Classification, Dichotomous Keys and Cladograms, Prokary, Eukary, Endosymbiosis Theory,Kingdoms
A. stallaria explodus
A candy is chewy, wrapped, not rounded, wrapper is not brown and white, and the wrapper is varied in color. A. stallaria explodus B. chocolatus cyaan C. saltus taffina D. ursa gennerias
D. ramaculus scotchus
A candy is hard,not spherical, wrapper is transparent, wrapper is yellow. A. ursa genneuras B. mandibulus crackus C. joyous rancheria D. ramaculus scotchus
Cladogram
A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
B. chickweed
A flower with five petals that are deeply divided would be______. A. starflower B. chickweed C. bowemans root
Archaebacteria
A group of microorganisms whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan and that typically live in extremely harsh environments.
Genus
A group of similar species
Clade
A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants.
Plantae
A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.
Animalia
A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.
Fungi
A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
Eubacteria
A kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria
Cladistics
A phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa.
Domain
A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Kingdom
A taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain.
B. bull snake
I have a light colored snake, body is not greenish in color, body is not yellow, red or black. What do I have? A. green tree boa B. bull snake C. scarlet king snake D. cottonmouth
C. Star light
I have a mineral that is rough, has crystals, and is solid black. What is it? A. Loyd B. spike C. Star light
C. Bubba
I have a mineral that is rough, no crystals, and is black and gray. What is it? A. Loyd B. star light C. Bubba
B. 3
I have a species of insect with compound eyes that is blue and circular, they have entire margins, they have 25 feet. A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6
B. calligraphy pen
I have an ink pen tipped with metal without a ball tip, what is it? A. marker B. calligraphy pen C. ball point pen
Domain Eukarya
Includes: 1) Kingdom Protista 2) Kingdom Fungi 3) Kingdom Plantae 4) Kingdom Animalia
Domain Archaea
Includes: Kingdom Archaebacteria
Domain Bacteria
Includes: Kingdom Eubacteria
mitochondria
a DOUBLE membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that converts oxygen into ATP
chloroplast
a DOUBLE membrane-bound organelle found in plants and some protists; it serves to convert CO2 into glucose
Cladogram
a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species
protista
a kingdom of unicellular living organisms that are neither animals nor plants; includes some groups of algae, slime molds and protozoa
theory
a scientific explanation backed by evidence
Dichotomous Key
a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish
prokaryotic
a type of cell that has a simple structure and lacks membrane-bound organelles
bacteria
all types are made of prokaryotic cells
pro
before
cyto
cell
kary
cell nucleus
cell theory
cells are basic units of life, cells come from cells, all living things are made of cells
phagocytosis
cellular eating
endosymbiotic theory
explains evidence for how prokaryotes gave rise to the first eukaryotic cells
mitochondria
power house, makes ATP energy
capsid
protein coat that surrounds genetic material of virus
ribosomes
small organelles that are the protein builders or synthesizers
membrane-bound
surrounded by a lipid membrane
cell membrane
thin lipid (fatty) layer that holds all contents of the cell
engulf
to take inside, "eating"
sym
together
Derived characteristics
trait that differs in structure or function from that found in the ancestral line for a group of species
eu
true
eukaryotic
type of cell that is complex with membrane-bound organelles including a DNA filled nucleus
animal cell
type of cell that never has a cell wall or chloroplasts
plant cell
type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and one large vacuole
HIV virus
virus that infects T-cells, white blood cells, in humans
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria
Fur and mammary glands
what characteristics do the mouse and chimp share that no other organisms on the cladogram have
Divergent evolution
when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time
Prokaryotic
No nucleus or enclosed organelles ; 1 chromosome ; everything is smaller/simpler
Unicellular
ONE cell
C. 17
We are looking for a brown beetle with long curved antennae, 6 legs, forelegs pointed forward, white spot on head. A. 2 B. 5 C. 17 D. 18
D. J
We are looking for a fish with a double dorsal fin, elongated body, black top of body, spotted caudal fin. A. E B. B C. H D. J
C. 1b, 7b, 9b
What is the classification trail for joyous rancheria? A. 1b, 7a, 8b B. 1b, 7b, 9a C. 1b, 7b, 9b
B. 1a, 2a, 4a
What is the correct classification trail for the killer whale? A. 1b, 3a, 5a B. 1a, 2a, 4a C. 1a, 2a, 4b
A. 1a, 2a, 3b, 5a
What is the correct classification trail for tutsus rollus? A. 1a, 2a, 3b, 5a B. 1 a, 2a, 3b, 5b, 6a
C. camarhynchus
Which bird is bird Z? A. certidea B. geospiza C. camarhynchus
A. 1a, 2a, 3b
Which taxonomic order classifies a calligraphy pen? A. 1a, 2a, 3b B. 1a, 2a, 3a C. 1b, 4b
C. 1b, 4b
Which taxonomic order classifies a mechanical pencil? A. 1a, 2a, 3b B. 1b, 4a C. 1b, 4b
D. darner and mosquito
Which two organisms are most closely related? A. human and goose B. goose and mosquito C. human and mosquito D. darner and mosquito
C. 2,3
Which two shapes should not be clasified with the rest of the group? A. 1,6 B. 2,5 C. 2,3 D. 4,5
endosymbiotic theory
idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotes engulfed by eukaryotes
endo
inside
bio
life
lysosome
membrane-bound organelle filled with enzymes that break down what the cell does not need anymore
endoplasmic reticulum
membrane-bound organelle where proteins are made and transported within the cell
Golgi body
membrane-bound organelle where proteins are modified, packaged and shipped
Evolutionary classification
method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history
Molecular clock
method used by researchers that uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently
cell wall
one main difference between animal and plant cells
membrane-bound organelles
organelles covered in a thin sheet of lipids that have a specific structure and function
virus
particle that encloses genetic material inside a protein coat (capsid) and sometimes a lipid envelope.
Taxon
Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name
Family
(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
Phylogeny
(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
Kingdom Fungi
- (ex. Yeast) unicellular or (most) multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophic (decomposers) - Unique characteristic: cell walls have chitin Ex. Yeast, mushroom, fungus, rusts, molds
Kingdom Protista
- Extremely diverse / "junk group" - (most) unicellular or (some) multicellular - eukaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic Unique characteristic: plant and animal like cells
Kingdom Archaebacteria
- Live in EXTREME habitats (really hot, cold, salty, dark, etc...) - unicellular - prokaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: NO peptidoglycan in cell wall
Kingdom Eubacteria
- Live in many places on earth (bacteria that we think of) - unicellular - prokaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: has peptidoglycan in cell wall - shape: circle, spiral, or rod Role: decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and human digestion
Kingdom Plante
- multicellular - eukaryotic - autotrophic - Unique characteristic: cell walls have cellulose Ex. Plants
Kingdom Animalia
- multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: NO cell wall or chloroplasts; ability to move at some point, does cellular respiration Ex. Sponges - elephant
A. alien 1
Alien has one antennae, two arms, two eyes, rounded tips on feet. A. alien 1 B. alien 2 C. alien 3
Autotroph
An organism that PRODUCES its own food Types: 1) Photosynthesis = light 2) Chemosynthesis = chemicals
Heterotroph
An organism that canNOT make its own food = CONSUMES its food Cellular Respiration
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food
Heterotroph
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.
common in ALL cells
DNA, ribosomes, membrane, cytoplasm
Taxonomy
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?
Eukarya
Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals
Bacteria
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
Archaea
Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP
Energy molecule, made by mitochondria
D. V
Fish are labeled with roman numerals I-V The fish we want has a single dorsal fin, a rounded body, and a spot near the caudal fin. A. I B. III C. IV D. V
Phylum
Group of closely related classes
Class
Group of similar orders
Eukaryotic
Has a nucleus and enclosed organelles ; pairs of chromosomes ; more complex cells Ex. All plants and animals
Multicellular
MANY cells
C. epherosphinx
The insect has two pairs of wings, short antennae, long appendages handing off the tail. A. diptera B. procipertex C. epherosphinx
C. wala wala
The norn shown is a ........ A. beverclus B. yorkio C. wala wala
C. deerlus C
The organism has a tail, no ears,two eyes and double legs. A. deerlus A B. deerlus B C. deerlus C D. deerlus E
B. 5
The organism has black on its top, a white abdomen, a flat tail, two antennae, dark eyes. Top row = 1-8 Bottom row 9-14. A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8
A. glop
The organism we are looking for has two antennae, arms, and two eyes. A. glop B. blip C. not D. glip
B. 2, 6
The organisms are in numerical order from left to right. Which of the two dark backed organsims are probably closest related? A. 2, 12 B. 2, 6 C. 3, 6
B. 2
The organisms are in numerical order from top left to bottom right. The organism described is one eyed, dark grid on body, square shape on bottom of legs, dark circles on the end of antennae. A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 4
C. 8
The organisms are in numerical order from top left to bottom right. The organism described is one eyed, dark grid on body, triangle shape on bottom of legs, dark circles on the end of antennae. A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 4
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms
B. 2
The spotted goat fish has barbels, an elongated body and spots on its side, which fish is it? A. 1 B. 2 C 3 D. 4
D. C. aurigs
This fish has a small non visible spot near the filament. A. C. quadrimaoul B. C. intoulaus C. C. kleinil D. C. aurigs
B. thresher shark
This organism has a vertical tail fin, gill slits behind the mouth, and his tail is half the length of the body. A. nonshark fish B. thresher shark C. hammerhead shark D. killer whale
C. starflower
This plant is a ...... A.chickweed B. common strawberry C. starflower D. bowemans root
phag
eat
cyanobacteria
first photosynthesizers, bacteria
chloro
green
chloroplast
green organelle in plant cells that photosynthesize