Classification, Dichotomous Keys and Cladograms, Prokary, Eukary, Endosymbiosis Theory,Kingdoms

A. stallaria explodus

A candy is chewy, wrapped, not rounded, wrapper is not brown and white, and the wrapper is varied in color. A. stallaria explodus B. chocolatus cyaan C. saltus taffina D. ursa gennerias

D. ramaculus scotchus

A candy is hard,not spherical, wrapper is transparent, wrapper is yellow. A. ursa genneuras B. mandibulus crackus C. joyous rancheria D. ramaculus scotchus

Cladogram

A diagram that is based on patterns of shared, derived traits and that shows the evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

B. chickweed

A flower with five petals that are deeply divided would be______. A. starflower B. chickweed C. bowemans root

Archaebacteria

A group of microorganisms whose cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan and that typically live in extremely harsh environments.

Genus

A group of similar species

Clade

A group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its descendants.

Plantae

A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the sun's energy to make sugar by photosynthesis.

Animalia

A kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment.

Fungi

A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients

Eubacteria

A kingdom that contains all prokaryotes except archaebacteria

Cladistics

A phylogenetic classification system that uses shared derived characters and ancestry as the sole criterion for grouping taxa.

Domain

A taxonomic category above the kingdom level. The three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.

Kingdom

A taxonomic category, the second broadest after domain.

B. bull snake

I have a light colored snake, body is not greenish in color, body is not yellow, red or black. What do I have? A. green tree boa B. bull snake C. scarlet king snake D. cottonmouth

C. Star light

I have a mineral that is rough, has crystals, and is solid black. What is it? A. Loyd B. spike C. Star light

C. Bubba

I have a mineral that is rough, no crystals, and is black and gray. What is it? A. Loyd B. star light C. Bubba

B. 3

I have a species of insect with compound eyes that is blue and circular, they have entire margins, they have 25 feet. A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6

B. calligraphy pen

I have an ink pen tipped with metal without a ball tip, what is it? A. marker B. calligraphy pen C. ball point pen

Domain Eukarya

Includes: 1) Kingdom Protista 2) Kingdom Fungi 3) Kingdom Plantae 4) Kingdom Animalia

Domain Archaea

Includes: Kingdom Archaebacteria

Domain Bacteria

Includes: Kingdom Eubacteria

mitochondria

a DOUBLE membrane-bound organelle found in all eukaryotic cells that converts oxygen into ATP

chloroplast

a DOUBLE membrane-bound organelle found in plants and some protists; it serves to convert CO2 into glucose

Cladogram

a branching diagram showing the cladistic relationship between a number of species

protista

a kingdom of unicellular living organisms that are neither animals nor plants; includes some groups of algae, slime molds and protozoa

theory

a scientific explanation backed by evidence

Dichotomous Key

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish

prokaryotic

a type of cell that has a simple structure and lacks membrane-bound organelles

bacteria

all types are made of prokaryotic cells

pro

before

cyto

cell

kary

cell nucleus

cell theory

cells are basic units of life, cells come from cells, all living things are made of cells

phagocytosis

cellular eating

endosymbiotic theory

explains evidence for how prokaryotes gave rise to the first eukaryotic cells

mitochondria

power house, makes ATP energy

capsid

protein coat that surrounds genetic material of virus

ribosomes

small organelles that are the protein builders or synthesizers

membrane-bound

surrounded by a lipid membrane

cell membrane

thin lipid (fatty) layer that holds all contents of the cell

engulf

to take inside, "eating"

sym

together

Derived characteristics

trait that differs in structure or function from that found in the ancestral line for a group of species

eu

true

eukaryotic

type of cell that is complex with membrane-bound organelles including a DNA filled nucleus

animal cell

type of cell that never has a cell wall or chloroplasts

plant cell

type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and one large vacuole

HIV virus

virus that infects T-cells, white blood cells, in humans

bacteriophage

virus that infects bacteria

Fur and mammary glands

what characteristics do the mouse and chimp share that no other organisms on the cladogram have

Divergent evolution

when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time

Prokaryotic

No nucleus or enclosed organelles ; 1 chromosome ; everything is smaller/simpler

Unicellular

ONE cell

C. 17

We are looking for a brown beetle with long curved antennae, 6 legs, forelegs pointed forward, white spot on head. A. 2 B. 5 C. 17 D. 18

D. J

We are looking for a fish with a double dorsal fin, elongated body, black top of body, spotted caudal fin. A. E B. B C. H D. J

C. 1b, 7b, 9b

What is the classification trail for joyous rancheria? A. 1b, 7a, 8b B. 1b, 7b, 9a C. 1b, 7b, 9b

B. 1a, 2a, 4a

What is the correct classification trail for the killer whale? A. 1b, 3a, 5a B. 1a, 2a, 4a C. 1a, 2a, 4b

A. 1a, 2a, 3b, 5a

What is the correct classification trail for tutsus rollus? A. 1a, 2a, 3b, 5a B. 1 a, 2a, 3b, 5b, 6a

C. camarhynchus

Which bird is bird Z? A. certidea B. geospiza C. camarhynchus

A. 1a, 2a, 3b

Which taxonomic order classifies a calligraphy pen? A. 1a, 2a, 3b B. 1a, 2a, 3a C. 1b, 4b

C. 1b, 4b

Which taxonomic order classifies a mechanical pencil? A. 1a, 2a, 3b B. 1b, 4a C. 1b, 4b

D. darner and mosquito

Which two organisms are most closely related? A. human and goose B. goose and mosquito C. human and mosquito D. darner and mosquito

C. 2,3

Which two shapes should not be clasified with the rest of the group? A. 1,6 B. 2,5 C. 2,3 D. 4,5

endosymbiotic theory

idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotes engulfed by eukaryotes

endo

inside

bio

life

lysosome

membrane-bound organelle filled with enzymes that break down what the cell does not need anymore

endoplasmic reticulum

membrane-bound organelle where proteins are made and transported within the cell

Golgi body

membrane-bound organelle where proteins are modified, packaged and shipped

Evolutionary classification

method of grouping organisms together according to their evolutionary history

Molecular clock

method used by researchers that uses mutation rates in DNA to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently

cell wall

one main difference between animal and plant cells

membrane-bound organelles

organelles covered in a thin sheet of lipids that have a specific structure and function

virus

particle that encloses genetic material inside a protein coat (capsid) and sometimes a lipid envelope.

Taxon

Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name

Family

(biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera

Phylogeny

(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms

Kingdom Fungi

- (ex. Yeast) unicellular or (most) multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophic (decomposers) - Unique characteristic: cell walls have chitin Ex. Yeast, mushroom, fungus, rusts, molds

Kingdom Protista

- Extremely diverse / "junk group" - (most) unicellular or (some) multicellular - eukaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic Unique characteristic: plant and animal like cells

Kingdom Archaebacteria

- Live in EXTREME habitats (really hot, cold, salty, dark, etc...) - unicellular - prokaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: NO peptidoglycan in cell wall

Kingdom Eubacteria

- Live in many places on earth (bacteria that we think of) - unicellular - prokaryotic - autotrophic or heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: has peptidoglycan in cell wall - shape: circle, spiral, or rod Role: decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and human digestion

Kingdom Plante

- multicellular - eukaryotic - autotrophic - Unique characteristic: cell walls have cellulose Ex. Plants

Kingdom Animalia

- multicellular - eukaryotic - heterotrophic - Unique characteristic: NO cell wall or chloroplasts; ability to move at some point, does cellular respiration Ex. Sponges - elephant

A. alien 1

Alien has one antennae, two arms, two eyes, rounded tips on feet. A. alien 1 B. alien 2 C. alien 3

Autotroph

An organism that PRODUCES its own food Types: 1) Photosynthesis = light 2) Chemosynthesis = chemicals

Heterotroph

An organism that canNOT make its own food = CONSUMES its food Cellular Respiration

Autotroph

An organism that makes its own food

Heterotroph

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or substances derived from them.

common in ALL cells

DNA, ribosomes, membrane, cytoplasm

Taxonomy

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti?

Eukarya

Domain of all organisms whose cells have nuclei, including protists, plants, fungi, and animals

Bacteria

Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing peptidoglycan

Archaea

Domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain peptidoglycan

ATP

Energy molecule, made by mitochondria

D. V

Fish are labeled with roman numerals I-V The fish we want has a single dorsal fin, a rounded body, and a spot near the caudal fin. A. I B. III C. IV D. V

Phylum

Group of closely related classes

Class

Group of similar orders

Eukaryotic

Has a nucleus and enclosed organelles ; pairs of chromosomes ; more complex cells Ex. All plants and animals

Multicellular

MANY cells

C. epherosphinx

The insect has two pairs of wings, short antennae, long appendages handing off the tail. A. diptera B. procipertex C. epherosphinx

C. wala wala

The norn shown is a ........ A. beverclus B. yorkio C. wala wala

C. deerlus C

The organism has a tail, no ears,two eyes and double legs. A. deerlus A B. deerlus B C. deerlus C D. deerlus E

B. 5

The organism has black on its top, a white abdomen, a flat tail, two antennae, dark eyes. Top row = 1-8 Bottom row 9-14. A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8

A. glop

The organism we are looking for has two antennae, arms, and two eyes. A. glop B. blip C. not D. glip

B. 2, 6

The organisms are in numerical order from left to right. Which of the two dark backed organsims are probably closest related? A. 2, 12 B. 2, 6 C. 3, 6

B. 2

The organisms are in numerical order from top left to bottom right. The organism described is one eyed, dark grid on body, square shape on bottom of legs, dark circles on the end of antennae. A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 4

C. 8

The organisms are in numerical order from top left to bottom right. The organism described is one eyed, dark grid on body, triangle shape on bottom of legs, dark circles on the end of antennae. A. 1 B. 2 C. 8 D. 4

Taxonomy

The science of classifying organisms

B. 2

The spotted goat fish has barbels, an elongated body and spots on its side, which fish is it? A. 1 B. 2 C 3 D. 4

D. C. aurigs

This fish has a small non visible spot near the filament. A. C. quadrimaoul B. C. intoulaus C. C. kleinil D. C. aurigs

B. thresher shark

This organism has a vertical tail fin, gill slits behind the mouth, and his tail is half the length of the body. A. nonshark fish B. thresher shark C. hammerhead shark D. killer whale

C. starflower

This plant is a ...... A.chickweed B. common strawberry C. starflower D. bowemans root

phag

eat

cyanobacteria

first photosynthesizers, bacteria

chloro

green

chloroplast

green organelle in plant cells that photosynthesize