hermes guides the souls of the deceased to the underworld, leader of souls

Talaria

are winged sandals, a symbol of the Greek messenger god Hermes (Roman equivalent Mercury). They were said to be made by the god Hephaestus of imperishable gold and they flew the god as swift as any bird. The name is from the Latin talaria, neuter plural of talaris, "of the ankle".

Cyrene

daughter of Hypseus, King of the Lapiths, although some myths state that her father was actually the river-god Peneus and she was a nymph rather than mortal. Thessalian princess, the daughter of King Hypseus of the Lapiths. She was great huntress who guarded her father's herds in the region of Mount Pelion, destroying wild beasts armed with javelin and sword. One day when she was wrestling a lion, the god Apollon spied her and became inflamed with love. He seized the girl and carried her off to the Hill of Myrtles (Myrtoessa) in Libyan North Africa where the Greeks would later found a colony named Kyrene in her honour. She bore the god a son named Aristaios, a rustic demi-god who was entrusted to the care of Kheiron and the Nymphs of Mount Pelion. He grew up to invent beekeeping and numerous other rustic arts.

Niobe

daughter of Tantalus, Boasted of her 14 children to Leto, Apollo and Artemis kill them all and she weeps so much she turns into a crying rock

Eileithyia

goddess of childbirth that hera held back as leto was giving birth, eventually helped leto conceive artemis and apollo, a daughter of zeus & hera

Atalanta

is a character in Greek mythology, a virgin huntress, unwilling to marry, and loved by the hero Meleager. Atalanta was the daughter of Iasus, a Boeotian (according to Hesiod) or an Arcadian princess (according to the Bibliotheca). After the Calydonian boar hunt, Atalanta was rediscovered by her father. He wanted her to be married, but Atalanta, uninterested in marriage, agreed to marry only if her suitors could outrun her in a footrace. Those who lost would be killed. King Schoeneus agreed, and many young men died in the attempt until Hippomenes came along. Hippomenes asked the goddess Aphrodite for help, and she gave him three golden apples in order to slow Atalanta down. The apples were irresistible, so every time Atalanta got ahead of Hippomenes, he rolled an apple ahead of her, and she would run after it. In this way, Hippomenes won the footrace and came to marry Atalanta. Eventually they had a son Parthenopaios, who was one of the Seven against Thebes. Zeus or his mother Rhea turned Atalanta and Hippomenes into lions after they made love together in one of his temples. Other accounts say that Aphrodite changed them into lions because they did not give her proper honor. The belief at the time was that lions could not mate with their own species, only with leopards; thus Atalanta and Hippomenes would never be able to remain with one another.

Mercury

is a major Roman god, being one of the Dii Consentes within the ancient Roman pantheon. He is the patron god of financial gain, commerce, eloquence (and thus poetry), messages/communication (including divination), travelers, boundaries, luck, trickery and thieves; he is also the guide of souls to the underworld. He was considered the son of Maia and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is possibly related to the In his earliest forms, he appears to have been related to the Etruscan deity Turms, both of which share characteristics with the Greek god Hermes. the same aspects as Hermes, wearing winged shoes (talaria) and a winged hat (petasos), and carrying the caduceus, a herald's staff with two entwined snakes that was Apollo's gift to Hermes. He was often accompanied by a cockerel, herald of the new day, a ram or goat, symbolizing fertility, and a tortoise, referring to Mercury's legendary invention of the lyre from a tortoise shell. Hendrik Goltzius: Mercury, with his symbols Like Hermes, he was also a god of messages, eloquence and of trade, particularly of the grain trade. Mercury was also considered a god of abundance and commercial success, particularly in Gaul, where he was said to have been particularly revered. He was also, like Hermes, the Romans' psychopomp, leading newly deceased souls to the afterlife. Additionally, Ovid wrote that Mercury carried Morpheus' dreams from the valley of Somnus to sleeping humans.

Petasus

is a sun hat of Thessalian origin worn by the ancient Greeks, often in combination with the chlamys cape. It was usually made of wool felt, leather or straw, with a broad, floppy brim. It was worn primarily by farmers and travellers, and was considered characteristic of rural people. As a winged hat, it became the symbol of Hermes, the Greek mythological messenger god (Roman equivalent Mercury)., Greek for the traveler's hat worn by Hermes.

Maia

is one of the Pleiades and the mother of Hermes. Maia is the daughter of Atlas and Pleione the Oceanid, and is the eldest of the seven Pleiades. They were born on Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, and are sometimes called mountain nymphs, oreads; Simonides of Ceos sang of "mountain Maia" "of the lovely black eyes." Because they were daughters of Atlas, they were also called the Atlantides. According to the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, Zeus in the dead of night secretly begot Hermes upon Maia, who avoided the company of the gods, in a cave of Cyllene. After giving birth to the baby, Maia wrapped him in blankets and went to sleep. The rapidly-maturing infant Hermes crawled away to Thessaly, where by nightfall of his first day he stole some of his brother Apollo's cattle and invented the lyre from a tortoise shell. Maia refused to believe Apollo when he claimed Hermes was the thief and Zeus then sided with Apollo. Finally, Apollo exchanged the cattle for the lyre, which became one of his identifying attributes., Daughter of Atlas, and mother of Hermes by Zeus

Iris

is the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. She is also known as one of the goddesses of the sea and the sky. Iris links the gods to humanity. She travels with the speed of wind from one end of the world to the other,[1] and into the depths of the sea and the underworld.

Arethusa

mortal who is bathing a river when Alpheus tells her he loves her-she tries to run away, and prays to Artemis-Artemis turns her into a spring

Hermaphroditus

son of Aphrodite and Hermes. According to Ovid, born a remarkably handsome boy, he was transformed into an androgynous being by union with the water nymph Salmacis. His name is the basis for the word hermaphrodite. Hermaphroditus, the two-sexed child of Aphrodite and Hermes (Venus and Mercury) had long been a symbol of androgyny or effeminacy, and was portrayed in Greco-Roman art as a female figure with male genitals. Theophrastus's account also suggests a link between Hermaphroditus and the institution of marriage. The reference to the fourth day of the month is telling: this is the luckiest day to have a wedding. Hermaphroditus's association with marriage seems to have been that, by embodying both masculine and feminine qualities, he symbolized the coming together of men and women in sacred union. Another factor linking Hermaphroditus to weddings was his parents' role in protecting and blessing brides., boy of remarkable beauty; Salmacis never wanted to be separated from him therefore they were fused together into one being

Anchises

son of Capys and Themiste (daughter of Ilus, who was son of Tros). He was the father of Aeneas and a prince from Dardania, a territory neighbouring Troy. His major claim to fame in Greek mythology is that he was a mortal lover of the goddess Aphrodite (and in Roman mythology, the lover of Venus). One version is that Aphrodite pretended to be a Phrygian princess and seduced him for nearly two weeks of lovemaking. Anchises learned that his lover was a goddess only nine months later, when she revealed herself and presented him with the infant Aeneas. Aphrodite had warned him that if he boasted of the affair, he would be blasted by the thunderbolt of Zeus. He did and was scorched and/or crippled., Aeneas visited his father, _____, who was in the Elysian Fields to get advice on how best to establish his home in Italy and avoid trouble.

Venus Genetrix

the goddess of motherhood and marriage, and built a temple for her in 46 BCE. He introduced Venus Genetrix as a goddess of motherhood and domesticity(home or family life). She was also honored in the temple of Mars Ultor. The last great temple of Venus was built by the emperor Hadrianus near the Colosseum in 135 CE. Venus was often referred to with epithet Venus Erycina ("of the heather"). Venus Genetrix ("Mother Venus") was the goddess of motherhood and domesticity. She was regarded as the mother of the Julian gens in particular. Caesar dedicated the temple to Venus Genetrix because he believed she was one of his ancestors. Although Caesar did not want to be called a king, he had a statute of himself put inside the temple because he believed that he was a relative of one. This statute is a semi-nude life-size portrait sculpture by the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova., the god to whom the main temple in the forum of julius caesar was dedicated, A nickname or specific name for Venus. Genetrix = mother. Statue in cella of Ceasars forum that Augustus finished. Julio-Claudian line claimed descent to her.

Pythia

the priestess of Apollo at Delphi who transmitted the oracles, Priestess at Delphi whom Apollo inspired with his prophecies., Apollo's oracle communicator, would breathe in vapors and ingest leaves that would bring her to a state of ecstasy (get high). She uttered the will of Apollo, and the oracle priests translated it to be understandable, Most famous of Greek oracles; woman, known to be a virgin; most would come to seek the advice of Pythia

Caduceus

the staff carried by Hermes in Greek mythology. As a symbolic object it represents Hermes and by extension trades, occupations or undertakings associated with the god. In later Antiquity the caduceus provided the basis for the astrological symbol representing the planet Mercury. Thus, through its use in astrology and alchemy, it has come to denote the elemental metal of the same name. It is said the wand would wake the sleeping and send the awake to sleep. If applied to the dying their death was gentle, if applied to the dead they returned to life. By extension of its association with Mercury and Hermes, the caduceus is also a recognized symbol of commerce and negotiation, two realms in which balanced exchange and reciprocity are recognized as ideals. This association is ancient, and consistent from the Classical period to modern times. The caduceus is also used as a symbol representing printing, again by extension of the attributes of Mercury (in this case associated with writing and eloquence). snake- like, Symbol for healing made up of a staff with two snakes coiled around it which has become the recognized symbol for medicine

Thyrsus

the wand/staff of Dionysus that is entwined w/ivy and a pinecone at the top, a staff carried by a Maenad, made of wood with some type of vegetation on the end of it, Dionysus' pine-cone tipped staff. Often carried by his followers. A sacred instrument at religious rituals.

Britomartis

virgin goddess of hunting and nets used for fishing, fowling and the hunting of small game. These were all foods served as relishes beside the staple meal of bread, the apparent province of her mother Karme (lady of the harvest). Britomartis was a huntress of the island of Krete. When the lustful king Minos attempted to seduce her, she fled his advances, raced the length of the island and leapt into the sea. There she was caught in the nets of fishermen and carried to the safety of the island of Aigina. After the introduction of the worship of Artemis into Crete, Britomartis, between whom and Artemis there were several points of resemblance, was placed in some relation to her: Artemis, who loved her, assumed her name and was worshipped under it, and in the end the two divinities became completely identified, as we see from the story which makes Britomartis a daughter of Leto. She was a nymph, took great delight in wandering about hunting, and was beloved by Artemis.leaped from mount Dictynnaeum into the sea, where she became entangled in the nets, but was saved by Artemis, who now made her a goddess.

Daphnis

was a Sicilian shepherd who was said to be the inventor of pastoral poetry. According to tradition, he was the son of Hermes and a nymph, despite which Daphnis himself was mortal. Daphnis is also described and shown as an eromenos. His mother was said to have exposed him under a laurel tree, where he was found by shepherds and named after the tree under which he was found. He was also sometimes said to be Hermes favourite or beloved rather than his son. A naiad was in love with him and promised to be faithful to him. However, he was seduced, with the aid of wine, by the daughter of a king, and, in revenge, this nymph either blinded him or turned him to stone. Pan also fell in love with him and taught him to play the pan pipes. Daphnis was also the name of a member of the group of Prophetic sisters, known as the Thriae.

Aeneas

was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite (Venus). His father was the second cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas Priam's second cousin, once removed. He is a character in Greek mythology and is mentioned in Homer's Iliad, and receives full treatment in Roman mythology as the legendary founder of what would become Ancient Rome, most extensively in Virgil's Aeneid. He became the first true hero of Rome., A mythical Greek warrior who was a leader on the Trojan side of the Trojan War., A Trojan nobleman, the son of Aphrodite, and a mighty warrior. The Romans believed that Aeneas later founded their city (he is the protagonist of Virgil's masterpiece the Aeneid).

Orion

was a giant huntsman in Greek mythology whom Zeus placed among the stars as the constellation of Orion. his hunting with Artemis on Crete, his death by the bow of Artemis or the sting of the giant scorpion which became Scorpio, and his elevation to the heavens. Most ancient sources omit some of these episodes and several tell only one. These various incidents may originally have been independent, unrelated stories and it is impossible to tell whether omissions are simple brevity or represent a real disagreement. Orion's next journey took him to Crete where he hunted with the goddess Artemis and her mother Leto, and in the course of the hunt, threatened to kill every beast on Earth. Mother Earth objected and sent a giant scorpion to kill Orion. The creature succeeded, and after his death, the goddesses asked Zeus to place Orion among the constellations. Zeus consented and, as a memorial to the hero's death, added the Scorpion to the heavens as well.

Larunda

was a naiad nymph, daughter of the river Almo in Ovid's Fasti.[1] She was famous for both beauty and loquacity (a trait her parents attempted to curb). She was incapable of keeping secrets, and so revealed to Jupiter's wife Juno his affair with Juturna (Larunda's fellow nymph, and the wife of Janus). For betraying his trust, Jupiter cut out Lara's tongue and ordered Mercury, the psychopomp, to conduct her to Avernus, the gateway to the Underworld and realm of Pluto. Hermes however, fell in love with Larunda and made love to her on the way; this act has also been interpreted as a rape. Lara thereby became mother to two children, referred to as the Lares, invisible household gods. However, she had to stay in a hidden cottage in the woods so that Jupiter would not find her., A nymph famous for beauty. Incapable of keeping secrets so accidentally told Hera of Zeus's affair. Zeus cut out her tongue and sent Hermes to take her to the underworld but he fell in love and kept her hidden in a cottage in the woods. Became the mother of the Lares, household gods.