CLEP Questions (Study.com)

A healthy person pretending to have symptoms is called: A bipolar patient A somatic patient A pseudopatient A crazy person A quasipatient

A pseudopatient

A student who has difficulties with inattention would likely benefit from which of the following? A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions A social skills curriculum to help them develop their ability to effectively interact with their classmates A behavior management system which rewards the student for the amount of consecutive class periods they don't call out A chance to get up out of his or her seat and walk through the hallway two times each period

A seat in the classroom that offers minimal distractions

Leo is in the two-word period of linguistic development. He's able to say short phrases like 'play dog' and 'food mommy'. What likely age is Leo? A. 20-30 months B. 12-19 months C. 14-24 months D. 34-48 months

A. 20-30 months

How is sensory deprivation defined? A. A condition where a person receives little or no sensory input B. A therapy where a person receives only one type of sensory stimuli for one month or more C. A therapy where a person receives overstimulation of the senses D. A condition where a person loses one or more senses

A. A condition where a person receives little or no sensory input

How is psychopathology defined? A. A deviation from normal behavior or mental processes. B. A disregard for the rights, feelings or safety of others. C. A genetic disorder based on the 23 chromosomes. D. A consistent, normally developed personality.

A. A deviation from normal behavior or mental processes.

An adult who has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder will likely display _____. A. A disregard for the rights, feelings, and safety of others. B. Marked depression and anxiety. C. Severely impaired thinking, emotions, and behaviors. D. A severe disturbance in eating habits.

A. A disregard for the rights, feelings, and safety of others.

How are genetic mutations related to genetic disorders? A. A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder. B. A genetic disorder is a heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic mutation. C. There is no difference, they are synonymous. D. A mutation is a temporary change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder.

A. A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder.

Which of the following statements would Uri Bronfenbrenner agree with? A. A person's development is affected by everything in the surrounding environment. B. A parent's workplace is part of a child's macrosystem. C. A person's parents are the only things that influence their development. D. The economy and political system are part of a child's microsystem.

A. A person's development is affected by everything in the surrounding environment.

Why do adolescents often have shorter attention spans and less impulse control than adults? A. Adolescents' frontal lobes are not yet fully developed B. Adolescents have not yet mastered the ability to multitask C. Adolescents' hormones are not yet fully stabilized D. There is no evidence that adolescents have shorter attention spans and less impulse control

A. Adolescents' frontal lobes are not yet fully developed

Which of the following describes recent changes in the family systems found in America? A. Adults are having fewer children, there are more remarriages and there are more single parents. B. People are marrying earlier and staying married. C. People are having far more children once they learn about the impact of the nuclear family theory. D. People are living longer, allowing them to stay connected with their extended family longer.

A. Adults are having fewer children, there are more remarriages and there are more single parents.

When does labor end? A. After the the recovery period. B. When Braxton Hicks contractions end. C. After the baby is delivered. D. When the mother's condition is stable.

A. After the the recovery period.

What is a benefit of social play? A. All answers are correct B. Children improve their social skills C. Children learn to be considerate of others D. Children learn to take turns.

A. All answers are correct

Which of the following is a common sensory change that occurs with age? A. All answers are correct. B. Increased trouble focusing the eyes C. Reduced sensitivity to pain. D. Loss of visual acuity.

A. All answers are correct.

Which of the following is a condition that only occurs if an individual receives recessive genes from both parents? A. All of the answer choices are correct. B. Cystic Fibrosis C. Sickle Cell Anemia D. Tay-Sachs Disease

A. All of the answer choices are correct.

A person with high emotional intelligence is likely to do which of the following? A. All of the answers are correct. B. Establish positive relationships with others C. Further harmony and cooperation D. Use emotional information wisely

A. All of the answers are correct.

Jane just discovered that she is pregnant. She will visit her physician to learn how she needs to take care of her unborn child. Which of the following questions about proper prenatal care should Jane ask? A. All of the answers are correct. B. What things can be harmful to an unborn child? C. What should I do if my unborn child has been exposed to something harmful? D. How often should I visit the physician to monitor the progress of my pregnancy?

A. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following statements is true? A. All of the statements are true. B. There are many definitions of emotional intelligence. C. Emotional intelligence is based on a scale that ranges from high to low. D. Emotional intelligence is about the ability to reason and solve problems, based on the emotions we experience.

A. All of the statements are true.

. Which of the following is true about the placenta? A. All the answers are correct. B. It attaches to the mother's uterus and to the unborn child through the umbilical cord. C. It allows waste products to be eliminated from the fetus. D. It transfers oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus.

A. All the answers are correct.

How is an adult brain different from the brain of a fetus in the 9th month of pregnancy? A. An adult brain is bigger. B. An adult brain has the ability to react to sensations. C. An adult brain has a cerebral cortex. D. An adult brain is divided into major areas.

A. An adult brain is bigger.

Which baby displays an active or feisty temperament? A. An infant who is fussy and resists a regular schedule. B. An infant who sleeps and eats at the same time every day. C. An infant who feels uncomfortable in new situations. D. An infant who is constantly moving.

A. An infant who is fussy and resists a regular schedule.

Which of the following statements is true? A. An unborn child is physically and emotionally connected to its mother. B. An unborn child is unable to experience most of the things that its mother does. C. An unborn child is connected physically, not emotionally, to its mother. D. An unborn child is able to synthetize most of the nutrients it needs.

A. An unborn child is physically and emotionally connected to its mother.

Erikson's developmental stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt can be compared to which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A. Anal B. Phallic C. Oral D. Latency

A. Anal

How can discrimination learning be used? A. Any animal or human can be taught using discrimination learning. B. Only humans can be taught using discrimination learning. C. Only animals can be taught using discrimination learning. D. Any animal or human can be taught using discrimination learning, but they must be unsophisticated or beneath a certain age.

A. Any animal or human can be taught using discrimination learning.

According to educational psychologists, which parenting style is considered to be ideal -- most often resulting in children with high self-esteem, good social skills, and success at school? A. Authoritative B. Neglecting C. Indulgent D. Authoritarian

A. Authoritative

Sasha gets a low grade on her math homework. Normally, her parents would take away her allowance and explain why math is important. However, on this occasion, they listen when Sasha explains that she was distracted because she was ill, so they decide not to punish her. What kind of parenting style is this? A. Authoritative B. Neglecting C. Indulgent D. Mixed modeling

A. Authoritative

According to Erikson, at which stage does a child first develop a sense of independence? A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt B. Industry vs. inferiority C. Initiative vs. guilt D. Trust vs. mistrust

A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

How are autosomal genetic disorders different from sex-linked disorders? A. Autosomal genetic disorders occur in the first 22 chromosomes, while sex-linked disorders occur in the 23rd chromosome. B. Autosomal genetic disorders are always due to having an additional chromosome, while sex-linked disorders are always due to mutations. C. Autosomal genetic disorders can be due to chromosome errors or mutations, while sex-linked disorders are always caused by an extra chromosome. D. Autosomal genetic disorders occur in the first chromosome, while sex-linked disorders occur in any of the other chromosomes.

A. Autosomal genetic disorders occur in the first 22 chromosomes, while sex-linked disorders occur in the 23rd chromosome.

Why do social sciences allow for the use of assumptions and inferences? A. Because humans are easier to understand, predict, and control than chemicals in laboratory condition. B. Because humans are more difficult to understand, predict, and control than chemicals in laboratory condition. C. Because there are no ethical concerns involved in the study of people. D. Because results in the study of human development are simple and straight forward.

A. Because humans are easier to understand, predict, and control than chemicals in laboratory condition.

Why is the psychoanalytic theory of development not given as much attention as other theories? A. Because it is difficult to test and produces no objective evidence. B. Because it originated a long time ago and it is no longer valid. C. Because it places emphasis on childhood experiences. D. Because it depends on the insightful nature of the patient.

A. Because it is difficult to test and produces no objective evidence.

Why might a child who has parents who are over 6 ft. tall be under 6 ft. tall? A. Because the regression towards the mean theory states that when parents are at an extreme for a particular trait, the child will inherit the lower end of that trait to maintain the average. B. Because the variation in heritability is low. If the variation in heritability is low, a child will not inherit the parents' height. C. Because the child's grandparents are of average height, and the child inherited more of his or her height from the grandparents. D. Because the child's environment played a factor in reducing the child's height. Since the child's extended family members are of average height, the child will inherit the average height gene.

A. Because the regression towards the mean theory states that when parents are at an extreme for a particular trait, the child will inherit the lower end of that trait to maintain the average.

Why do women experience more contractions after the delivery of the baby? A. Because they must deliver the placenta. B. Because the body doesn't immediately realize contractions are no longer needed. C. It is a reflex of the uterus. D. Because this is how the uterus returns to its normal size.

A. Because they must deliver the placenta.

Why will identical twins always be the same sex? A. Because they share the exact same DNA. B. Because they came from the same egg. C. Because they came from the same sperm. D. Because mothers provide X chromosomes

A. Because they share the exact same DNA.

When does an infant exhibit long term memory? A. Between the ages of 17-24 months B. Between the ages of 6 and 9 months C. Around age 3 D. During the first year

A. Between the ages of 17-24 months

Which answer choice illustrates a person striving to become his or her ideal self? A. Boris trains five hours a day with the goal of becoming a professional cyclist and competing in the Tour de France. B. Grant and Katya like looking at photo albums of their children from babies to adulthood; they miss having children in the house. C. Amy belongs to the 4H Club and enjoys the camaraderie she gets from working in a group setting. D. Lamar decided to no longer work from his home office; he missed the personal interactions with his coworkers.

A. Boris trains five hours a day with the goal of becoming a professional cyclist and competing in the Tour de France.

How are infants similar to adults when grieving the loss of a loved one? A. Both infants and adults experience anxiety when they lose someone close to them B. They are not similar at all C. Both infants and adults feel secure in their attachments to their loved ones D. Both infants and adults misunderstand losing someone

A. Both infants and adults experience anxiety when they lose someone close to them

How are Freud and Erikson's theories of development similar? A. Both use similar age divisions and believe the unconscious is important. B. Both believe the oral stage is the first stage of development. C. Both emphasize biological forces in development. D. Both emphasize social forces in development.

A. Both use similar age divisions and believe the unconscious is important.

Harriet studies development and myelination in adolescence. What technique(s) is she MOST LIKELY to use in her research? A. Brain imaging B. Psychometric assessments C. Case studies D. Adolescents' IQ test results

A. Brain imaging

What is an example of constructive play? A. Building a city made out of blocks. B. Running around in the gym. C. Laughing with friends during recess. D. Having a pretend tea party.

A. Building a city made out of blocks.

How can a researcher increase the validity of a case study? A. By describing only what is being seen and avoiding making inferences. B. By making accurate inferences about what is being observed. C. By describing what is being seen and making a correlation with other studies. D. By making accurate hypothesis about what is being observed.

A. By describing only what is being seen and avoiding making inferences.

How is the sex of a child determined? A. By the type of sex chromosome contained in the sperm B. By either the sex chromosome of the sperm or of the egg C. By the type of food the father eats D. By the type of sex chromosome contained in the egg

A. By the type of sex chromosome contained in the sperm

Which of the following occurs during the preoperational stage of development? A. Children become inquisitive and use mental representations for objects B. Children begin to think in terms of conservation. C. Children begin to think logically about objects and events. D. Children understand that objects can be changed and then returned to original state.

A. Children become inquisitive and use mental representations for objects

Why is it important to foster creativity during adolescence? A. Creative potential can be maximized or diminished at this period of development B. Adolescents will get into trouble without a creative outlet for their energy C. Being involved in creative endeavors makes life more fun D. Adolescents must exhibit creativity in order to behave rationally

A. Creative potential can be maximized or diminished at this period of development

All of the following influence probabilistic epigenesis, EXCEPT: A. Culture B. Genetic activity C. Neural activity D. Environment

A. Culture

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Depression and anxiety do not have a genetic link. B. There is a genetic correlation between eating disorders, depression and anxiety. C. Eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have a genetic link. D. An eating disorder is any disorder characterized by a severe disturbance in eating habits.

A. Depression and anxiety do not have a genetic link.

All of the following are uses of a contingency table, EXCEPT: A. Determining how much the results differ from the mean. B. Summarizing categorical measurements. C. Observing the information obtained from categorical measurements. D. Recording the relationship between observed variables by listing observed frequencies.

A. Determining how much the results differ from the mean.

All of the following statements are true about developmental milestones in newborns EXCEPT: A. Developmental milestones determine how smart a child will be in the future B. Developmental milestones help determine if a child is falling behind in normal development C. Developmental milestones can signal missed phases in a child's development D. Developmental milestones provide a general guideline for how a child should be developing

A. Developmental milestones determine how smart a child will be in the future

All of these are examples of autosomal chromosome mutations except for which of the following ? A. Down syndrome B. PKU C. Huntington's disease D. Sickle cell anemia

A. Down Syndrome

Which of the following is an example of an autosomal chromosome error ? A. Down syndrome B. PKU C. Huntington's disease D. Sickle cell anemia

A. Down syndrome

Which of the following is an example of divided attention? A. Driving while talking on your cell phone B. Choosing to listen to music instead of watching the television C. Dribbling a basketball while switching hands D. Watching a movie for two hours

A. Driving while talking on your cell phone

Which of the following is NOT a type of damage theory? A. Endocrine theory. B. Wear and tear theory. C. Living theory. D. Theory of error catastrophe. E. Free radicals theory.

A. Endocrine theory.

What is the difference between the evaluation and enactment stages of the Social Information-Processing model? A. Evaluation is the decision on how to respond, and enactment is the response itself. B. Evaluation is the taking in of social cues, whereas enactment is the response taken. C. Evaluation is the physical response that is felt in taking in cues, whereas enactment is the meaning one gives to the cues. D. Evaluation is the meaning given to cues, whereas enactment is the physical feeling, seen or unseen, that comes from mental representations. E. Evaluation is the mental representation of cues, whereas enactment is a time to decide on a course of action.

A. Evaluation is the decision on how to respond, and enactment is the response itself.

Jared is a high school student who has never worked before, but he's thinking about getting a job as a lifeguard this summer. Which stage is he most likely in? A. Exploration B. Maintenance C. Growth D. Establishment

A. Exploration

Which of the following is true about fluid and crystallized intelligence as people age? A. Fluid intelligence decreases, while crystallized intelligence increases. B. Fluid intelligence increases, while crystallized intelligence decreases . C. Both fluid and crystallized intelligence increase with age. D. Both fluid and crystallized intelligence decrease with age.

A. Fluid intelligence decreases, while crystallized intelligence increases

A child with Asperger syndrome would likely experience difficulty in all the following situations EXCEPT which one? A. Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter B. Playing the role of a talking animal in a school play C. Participating in a group conversation without interrupting D. Understanding the sarcastic humor of a classmate

A. Following clearly written instructions to assemble a remote-control helicopter

How are psychological disorders influenced by genetic factors? A. Having a family history of psychopathologies puts a person in a higher-risk category for developing a disorder than a person with no family history. B. The only psychopathology that has a genetic influence is antisocial personality disorder, other psychopathologies only depend on environmental factors. C. Having a family history of psychopathologies does not have any effect on whether or not a person will develop a psychopathology because these disorders only depend on environmental factors. D. The only psychopathology that has a genetic influence is schizophrenia, other psychopathologies only depend on environmental factors.

A. Having a family history of psychopathologies puts a person in a higher-risk category for developing a disorder than a person with no family history.

Which statement best describes the contribution of Wertheimer? A. He incorporated the concept of Gestalt to explain perception. B. He noted the importance of perceiving individual parts. C. He emphasized the importance of separate perceptual elements. D. He originated the idea of the organized whole.

A. He incorporated the concept of Gestalt to explain perception.

Igor is bilingual because he speaks Russian and English fluently, but he speaks English with an accent. Which is likely the cause? A. He learned English later in life. B. He learned English as a small child. C. He doesn't understand the language. D. He didn't try hard enough to learn.

A. He learned English later in life.

Which of the following conditions is more common among males than females? A. Hemophilia B. Huntington's Disease C. Tay-Sachs Disease D. Down Syndrome

A. Hemophilia

Which of these is NOT a benefit of early childhood intervention to a child? A. Higher rates of incarceration. B. Lower teen pregnancy rate. C. Higher test scores. D. More likely to graduate from high school.

A. Higher rates of incarceration.

. All of the following are examples of environmental influences on gender differences, EXCEPT: A. Hormones B. Peers C. Media D. Parents

A. Hormones

If emotions are single emotions that are easy to define and mood is an emotional state, what is affect? A. Immediate emotional state B. How much a person can control their emotions C. How emotional a person is D. How quickly their emotions change

A. Immediate emotional state

How do Eastern cultures differ from Western cultures? A. In Eastern cultures, groups are valued over individuals. B. In Eastern cultures, property is valued over money. C. In Eastern cultures, money is valued over property. D. In Eastern cultures, individualism is valued over groups

A. In Eastern cultures, groups are valued over individuals.

Learning styles are the different ways people interpret, organize and represent ____, and are strongly connected to American psychologist Howard Gardner's theory of ____, which proposes that intellect is not ____ and that people can be 'smart' in different ways. A. Information; multiple intelligences; fixed B. Reality; multiple knowledges; innate C. Facts; experiential intelligence; culturally-based D. Experience; learning experiences; permanent

A. Information; multiple intelligences; fixed

. What is one way IDEA Part B different from IDEA Part C? A. It applies to older children. B. It authorizes schools to evaluate children to determine if the child has a disability. C. It allows children to learn in the least-restrictive environment, preferably with their peers. D. The concerns of the family and the child must be taken into account.

A. It applies to older children.

How does the study of human development help us understand developmental abnormalities in children? A. It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life. B. It helps us detect visual and/or hearing impairments at an early age. C. It tells us what children with developmental abnormalities should be doing at different stages of their life. D. It is typically concerned with the study of abnormal behavior.

A. It helps us understand what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life.

Which of the following is true of the scientific method in human growth and development research? A. It involves the same basic steps that occur in other areas of science. B. It does not allow room for inferences. C. It does not allow room for assumptions. D. Laboratory experiments are never used.

A. It involves the same basic steps that occur in other areas of science.

Which of the following is true of a genetic disorder? A. It is a condition caused by a defective gene or other chromosomal abnormality. B. It is a condition that must be linked to the X chromosome. C. It is a condition that can only be caused by an abnormal number of chromosomes. D. It is a condition that can only be caused by a mutation.

A. It is a condition caused by a defective gene or other chromosomal abnormality.

All of the following statements are true about secondary data collection, EXCEPT: A. It is also called data mining. B. It is derived from existing sources. C. It is often used to develop a framework for a research project. D. It involves collecting new data

A. It is also called data mining

Which of the following is true of a recessive trait? A. It is only expressed if a person has the trait in both alleles of their gene-pair. B. It is never passed on to the child of a person with the trait. C. It will always be expressed in a person who has the trait. D. It is always passed on to the child of a person with the trait.

A. It is only expressed if a person has the trait in both alleles of their gene-pair.

According to attachment theory, the parent-child relationship is important because: A. It lays the groundwork for all other relationships B. It has a strong correlation with a child's intelligence C. It helps the child adapt to diverse cultural contexts D. It is instrumental in how a child learns to speak

A. It lays the groundwork for all other relationships

Which of the following is an example of a developmental abnormality in children? A. Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age. B. Alexis broke his arm while he was playing football. C. Maria has myopia so she needs to wear eyeglasses. D. John got an F on a math test because he did not understand the way his teacher explained how to add fractions.

A. Jake's learning abilities as well as social interactions are impaired and less developed than those of other children of his same age.

Maria is taking an anatomy course where she needs to learn all the bones in the human body. Which component of analytical intelligence is she applying? A. Knowledge-acquisition B. Executive C. Automatization D. Performance

A. Knowledge-acquisition

According to Vygotsky, which of the following is true about the acquisition of meaning and understanding? A. Meaning is acquired as people interact. B. Meaning is acquired through behavioral reinforcement. C. Meaning is acquired individually through scaffolding. D. Meaning is acquired in a passive, reflective manner.

A. Meaning is acquired as people interact.

How can mistakes during meiosis affect human development? A. Mistakes during meiosis can lead to mutations or having an abnormal amount of chromosomes, which can lead to disease. B. Mistakes during meiosis can result in abortion because the germ layers are developed by this type of cellular division. C. Mistakes during meiosis only affect the sperm and egg cells so there is no effect on the development of the fetus. D. Mistakes during meiosis are usually repaired during mitosis so there is no effect on human development.

A. Mistakes during meiosis can lead to mutations or having an abnormal amount of chromosomes, which can lead to disease.

How does mitosis differ from meiosis? A. Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and the same genetic content as the original cell. B. Mitosis is cell division that produces the sex cells and doubles the original number of chromosomes. C. Mitosis is cell division that produces the sex cells and reduces the original number of chromosomes by half. D. Meiosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and the same genetic content as the original cell.

A. Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and the same genetic content as the original cell.

____________ refers to traits that are biological or inherited. A.Nature B. Nurture C. Genetics D. Hormones

A. Nature

Which is not an example of conscious control? A. Not getting upset B. Counting to 10 C. Walking backwards D. Meditative breathing

A. Not getting upset

Jessica's adoptive parents have antisocial personality disorder. Jessica's biological parents have no family history of antisocial personality disorder. How likely is it that Jessica will, like her adoptive parents, also have antisocial personality disorder? A. Not likely at all. B. A 100% chance. C. Highly likely. D. A zero percent chance.

A. Not likely at all.

Freud maintained that the psychosexual development of a person's personality occurs during which of the following key stages: A. Oral, anal and phallic B. Phallic, latency and genital C. Genital, oral and anal D. Anal, phallic and latency

A. Oral, anal and phallic

Which of the following is potentially a positive impact of technology on people's social and emotional development? A. People are able to connect with other people B. People tend to be distracted when using technology C. People are less connected with the real world D. People will forget how to interact with live humans

A. People are able to connect with other people

Which of the following is the recommended strategy for approaching the use of technology to mitigate potentially negative impacts, while enhancing potentially positive impacts on one's social and emotional development? A. People are able to connect with other people B. People tend to be distracted when using technology C. People are less connected with the real world D. People will forget how to interact with live humans

A. People are able to connect with other people

Emotional intelligence is about which one of the following? A. Perceiving, understanding and regulating emotions effectively B. Perceiving, understanding and regulating emotions under stress C. Participating in, understanding and regulating conversations under stress D. Applying the behaviors that come from having a high IQ to social situations

A. Perceiving, understanding and regulating emotions effectively

Which of the following statements would be in agreement with the Gestalt theory? A. Perceptual experience is more than the sum of its elements. B. Pieces of a puzzle take priority over the total image. C. Slowing image projection speeds the perception of movement. D. Single notes must remain constant to recognize an overall melody. E. Sensations rely on movement rather than static elements.

A. Perceptual experience is more than the sum of its elements

The Smith family has six members: two parents and four children. One of the four children is over 6 ft. tall, two of them are over 5 ft. tall but under 6 ft., and one is just under 5 ft. tall. The mom is 5'3 and the dad is 6'5. What accounts for this variation in height? A. Polygenic inheritance B. Y linked recessive traits C. X linked recessive traits D. Sex-linked inheritance

A. Polygenic inheritance

Mary likes to seek out problems, can hold conflicting ideas in her head, and understands abstract concepts. Which level of thinking has Mary achieved? A. Post formal operation B. Practical wisdom C. Philosophical wisdom D. Formal operation

A. Post formal operation

How are expressive language and receptive language different? A. Receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while expressive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language. B. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through writing, while receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech. C. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while receptive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language. D. Expressive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through writing.

A. Receptive language refers to the ability to communicate through speech, while expressive language refers to the ability to comprehend spoken language.

Which step in the modeling process requires that we are physically and intellectually capable of performing a behavior that we've observed? A. Reproduction B. Motivation C. Retention D. Attention

A. Reproduction

Sara and Jon's dad has a dominant Y-linked trait of large ears. Which of the following statements is true? A. Sara will not inherit her dad's large ears. B. Jon will not inherit his dad's large ears. C. Both Sara and Jon will inherit their dad's large ears. D. Neither Sara nor Jon will inherit their dad's large ears.

A. Sara will not inherit her dad's large ears.

All of the following statements about sensory deprivation are true, EXCEPT: A. Sensory deprivation has no relationship with brain development. B. Sensory deprivation can be used for therapeutic purposes. C. Sensory deprivation can be more harmful than a traumatic event. D. Partial sensory deprivation can be as harmful as total sensory deprivation.

A. Sensory deprivation has no relationship with brain development.

How is sex-linked inheritance defined? A. Sex-linked inheritance is when a gene that controls a trait is found on one of the sex chromosomes. B. Sex-linked inheritance is when a trait is X-linked, but not Y-linked. C. Sex-linked inheritance is when traits are controlled by more than one gene. D. Sex-linked inheritance is when a trait is Y-linked, but not X-linked.

A. Sex-linked inheritance is when a gene that controls a trait is found on one of the sex chromosomes.

Which of the following statements is NOT true, based on research by the U.S. Census Bureau? A. Single female-headed households are less likely to be poor than male-headed households. B. Black female-headed households are the most likely to be poor in our society. C. Black and Hispanic families are more likely to be poor than white families. D. Single female-headed households are more likely to be poor than male-headed households.

A. Single female-headed households are less likely to be poor than male-headed households.

The benefits of preschool include: A. Socialization and learning from peers B. Socialization and learning to share C. Learning to share and potty training D. Learning through play

A. Socialization and learning from peers

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Sperm cells have two sets of chromosomes. B. Meiosis produces sex cells. C. Mitosis produces two daughter cells. D. The genetic code translates our genes to proteins.

A. Sperm cells have two sets of chromosomes.

Lawrence is conducting a research study and she wants to know to which degree her results cluster around the mean. Which descriptive statistic should Lawrence use? A. Standard deviation B. Mode C. Median D. Range

A. Standard deviation

Four-year-old Ruby is able to maintain enough attention to watch a two minute video about the alphabet. What type of attention is Ruby displaying? A. Sustained attention B. Divided attention C. Selective attention D. Alternating attention

A. Sustained attention

If you are at an all-day conference, what kind of attention must you use to follow along? A.Sustained attention B. Selective attention C. Divided attention D. Executive attention

A. Sustained attention

What is dialectical thought? A. The ability to hold two conflicting thoughts at the same time. B. The competition between two ideas, where the stronger idea prevails. C. The competition between two ideas, resulting in a combination of the two. D. The ability to hold two thoughts about different subjects at the same time.

A. The ability to hold two conflicting thoughts at the same time.

How has natural selection affected our development? A. The characteristic behaviors that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection. B. The process of natural selection occurs from one generation to the next when someone inherits a developmental abnormality. C. The development of males is thought to be related to natural selection, but the development of females has not been affected by this process. D. There has been a natural selection for the genes related to developmental abnormalities.

A. The characteristic behaviors that occur during different developmental periods have developed through the process of natural selection.

What is moral relativism? A. The idea that morality does not come from an external source, but rather an internal one. B. Listening only to the parents or religious leaders for guidance. C. The externalization of one's moral compass. D. The idea that one should only follow the moral guidance of philosophers.

A. The idea that morality does not come from an external source, but rather an internal one.

Which of these describes the previous view on family research before the current work around family systems? A. The mother's relationship with the child had the greatest influence on the development of the child. B. Researchers felt that the development of families was random and varied from culture to culture. C. Men were the dominant force in the family, determining who had power and how much. D. The family operated as a system, working together towards shared goals.

A. The mother's relationship with the child had the greatest influence on the development of the child.

Unless the state of residence mandates early childhood education, who can best assess a child's readiness for preschool? A. The parent(s) or legal guardian(s) B. A pediatrician C. A licensed child psychologist D. The preschool staff

A. The parent(s) or legal guardian(s)

Vivian begins to show very clear signs of aging in her fifties, and dies at age 59. Why would it be reasonable to question her doctor's assertion that Vivian clearly aged and died based on the programming of her genetics? A. The probability that any one theory could satisfactorily explain the aging process is extremely unlikely. It is clear that both genetics as well as wear and tear over time play a role. B. The doctor is missing the obvious cause of Vivian's death, which must be disease processes. A person cannot die at 59 without an active disease process present. C. It has been proven that all aging is caused by wear and tear on the body over time. In this case it is clear that Vivian's body must have been subjected to extreme wear and tear. D. Though the doctor is correct in asserting that Vivian's genetics were programmed, he is overlooking the fact that Vivian must have been eating an unhealthy diet. E. The doctor's assertion is based on debunked ideas. It has been clearly shown that genetics do not play a role in aging or death.

A. The probability that any one theory could satisfactorily explain the aging process is extremely unlikely. It is clear that both genetics as well as wear and tear over time play a role.

While at preschool, a child might become potty trained by watching his/her peers go to the bathroom. What is this an example of? A. The zone of proximal development B. Learning by doing C. Neuroplasticity D. Visual learning

A. The zone of proximal development

Which of the following statements describes children's language development in Asian cultures? A. They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners B. They are more likely to learn language quicker than children in English-language environments C. They are more likely to be receptive-style language learners D. They are more likely to slowly learn language compared to children in English-language environments

A. They are more likely to be expressive-style language learners

What is goodness of fit? A. Using a style and method of parenting that works with a child's temperament. B. The one size fits all method of parenting each child in the family the same way. C. The right fit between a nanny and an infant. D. How the temperaments of siblings work with each other.

A. Using a style and method of parenting that works with a child's temperament.

All of the following statements are true about single gene-pair inheritance, EXCEPT: A. When a trait is inherited though a single gene-pair, there are five possible allele combinations. B. Single gene-pair inheritance refers to traits that are linked to only one gene pair. C. Single gene-pair inheritance is also referred to as Mendelian inheritance. D. One gene pair consists of two alleles.

A. When a trait is inherited though a single gene-pair, there are five possible allele combinations.

Which of the following factors influence the effect that a mother's health condition has on her unborn child? A. When it occurs, how long it lasts, and how severe it is. B. The only factor is the severity of the health condition. C. When it occurs, how long it lasts, and the mother's blood type. D. How severe it is, how long it lasts, and the mother's blood type.

A. When it occurs, how long it lasts, and how severe it is.

While every individual is different, what is generally true about the way women interact with one another versus the way they interact with men? A. Women share secrets and have deeper conversations with one another. B. Women tend to make friendships with other women around work. C. Women tend to make friendships with other women based on proximity. D. Women do not share their weaknesses with other women as often as men.

A. Women share secrets and have deeper conversations with one another.

Bill received a new toy ball. It was not round like all of his other toy balls, but oval. He had to _____ this new information in order to understand how to play with it. A. accommodate B. assimilate C. organize D. reorder

A. accomodate

What is defined as dealing with a new event in a way that is consistent with an existing schema ? A. assimilation B. accomodation C. schema D. disequilibrium

A. assimilation

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his first assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. E. equilibrium F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

A. children are active and motivated learners.

Learning refers to involuntary responses that result from experiences that occur before a response, what type of conditioning is this called? A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning

A. classical conditioning

Numerical descriptions of samples are called A. descriptive statistics B. inferential statistics

A. descriptive statistics

What is defined as the movement back and forth between equilibrium and disequilibrium that promotes development of more complex thought and understanding ? A. equilibration B. equilibrium C. disequilibrium D. schema

A. equilibration

According to Bronfenbrenner, the level that includes the setting that does not involve the person as an active participant, but still affects them is the ________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. chronosystem D. mesosystem

A. exosystem

Alex was passed over for a promotion at work. He feels his manager doesn't like him. Alex perceives the situational attributes as _____. A. external and uncontrollable B. external and controllable C. internal and controllable D. internal and uncontrollable

A. external and uncontrollable

Molly made a 65 on her first math test. She was annoyed by this grade and blamed the teacher because he was a lousy math teacher. After the next math test Molly was pleased with her grade of 98. She attributed her good grade to her intelligence and proficiency in math. Molly made _____ attributions for her first exam and _____ attributions for the second. A. external; internal B. internal; external C. stable; unstable D. controllable; uncontrollable

A. external; internal

The disappearance of a conditioned response A. extinction B. extinction burst C. spontaneous recovery D. stimulus generalization

A. extinction

Children who exhibit disorganized-disoriented attachment _____. A. have trouble trusting strangers and caregivers B. trust strangers but not care givers C. have trouble trusting care givers D. trust care givers but not strangers

A. have trouble trusting strangers and caregivers

When it comes to nature vs. nurture in relation to temperament, most psychologists agree ? A. heredity plays an important role in creating temperament. B. temperament is shaped by parents and their reactions to their children. C. the environment is the most important aspect of developing temperaments. D. temperament is equal parts heredity and environment.

A. heredity plays an important role in creating temperament.

If a woman has very similar personality traits as her mom, the amount of variation in _____ is high. A. heritability B. the environment C. intelligence D. complex traits

A. heritability

The amount of variability that is genetic in origin is _____. A. heritability B. a complex trait C. regression D. genetics

A. heritability

Sarah is very good at math and she won first place in a math competition at her school. She MOST likely has _____. A. high analytical intelligence B. low practical intelligence C. high creative intelligence D. high practical intelligence

A. high analytical intelligence

According to Erikson, at what stage does the focus of development shift to social bonding in order to establish meaning in one's life and assert individuality? A. identity vs role confusion B. industry vs inferiority C. initiative vs guilt D. trust vs mistrust

A. identity vs role confusion

Effort, Ability, and Attitude are examples of _____ factors. A. internal B. environmental C. uncontrollable D. external

A. internal

A politician who excels at remembering names, fostering cooperation and inspiring those around him exhibits _____. A. interpersonal intelligence B. linguistic intelligence C. logical intelligence D. intrapersonal intelligence

A. interpersonal intelligence

According to Rogers, self concept _____. A. is made up of self image, self esteem and ideal self B. includes self image, physical self and one's role in the family C. deals only with the ideal self and whether it is congruent or incongruent D. is when thoughts about ourselves line up with reality

A. is made up of self image, self esteem and ideal self

A person who learns mathematics better when they do a problem themselves instead of listening to a lecture utilizes _____. A. kinesthetic intelligence B. naturalistic intelligence C. interpersonal intelligence D. linguistic intelligence

A. kinesthetic intelligence

The five categories of sensitive periods are: A. language, order, sensory skills, motor skills, and social skills B. language, order, sensory skills, behavior, and social skills C. language, order, stimulatory sensitivity, motor skills, and social skills D. language, description, sensory skills, motor skills, and social skills

A. language, order, sensory skills, motor skills, and social skills

The type of cell division that produces sex cells is called _____. A.meiosis B. crossing over C. mitosis D. recombination

A. meiosis

Compared to an adolescent, an adult's self concept is _____. A. more developed and complex B. extremely difficult to measure and categorize C. very simple, one sided and frequently changed D. less realistic and often inconsistent

A. more developed and complex

Hormones that impact a child's behavior are considered _______ factors, while influences such as peers and parents are considered _______ factors. A. nature; nurture B. environmental; biological C. biological; gender D. nurture; nature

A. nature; nurture

According to Erikson, this stag encompasses the first year of life and defined by conflict between trust and mistrust, what is this stage called ? A. oral-sensory stage B. muscular-anal stage C. locomotor stage D. latency stage

A. oral-sensory stage

The conflict between trust and mistrust defines the ___________________. A. oral-sensory stage B. muscular-anal stage C. latency stage D. adolescent stage E. locomotor stage

A. oral-sensory stage

Which of the following represents the Vision point of view on the impact of digital technology on social and emotional development? A. positive impact B. anti technology C. isolating D. pessimistic

A. positive impact

The addition of something undesirable is defined as: A. positive punishment B. negative punishment C. positive reinforcement D. negative reinforcement

A. positive punishment

Howard Gardner theorized that people exhibit intelligence in _____. A. several different areas at different levels B. one of eight different areas C. eight different areas at high levels D. logic and math

A. several different areas at different levels

A conditioned response to a stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, but not exactly the same, is called _______. A. stimulus generalization B. spontaneous recovery C. neutral stimulus D. unconditioned stimulus

A. stimulus generalization

When a person returns to the workforce, it marks the _______ of retirement. A. Termination B. Pre-retirement C. Disenchantment D. Stability E. Honeymoon

A. termination

Perceptual grouping is best defined as _____. A. the idea that visual elements are organized into groups that form separate units of perception B. breaking down perception into smaller elements C. the grouping of visual elements to create motion the organized whole D. the perception of motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession

A. the idea that visual elements are organized into groups that form separate units of perception

According to Gilbert Gottlieb, the development of an organism is dependent on _____. A. the interaction of biological and environmental forces B. environmental forces alone C. neurological forces alone D. the interaction between neural activity and the placenta

A. the interaction of biological and environmental forces

A sensory threshold is defined as _____. A. the level of strength a stimulus must reach to be perceived B. how much we like a certain stimulus C. the changes in sensation that we experience with age D. the ability to perceive a certain smell

A. the level of strength a stimulus must reach to be perceived

William Damon's research supported Kohlberg's proposal that children who are in the gender consistency stage are also _____. A. thinking and acting in certain ways that are expected of their gender B. asking questions of their parents and teachers about why they think what they do about gender roles C. coming up with their own ideas about what their gender means D. not yet aware that their gender remains constant over time

A. thinking and acting in certain ways that are expected of their gender

Jose is in a casino. He sees his friends Amy and Sandra win money at a nearby slot machine. Amy and Sandra cheer and clap. Jose wants to feel the same excitement, so he sits down at a slot machine and begins to gamble. This is an example of _____. A.vicarious reinforcement B. self-efficacy C. positive behavior D. environmental interaction E. performance phobia

A. vicarious reinforcement

The first way to regulate your emotions is A. what you choose to engage in B. In how you talk C. In how you react D. Your response

A. what you choose to engage in

According to Erikson, adults have formed their identities and start looking for close, reciprocal relationships like marriage, if they cannot find such relationships, or can't keep them, they may start to feel isolated instead, this stage is best defined as what? A. young adulthood B. middle adulthood C. late adulthood D. adolescence

A. young adulthood

_____ is the ability to read, write, and speak in two languages. A.Bilingualism B.Linguistic C.Monolingualism D.Multilingualism

A.Bilingualism

Writing an essay proposing different solutions to an issue requires what kind of thinking? A.Divergent B. Complex C. Perspective taking D. Convergent

A.Divergent

Which of the following factors support the nativist theory of language development? A.The idea of universal grammar B. The wide variety in languages spoken around the world. C. The process of gradual language development. D. The speed at which children learn a language.

A.The idea of universal grammar

Maria is 70-years-old and it is hard for her to remember the details of her personal experiences. The memories of these experiences are referred to as _____. A.episodic memories B. long term memories C. working memories D. personal memories

A.episodic memories

How do adolescents and adults view social norms? Adolescents are more likely to engage in deviant behavior than adults because they care less about following social norms. Adolescents use social norms to help them understand and deal with the different life situations; adults are just beginning to navigate their way through experiences with social norms. Both adolescents and adults are likely to engage in deviant behavior in defiance of social norms. Adolescents face pressure to change behaviors to match their peer groups; adults face less pressure to conform to social norms.

Adolescents face pressure to change behaviors to match their peer groups; adults face less pressure to conform to social norms.

The first IQ test was developed by _____. Alfred Binet Carl Jung E.P. Torrance David Wechsler

Alfred Binet

Which of the following is not a reason to enter institutional care? Mobility issues Increasing health care issues Cognitive issues Personal care issues All are reasons to enter institutional care

All are reasons to enter institutional care

In which of the following examples can knowing preferred learning styles be helpful? A. When setting up a classroom B. When teaching a class C. When studying for a test D. All of the answers are correct

All of the answers are correct

Which of the following is true about the Theory of Learnable Intelligence? All of the answers are correct. It says a person can increase their overall intelligence. It describes three dimensions of intelligence. It says that some dimensions of intelligence can be changed.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following is the way that researchers challenged the notion that IQ declines after early adulthood? By suggesting that IQ tests have changed over the years and this could make data unreliable. By demonstrating that changes in IQ scores with age are due in part to a decline in physical ability. By showing that IQ rankings among similar groups are consistent at different ages. All of these answers are correct.

All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following can cause a mental disability? All of these can cause a mental disability. Biological factors Environmental factors Substance abuse

All of these can cause a mental disability.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for determining a child's IQ score? An IQ score can help with educational planning. An IQ score can identify whether a child will be prone to certain types of diseases in the future. An IQ score can identify highly intelligent children to help ensure they remain engaged in school. An IQ score can help identify a child who may need special education services.

An IQ score can identify whether a child will be prone to certain types of diseases in the future.

If one parent has a gene-pair of 'AA' and the other parent has a gene-pair of 'aa', what will the gene-pairs of their children look like? A. Their children could have gene-pairs of 'AA', 'aa', or 'Aa'. B. 100% of the children will have 'Aa' for their gene-pairs. C. 50% of their children will have 'Aa' gene-pairs and 50% will have 'AA'. D. 50% of their children will have 'Aa' gene-pairs and 50% will have 'aa'.

B. 100% of the children will have 'Aa' for their gene-pairs.

Which of the following people is likely to have the best memory? A. A 65-year-old woman B. A 24-year-old man C. A 2-year-old child D. A 15-year-old boy

B. A 24-year-old man

Which of the following is an example of habituation? A. All of the answer choices are correct. B. A child reacts differently to a new food than to a familiar food C. A child is disinterested in a new sound D. A child has a favorite toy that he or she plays with often

B. A child reacts differently to a new food than to a familiar food

Which of the following describes the child effect theory? A. Parents are not influenced by their children until they enter their teen-aged years. B. A child's behavior, attitude, and predisposition influence their parents' behavior. C. This effect takes place when a father and a mother decide to have a child, and it affects how they interact. D. The more children a family has, the more connected and together they will be.

B. A child's behavior, attitude, and predisposition influence their parents' behavior.

What is the difference between a cross-sectional study and a cross-sequential study? A. A cross-sectional study compares two groups at the same time, while a cross-sequential study compares more than two groups at the same time. B. A cross-sequential study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sectional study compares groups over a different period of time. C. A cross-sequential study compares two groups at the same time, while a cross-sectional study compares more than two groups at the same time. D. A cross-sectional study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sequential study compares groups over different periods of time.

B. A cross-sequential study compares groups at the same time, while a cross-sectional study compares groups over a different period of time.

A reflex score of two on the Apgar test means that the infant shows which of the following? A. A strong cry B. A grimace and cough or sneeze during stimulation of the airways C. Good color in body, but the hands or feet are blue D. No response

B. A grimace and cough or sneeze during stimulation of the airways

What is the second step of the scientific method? A. A researcher must conduct preliminary research to ensure this area has not been studied before. B. A researcher must develop a hypothesis that can be tested. C. A researcher must choose an area to research and learn about it. D. A researcher must disseminate the results of the study

B. A researcher must develop a hypothesis that can be tested.

The idea of the Language Acquisition Device, developed by Noam Chomsky, could be described as: A. The system followed by researchers to track the stages of learning universal grammar. B. A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language. C. A computerized system used to model natural language development. D. The ability of the nervous system to allow the correct production of speech sounds.

B. A specific area of the brain responsible for understanding the rules of language.

Which of the following is the best example of an academic situation requiring crystallized intelligence? A. A group project B. A test on memorized vocabulary terms C. A personal reflection D. A short answer test

B. A test on memorized vocabulary terms

Digital technology may inhibit the development of which of the following skills? A. Learning the alphabet B. Ability to draw conclusions C. Ability to identify everyday items D. Ability to put numbers in the correct order

B. Ability to draw conclusions

Who proposed observational learning? A. Sigmund Freud B. Albert Bandura C. Albert Einstein D. Ivan Pavlov

B. Albert Bandura

Perceptual development refers to the development of which of the following? A. touch B. All of the answers are correct. C. hearing D. smell

B. All of the answers are correct.

Why can it be more complicated to apply the scientific method to human growth and development research? A.Because human populations can be difficult to predict and control. B. All of the answers are correct. C.Because assumptions and inferences must be allowed. D. Because there are many different research designs to utilize.

B. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following best defines an anxious-preoccupied adult? A. An adult who exhibits a positive view of self and negative view of others. B. An adult who exhibits a negative view of self and positive view of others. C. An adult who exhibits a positive view of others. D. An adult who exhibits a positive view of both self and others.

B. An adult who exhibits a negative view of self and positive view of others.

Which of the following examples clearly shows how programmed theory differs from damage theory in the study of aging process? A. Smoking and drinking led to Barbara's death. vs. Barbara died of old age due to natural causes. B. Barbara aged and died according to her genetic timetable. vs. Stress wore down Barbara's cells and organs. C. Bad nutrition led to Barbara's death. vs. Cancer led to Barbara's death. D. An excess of free radicals led to Barbara's death. vs. Drugs and alcohol led to Barbara's death. E. Barbara died at the same age as her mother. vs. Barbara died according to her genetic timetable.

B. Barbara aged and died according to her genetic timetable. vs. Stress wore down Barbara's cells and organs.

Why is proper prenatal care essential to prenatal brain development? A. Because the fetus lacks the necessary components to build brain cells. B. Because brain cells develop at a fast pace. C. Because brain cells develop at a slow pace. D. Because the brain starts to develop on the last week of pregnancy.

B. Because brain cells develop at a fast pace.

Why is television likely to influence a child's socioemotional development? A. Because children understand that what they see on television is fake. B. Because children pay attention to what's on television. C. Because children like the characters they see on television. D. Because children find television entertaining.

B. Because children pay attention to what's on television.

Why are developmental outcomes difficult to predict? A. Because there are many people who have a nomadic lifestyle. B. Because development is the result of a complex process where the environment determines the expression of a person's genetic potential. C. Because development is the result of the combination of behavioral factors and nutrition, where certain nutrients determine the expression of a person's genetic potential. D. Because we do not have the necessary technology yet.

B. Because development is the result of a complex process where the environment determines the expression of a person's genetic potential.

Why is the embryonic period the most crucial part of prenatal development? A. Because during this period the cells are more susceptible to external damage that could lead to the dysfunction of one or more organ systems. B. Because during this period the cells begin to differentiate and prepare the foundation for the baby. C. Because during this period the embryo grows rapidly and any damage could lead to a miscarriage. D. Because during this period the embryo implants in the uterus and any damage could lead to a miscarriage.

B. Because during this period the cells begin to differentiate and prepare the foundation for the baby.

Why is experimental data collection a favorable method? A. Because it takes the least amount of time and is inexpensive. B. Because experimental data collection typically produces the most valid data. C. Because it only requires reviewing existing data. D. Because this usually consists of interviews, and it is easy to find people who want to participate.

B. Because experimental data collection typically produces the most valid data.

Why is it important to understand research methodology? A. Because when we use it we do not need to worry about our sample size. B. Because it helps us understand research limitations and properly interpret research results. C. Because when we use it we do not need to worry about research limitations and validity. D. Because it helps us to perform experiments faster, while making it more likely we'll get published.

B. Because it helps us understand research limitations and properly interpret research results.

Why is the microsystem the most influential environmental level in a person's life? A. Because it involves a person's cultural environment. B. Because it is the system where a person has the most direct contact with factors influencing development. C. Because it takes into account the time in which the person grew up. D. Because it includes the decisions that affected their life, even if they didn't make those decisions personally.

B. Because it is the system where a person has the most direct contact with factors influencing development.

Why is habituation important? A. Because it shows that the child can deal with stress. B. Because it shows that the child is learning. C. Because it shows that the child is healthy. D. Because it shows that the child can deal with extremely loud noises.

B. Because it shows that the child is learning.

Why is it safe to say that if Larry had always been more extraverted than Lindsay, that he will most likely stay more extraverted than Lindsay? A. Because most people change throughout their lives. B. Because most people stay in the same general level of a personality trait when compared with others. C. Because people move from one personality trait to another. D. Because most people do not change throughout their lives. E. Because people experience mean-level changes.

B. Because most people stay in the same general level of a personality trait when compared with others.

Why is natural selection an essential part of evolution? A. None of these answers are correct. B. Because natural selection explains how species adapt by changing their genetic makeup from one generation to the next. C. Because natural selection explains why species reproduce. D. Because natural selection predicts how long a species will survive. E. Because natural selection explains why certain species remain the same.

B. Because natural selection explains how species adapt by changing their genetic makeup from one generation to the next.

Why does physical bullying fall under the category of hostile aggression? A. Because most bullying is psychological rather than physical B. Because the main intent is to hurt someone C. Because most bullying is physical rather than psychological D. Because bullying can be a mix of physical and psychological

B. Because the main intent is to hurt someone

Zena is ten months old and pretty adventurous. She crawls and investigates as much as she can when her parents are around. If her parents leave the room, she becomes very anxious and even starts crying. As soon as her parents return, though, she quiets down quickly and returns to her curious self. Why is Zena likely to grow into an adult that will feel good about herself and others? A. Because this is an example of a secure infant-parent attachment style B. Because this is an example of a fearful-avoidant infant-parent attachment style C. Because this is an example of an anxious-preoccupied infant-parent attachment style D. Because this is an example of a dismissive-avoidant infant-parent attachment style

B. Because this is an example of a fearful-avoidant infant-parent attachment style

How can a cause and effect relationship be determined in a true experiment? A.By controlling only the influences that are being studied. B. By controlling all influences other than the ones that are being studied. C. By comparing our results with other researchers' results. D. By including only one variable in our experiment.

B. By controlling all influences other than the ones that are being studied.

When you summarize continuous results, the number that best characterizes the group as a whole is called the _____. A. Categorical measurement B. Central tendency C. Variability D. Continuous measurement

B. Central tendency

In Bandura's Bobo doll experiment, which group of children was the LEAST likely to imitate the aggressive behavior they observed? A. Children who saw the model behaving aggressively without any consequence B. Children who saw the model being scolded for their aggressive behavior C. Children who saw the model being rewarded with candy for their aggressive behavior D. All groups of children were EQUALLY likely to imitate the aggressive behavior they observed

B. Children who saw the model being scolded for their aggressive behavior

Who proposed that children are born with a language acquisition device? A. Vygotsky B. Chomsky C. Bandura D. Piaget

B. Chomsky

What is it called when the father's sperm fertilizes the mother's egg? A. Zygosity B. Conception C. Implantation D Fraternal

B. Conception

When visiting his family, we see Henry using a mental representation of a car and trying out pretend play. What substage of cognitive development is he in? A. Secondary circular reaction B. Coordination of tertiary reactions C. Primary circular reaction D. Use of reflexes

B. Coordination of tertiary reactions

How does dementia differ from Alzheimer's? A. Dementia refers to an increase in memory B. Dementia refers to symptoms; Alzheimer's is a disease C. Alzheimer's refers to memory loss symptoms; dementia is a disease D. Dementia is losing short term memory; Alzheimer's is losing long term

B. Dementia refers to symptoms; Alzheimer's is a disease

When does crossing over occur? A. During mitosis, when chromosomes interchange segments of their genetic material. B. During the formation of sex cells, when chromosomes exchange segments of their genetic material. C. During mitosis, when chromosomes duplicate segments of their genetic material. D. After the formation of sex cells, when chromosomes duplicate segments of their genetic material.

B. During the formation of sex cells, when chromosomes exchange segments of their genetic material.

Susan's math teacher always relates the current topic back to real world problems that the students have experienced. The teacher is helping the students to use _____ to increase retention of the material. A. Sensory memory B. Elaborative rehearsal C.Attending D. Encoding

B. Elaborative rehearsal

Which of the following classroom activities promotes gender equity? A. Reading books on leadership and governance with predominately male characters B. Engaging in-class discussion about stereotypes found in books and instructional material C. Conducting an assessment every three years to determine if stereotypical practices exist in instruction D. Allowing all girls to answer questions without raising their hands

B. Engaging in-class discussion about stereotypes found in books and instructional material

A random sample occurs when: A. A group in an experiment does not receive the variable being tested. B. Every individual in the group being studied has an equal chance of being selected. C. A variable is manipulated in an experiment. D. A variable is NOT manipulated in an experiment.

B. Every individual in the group being studied has an equal chance of being selected.

Infants who exhibit confused behavior when it comes to seeking comfort from parents are similar to adults with which type of attachment style? A. Anxious-preoccupied B. Fearful-avoidant C. Secure D. Dismissive-avoidant

B. Fearful-avoidant

When Kate's infant son cries or needs to be fed, anyone can soothe him, it does not necessarily need to be Kate or her husband. Which attachment stage is Kate's son currently in? A. Active proximity seeking B. Goal-corrected partnership C. Discriminating social responsiveness D. Undiscriminating social responsiveness

B. Goal-corrected partnership

When a child stops responding to stimuli, it is called: A. Learning B. Habituation C. Development D. Dishabituation

B. Habituation

An auditory learner prefers learning by: A. Real-life examples B. Having a class discussion C. Writing in a journal D. Studying an infographic

B. Having a class discussion

Which of the following statements about intellectual ability is FALSE? A. It is influenced by environmental factors. B. Highly intelligent children will always be born to highly intelligent parents. C. It is influenced by genetics. D. It has a significant level of heritability.

B. Highly intelligent children will always be born to highly intelligent parents.

Newborn Jessica has reached a developmental milestone. Which of the following behaviors did she LIKELY exhibit? A. Grasping an object placed in her palms B. Holding her head upright while lying on her stomach C. Being startled or surprised at the sound of a ringing bell D. Automatic walking when lifted up

B. Holding her head upright while lying on her stomach

The term 'sensitive periods' is associated with the following researchers: A. Maria Montessori and B.F. Skinner B. Hugo de Vries and Maria Montessori C. Hugo de Vries and Jean Piaget D. Maria Montessori and Jean Piaget

B. Hugo de Vries and Maria Montessori

An implanted embryo which has all three germ layers and some, but not all, of the internal organs formed, is in which period of development? A. In the middle of the germinal period. B. In the middle of the embryonic period. C. Between the end of the embryonic period and beginning of the fetal period. D. Between the end of the germinal period and beginning of the embryonic period.

B. In the middle of the embryonic period.

Which of the following is true about the scientific method? A. Researchers do not need to use data to use the scientific method. B. It allows for research to occur in an objective and systematic way. C. There are four steps involved in the scientific method. D. The last step of the scientific method is to make a conclusion based on the data you obtain.

B. It allows for research to occur in an objective and systematic way.

Which of the following types of cognitive skills does digital technology help to develop? A. It helps with the development of all types of cognitive skills. B. It helps with the development of simple, basic cognitive skills. C. It helps with the development of higher-order, analytical cognitive skills. D. It does not help with the development of any type of cognitive skills.

B. It helps with the development of simple, basic cognitive skills.

Why is it important for adolescents to have supportive friends? A. It influences their self-concept by making them less likely to be shy adults in the future. B. It influences their identity by giving them a sense of self-esteem and belonging. C. It makes them more popular at school, which is directly related to better grades. D. It makes them more likely to finish high school and enter college.

B. It influences their identity by giving them a sense of self-esteem and belonging.

All of the following statements are true about secondary data collection, EXCEPT: A. It is often used to develop a framework for a research project. B. It involves collecting new data. C. It is also called data mining. D. It is derived from existing sources.

B. It involves collecting new data.

Which of the following statements about pre-linguistic speech is FALSE? A. It involves experimenting in order to learn how to make different sounds B. It involves hand signals C. It is a form of expressive language development D. It involves babbling

B. It involves hand signals

How have beliefs about an infant's abilities changed over time? A. It is now believed that a newborn cannot hear at birth. B. It is no longer believed that newborns are blind at birth. C.It is now believed that a newborn cannot recognize its mother's scent. D. It is no longer believed that a newborn can recognize its mother's voice.

B. It is no longer believed that newborns are blind at birth.

How is the experiment called 'The Strange Situation' related to attachment styles? A. It proved that it was far too difficult to categorize parent-infant relationships. B. It led to the discovery of four styles of parent-infant attachment. C. It led to a new theory that focused on three styles of adult attachments. D. It led Bowlby to the conclusion that adult relationships are exactly the same as parent-infant relationships.

B. It led to the discovery of four styles of parent-infant attachment.

If a mother eats spicy food, how will it affect an unborn baby's characteristics? A. It will guarantee that a woman will have identical twins. B. It won't have any effect on the characteristics of the baby. C. It will guarantee that the baby will be a boy. D. It will guarantee that the baby will be a girl.

B. It won't have any effect on the characteristics of the baby.

Riley is two-years-old and is very sensitive to vocal sounds and mimicking. He repeats new words he hears and enjoys having stories read to him. Which sensitive period does Riley's behavior suggest he is in? A. Order B. Language C. Sensory skills D. Motor skills

B. Language

Which of the following statements is a critique of the nativist theory of language development? A. Language development is triggered by exposure to language. B. Language develops at a slower pace than the theory suggests . C. Language development is an innate ability that children are born with. D. All language follows universal rules of grammar.

B. Language develops at a slower pace than the theory suggests

Jerry is 67, which means that he is in: A. Middle adulthood B. Late adulthood C. Early adulthood D. None are correct E. Elderly adulthood

B. Late adulthood

Which of the following is NOT an example of discrimination learning in action? A. Children being able to distinguish their box among those of all their classmates B. Learning the mathematical formula for the area of a circle C. Pilots learning the difference between their instruments D. Children learning their ABCs by memorizing the letters

B. Learning the mathematical formula for the area of a circle

David Kolb's model of learning styles factors in a learner's: A. Level of interaction (doing vs. watching) B. Levels of abstraction and interaction C. Level of abstraction (concrete vs. abstract) D. Level of interest

B. Levels of abstraction and interaction

Which of the following is FALSE regarding changes in attachment styles over time? A. Changes in a view on relationships, such as experiencing an abrupt end to a long-term relationship, can cause a change of attachment styles. B. Most adults, around 70-80%, at some point in the time display a change in attachment style. C. Serious life events or circumstances, such as being diagnosed with cancer, can cause a change of attachment styles. D. A change in your beliefs, such as changing your religion, can impact your attachment styles.

B. Most adults, around 70-80%, at some point in the time display a change in attachment style.

How is neural intelligence different from reflective or experiential intelligence? A. Neural intelligence is a learnable intelligence. B. Neural intelligence does not change. C. Neural intelligence is based on your experiences. D. Neural intelligence can improve.

B. Neural intelligence does not change.

Every time young Haley says the word 'teddy,' she is given her favorite stuffed bear, which reinforces her understanding and continued use of the word for getting the toy. According to behaviorist theory, this is an example of: A. Information processing B. Operant conditioning C. Repetitive-style language learning D. Conditioned stimulus

B. Operant conditioning

Which of the following is potentially a negative impact of technology on people's social and emotional development? A. People are able to connect with other people B. People tend to be distracted when using technology C. People are less connected with the real world D. People will forget how to interact with live humans

B. People tend to be distracted when using technology

Erikson's developmental stage of initiative vs guilt can be compared to which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A. Anal B. Phallic C. Oral D. Latency

B. Phallic

Josh is talking with his teacher; each time the teacher is talking, Josh waits for him to stop before he starts talking again. Which component of language is represented in this example? A. Morphology B. Pragmatics C. Semantics D. Phonology

B. Pragmatics

How does preschool differ from daycare? A. Children in preschool have a longer day than children in daycare B. Preschool focuses mainly on academics rather than play C. Preschool is another term for daycare; there is no difference D. Daycare teachers are generally trained in early childhood education

B. Preschool focuses mainly on academics rather than play

What is another term for fantasy play? A. Imaginative play B. Pretend play C. There is no other term for fantasy play. D. Fairytale play

B. Pretend play

A friend tells you that her infant daughter often repeats reflexive behavior because she likes the outcome. What substage of cognitive development is your friend's daughter in? A. The use of reflexes B. Primary circular reaction C. Coordination of tertiary reactions D. Object permanence

B. Primary circular reaction

Rachel's mom has suffered from bulimia as well as depression and anxiety. Which of the following is true about Rachel? A. A Rachel might become bulimic but she will not have depression and anxiety. B. Rachel could not only become bulimic, she could also become depressed and have anxiety. C. Rachel will not become bulimic but she will have high chance of depression and anxiety. D. Rachel has zero chance of becoming bulimic

B. Rachel could not only become bulimic, she could also become depressed and have anxiety.

What was Little Albert conditioned to fear? A. Insects B. Rats C. Fish D. Birds

B. Rats

What is the difference between reflective and experiential intelligence? A. Reflective intelligence is a person's genetically determined ability. Experiential knowledge is knowledge gained through experience. B. Reflective intelligence is a person's ability to use their mental skills. Experiential intelligence is knowledge gained through experience. C. Reflective intelligence is knowledge gained through experience. Experiential knowledge is a person's genetically determined ability. D. Reflective intelligence is gained through experience. Experiential intelligence is a person's ability to use their mental skills.

B. Reflective intelligence is a person's ability to use their mental skills. Experiential intelligence is knowledge gained through experience.

How do you define cross-sectional research? A. Research studies that look at one individual or one group at one moment of time. B. Research studies that make a comparison of different groups at the same time. C. Research studies that show positive relationships, or relationships that change in the same direction. D. Research studies that look at one individual or one group over a period of time.

B. Research studies that make a comparison of different groups at the same time.

Which person's self image is an example of congruence? A. Laura thinks everyone at her new job dislikes her, when, in reality, her coworkers think she dislikes them. B. Rico helps his aging mother more than his siblings and feels he is the only one who is always there for her. C. Jamie believes he is the best hockey player on the team, but he rarely scores goals. D. Yvette sees herself as a great mother, but the only attention she gives her son is buying him gifts

B. Rico helps his aging mother more than his siblings and feels he is the only one who is always there for her.

Kayla has developed the ability to focus on one stimulus when presented with many stimuli. What type of attention does Kayla have? A. Divided attention B. Selective attention C. Sustained attention D. Alternating attention

B. Selective attention

Let's say you are at a loud sports game leaning in to listen to your friend talk to you. What kind of attention are you using? A. Divided attention B. Selective attention C. Executive attention D. Sustained attention

B. Selective attention

Which of the following is the BEST description of establishment? A. Creating career connections B. Settling into a career path C. Finding a wife/husband D. Discovering what one is good at

B. Settling into a career path

Baby Riley received a score of 6 on her first Apgar test. What does this indicate? A. This is a very low score and prompt medical attention is needed. B. She may need some assistance with breathing. C. Her future development will be impaired. D. This is a score in the normal range and she will not be tested again.

B. She may need some assistance with breathing.

Why are X-linked traits expressed more often in males than females? A. Since males have two X chromosomes, they only need to receive one allele for an X-linked trait to be expressed. B. Since males only have one X chromosome, they only need to receive one allele for an X-linked trait to be expressed. C. Since males have one X chromosome, it is easier for them to receive an X-linked allele. D. Since males have two X chromosomes, it is easier for them to receive an X-linked allele.

B. Since males only have one X chromosome, they only need to receive one allele for an X-linked trait to be expressed.

A child's self-esteem is affected by all of the following factors, EXCEPT: A. Receiving praise for accomplishments B. Spending a lot of time doing homework C. Being encouraged to communicate D. Receiving attention from parents

B. Spending a lot of time doing homework

Which of the following best explains the sociologist William Julius Wilson's explanation for the inequality black families experience? A. That poverty is the result of poor choices and pathological culture among black families. B. That poverty is the result of joblessness and overt discrimination and racism in the labor market and society. C. That poverty is the result of the changing family structure in black America D. That poverty is the result of a lack of work ethic among black men.

B. That poverty is the result of joblessness and overt discrimination and racism in the labor market and society.

Explain emotional intelligence. A. A form of intelligence that dictates a person's ability to negotiate with strangers and use subliminal persuasion B. The ability to understand and be aware of one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others C. A type of intelligence that allows a person to command dreams in REM stage and premonitions D. It is one of the multiple intelligences suggested and studied by Howard Gardner

B. The ability to understand and be aware of one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others

Which of the following is FALSE about intellectual ability? A. It is a complex trait. B. The environmental and genetic components that contribute to it can be easily separated. C. It is affected by a large number of different genes that each have a small influence. D. It has significant heritability.

B. The environmental and genetic components that contribute to it can be easily separated.

Which of the following best describes a major finding of the Moynihan report? A. Welfare promoted an increase in work as black families sought to to stop using welfare. B. The family structure of black Americans is very different from that of white Americans. C. Black families work harder than white families as the result of structural racism. D. The decreasing number of female-headed households in black America would eventually lead to a reduction in poverty.

B. The family structure of black Americans is very different from that of white Americans.

Which principle states that development proceeds from simple to complex? A. The cephalocaudal principle. B. The orthogenetic principle. C. The proximodistal principle. D. The growth principle.

B. The orthogenetic principle.

How is discrimination learning used in conditioning? A. It is used as a way to create different conditioning tests B. The subject is conditioned to respond to any noise in the same way. C. It is used to tell the difference between subjects D. The subject is conditioned to respond to one stimuli and ignore others.

B. The subject is conditioned to respond to one stimuli and ignore others.

All of the following statements are true about creative intelligence, EXCEPT: A. It is also known as experiential intelligence. B. The two types of creative intelligence are novelty and representation. C. It involves a person's ability to apply existing knowledge to new problems. D. It relates to the way a person approaches new information or a new task.

B. The two types of creative intelligence are novelty and representation.

How is object permanence defined? A. Learning to use mental representations for objects B. The understanding that objects still exist when they are out of sight C. Playing with the same object over a long period of time D. The belief that objects cease to exist when they are out of sight

B. The understanding that objects still exist when they are out of sight

Which of the following best describes the concept of concerted cultivation? A. The special attention that low-income parents give to their children to make up for a lack of financial resources. B. The way that middle and upper class parents provide their children with extracurricular activities and homework help. C. The way that low-income parents try to instill values in their children reflective of a higher social class. D. The way that the culture of welfare dependency is transferred to children as they grow up

B. The way that middle and upper class parents provide their children with extracurricular activities and homework help.

What happens when someone enters the Age 30 Transition (28-33 years)? A. They ask if they are living their dreams, and usually become depressed because they can't change their lives. B. They ask if they are living their dreams, and make changes to do that if they are not. C. They enter a stable time. D. They go back to younger tendencies.

B. They ask if they are living their dreams, and make changes to do that if they are not.

All of the following are ways parents can positively work with a baby with an active or feisty temperament, EXCEPT: A. They can do their best to keep the infant on a regular schedule. B. They can put the child to bed as late as possible to prevent them from waking up during the night. C. They can provide many activities for the child during waking hours. D.They can praise the child every time he or she is calmer or more regular.

B. They can put the child to bed as late as possible to prevent them from waking up during the night.

What is the major down-side to traditional company-run daycare centers for childcare? A. They may offer government subsidies to help with costs. B. They tend to have larger caregiver/child ratios than other childcare options. C. Due to the size of the company, they may have access to more and better equipment for children. D. They are licensed and regulated.

B. They tend to have larger caregiver/child ratios than other childcare options.

Why is it important that a child passes a rouge test for the first time? A.Passing the rouge test shows that the infant is able to respond to his or her name and recognizes his or her parents. B. This is a milestone that indicates that the child is able to recognize him or herself and is able to put him or herself in the mind of another person and how that person might view them. C. This is a milestone that indicates that the child has the psychomotor abilities needed to remove the rouge off his or her face. D. Passing the rouge test indicates that the child has properly functioning vision and that he or she is able to recognize his or her face.

B. This is a milestone that indicates that the child is able to recognize him or herself and is able to put him or herself in the mind of another person and how that person might view them.

Which of the following accurately describes a difference between Asperger syndrome and autism? A. Those with Asperger syndrome have a harder time learning. B. Those with Asperger's have normal or above average intelligence and language skills. C. Those with autism have more trouble with social interaction. D. Those with Asperger syndrome are physically graceful.

B. Those with Asperger's have normal or above average intelligence and language skills.

Which of Erikson's psychosocial stages can be compared to Freud's oral stage of development? A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt B. Trust vs. mistrust C. Industry vs. inferiority D. Intimacy vs. isolation

B. Trust vs. mistrust

A newborn yawns and stretches. This action is referred to as _____. A. learning B. a reflex C. a developmental milestone D. a response

B. a reflex

What is the process of dealing with new information or events by either modifying an existing schema or forming a new one ? A. assimilation B. accomodation C. schema D. disequilibrium

B. accomodation

Stranger anxiety would MOST likely be at its highest if an infant was seated _____. A. with other children at daycare B. across from the mother at the doctor's office C. on the mother's lap at the doctor's office D. on the mother's lap in the home

B. across from the mother at the doctor's office

Henry likes going out and being with people. He is: A. open to new experiences. B. an extravert. C. neurotic. D. conscientious. E. agreeable.

B. an extravert.

According to Freud, at what stage does a child develop a sense of independence ? A. oral stage B. anal stage C. latency stage D. genital stage

B. anal stage

The first recognizable brain structure to form is the _____, in the _____ trimester. A. neural tube, second B. cerebral cortex, first C. cerebral cortex, third D. neural tube, third

B. cerebral cortex, first

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his second assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. E. equilibrium F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

B. children construct knowledge from their experiences.

Bandura's study involving young children and a Bobo doll revealed that: A. children are naturally violent when playing with dolls. B. children exposed to a model treating a doll aggressively learned aggressive behavior through imitation. C. when left alone, children preferred to play with dolls over blocks. D. aggressive behavior from adults toward toys had no impact on children's behaviors with toys

B. children exposed to a model treating a doll aggressively learned aggressive behavior through imitation.

Knowing that someone grew up before TVs existed is an example of understanding someone based on their _____. A. macrosystem B. chronosystem C. exosystem D. mesosystem

B. chronosystem

What are the five conditions evaluated by the Apgar test? A. respiration, muscle tone, heart rate, movement, reflexes B. color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, respiration C. blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, reflexes, muscle tone D. reflexes, color, movement, heart rate, respiration

B. color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, respiration

A trait that is influenced by many different genetic and environmental factors is known as a(an) _____ trait. A. changing B. complex C.static D. variable

B. complex

Test scores and how long it takes to complete a task are examples of ___________ . A. categorical measurements B. continuous measurements C. standard deviations D. range measurements

B. continuous measurements

The three broad categories of temperaments are _____. A. angry, excitable, shy. B. difficult, excitable, slow-to-warm-up. C. angry, easy, shy. D. difficult, easy, slow-to-warm-up.

B. difficult, excitable, slow-to-warm-up.

An infant's crying, cooing, and smiling behaviors are intended to _____. A. foster the child's social development B. ensure the child's needs for safety and comfort get met C. entertain other family members D. confirm the child is developing at a normal pace

B. ensure the child's needs for safety and comfort get met

What is defined as the state when learners can explain new events with existing schemas ? A. equilibration B. equilibrium C. disequilibrium D. schema

B. equilibrium

The belief that personal actions will not affect a situation or behavior is indicative of _____ locus of control beliefs. A. stable B. external C. internal D. controllable

B. external

The initial increase in a conditioned response when reinforcement is stopped, this can be best defined as: A. extinction B. extinction burst C. spontaneous recovery D. stimulus generalization

B. extinction burst

Reflexes in a newborn are important because they indicate _____. A. above average intelligence B. good neurological health C. potential athleticism D. good cardiovascular health

B. good neurological health

The component of language that involves two parts, syntax and morphology is known as _____ development. A. pragmatic B. grammatical C. speech D. semantic

B. grammatical

According to Erikson, at what stage do children begin to demonstrate their ability to succeed? A. identity vs role confusion B. industry vs inferiority C. initiative vs guilt D. trust vs mistrust

B. industry vs inferiority

A person with a heightened self-awareness has a high level of _____ . A. interpersonal intelligence B. intrapersonal intelligence C .naturalistic intelligence D. bodily intelligence

B. intrapersonal intelligence

According to Bronfenbrenner, the level that includes the person and the one in which they have direct contact is the ________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. chronosystem D. mesosystem

B. microsystem

According to Erikson, adults at this stage, typically between ages 40 and 65, start to wonder if they've really don enough with their lives, and if they've produced things of value. This stage is best defined as what ? A. young adulthood B. middle adulthood C. late adulthood D. adolescence

B. middle adulthood

According to Erikson, this stage is defined by the conflict between autonomy and shame and doubt, what is stage called? A. oral-sensory stage B. muscular-anal stage C. locomotor stage D. latency stage

B. muscular-anal stage

The removal of something pleasing is defined as : A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

B. negative punishment

When something undesirable is removed whenever a behavior is displayed, is defined as: A, positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

B. negative reinforcement

If a dog is given a treat every time it sits in response to the command 'sit,' then exhibits stimulus generalization by sitting when another person asks the dog to sit, what type of conditioning is this? A. observational B. operant C. classical D. discriminatory

B. operant

Learning refers to changes in behavior as a result of experiences that occur after a response, what type of conditioning is this called? A. classical conditioning B. operant conditioning

B. operant conditioning

Gestalt means _____. A. elemental perception B. organized whole C. perceptual grouping D. organized pieces E. perceptual organization

B. organized whole

According to Freud, at what stage does a child identify with the same-sex parent and develops self esteem ? A. oral stage B. phallic stage C. latency stage D. genital stage

B. phallic stage

When a person has negative views of retirement and believes it is far off, they are in the _______ stage. A. Reorientation B. Pre-retirement C. Disenchantment D. Stability E. Honeymoon

B. pre-retirement

The attachment theory is based on _____. A. social-emotional, evolutionary and ethological theories B. psychoanalytic, evolutionary and ethological theories C. psychoanalytic, evolutionary and behavioral theories D. anthropologic, evolutionary and ethological theories

B. psychoanalytic, evolutionary and ethological theories

Brandon is a toddler whose vocabulary consists of labels, such as 'doggie' for all four-legged animals and 'ball' for anything round. His neighbor Cara, who is a few months older, says 'thank you' when given something, and 'good doggie' when she sees the family pet respond to a command. Brandon exhibits the _____ language style, while Cara is developing _____ language. A. expressive; referential B. referential; expressive C. receptive; social D. social; receptive

B. referential; expressive

Alice drops off her daughter, Kate, every morning at the daycare near their house. Even though Kate has been going to the daycare for almost four months, she clings to Alice's leg, cries hysterically, and refuses to walk in. Kate is suffering from _____. A. disorganized attachment B. separation anxiety C. stranger anxiety D. avoidant attachment

B. separation anxiety

During an experiment, you see a picture of a car flash on the left side of the screen, then the same car flashes on the right side of the screen. These images create the illusion that the car is moving. This is an example of _____. A. perceptual grouping B. the phi phenomenon C. the apple tree D. the idea of Gestalt

B. the phi phenomenon

According to Ainsworth's research, the least common form of attachment, seen in only 10% of the population, involves children who are _____. A. uncomfortable with strangers, but confused when their parents return B. unhappy when their parents leave, but also unsure about seeking comfort when they return C. upset when their parents leave and easily calmed when they return D. uninterested in playing and unconcerned when their parents leave or return

B. unhappy when their parents leave, but also unsure about seeking comfort when they return

. The struggle between intimacy and isolation is most common during the _____ A. middle adulthood stage B. young adulthood stage C. adolescent stage D. late adulthood stage E. latency stage

B. young adulthood stage

Juan is dyslexic and has trouble with learning both English and Spanish. What kind of influence is this and what kind of impact is it having on his language development? A.External positive B.Internal negative C.External negative D.Internal positive

B.Internal negative

How does egocentrism evolve through the stages of development? A. It is formed in the concrete operational stage and then disappears. B. It first appears in the pre-operational stage, subsides in the concrete operational stage, and re-appears in the formal operational stage. C.It is formed early in the pre-operational stage and stays the same level throughout a person's life. D. It does not show up until later in teenagers' lives, after the concrete operational stage.

B.It first appears in the pre-operational stage, subsides in the concrete operational stage, and re-appears in the formal operational stage.

Jane always finds herself obsessing over the smallest imperfection every time she walks past a mirror. She notices the tiniest pimple, or the smallest blemish even if it is not noticeable to anyone else. All of Jane's friends and family do not see the flaws that she sees when she looks in the mirror. Based on the example above, Jane most likely suffers from: Bulimia Body dysmorphic disorder Anorexia Anxiety

Body dysmorphic disorder

How are the effects of physical disabilities and chronic illnesses similar? Both cause the same symptoms. Both lead to physical limitations, higher socioeconomic status and a higher level of education. Both are usually recovered from within a week or two. Both lead to physical limitations, lower socioeconomic statuses, emotional challenges and high medical costs.

Both lead to physical limitations, lower socioeconomic statuses, emotional challenges and high medical costs.

Chelsea frequently overindulges in her food choices, which leaves her feeling ashamed of the possible weight she could gain. In order to not worry about the excessive amount of calories she has consumed, she makes herself throw up. Which of the following eating disorders does Chelsea suffer from? Conversion disorder Body dysmorphic disorder Anorexia Bulimia

Bulimia

How can severe malnutrition early in life impact intelligence? By affecting physical development. By affecting the genes. By affecting the environment. By affecting neurological development.

By affecting neurological development.

Estimate the attention span of a 5-year-old child. A. 5 to 8 minutes B. 40 to 50 minutes C. 10 to 15 minutes D. 25 to 35 minutes

C. 10 to 15 minutes

. Which of the following describes the child effect theory? A. The more children a family has, the more connected and together they will be. B. Parents are not influenced by their children until they enter their teen-aged years. C. A child's behavior, attitude, and predisposition influence their parents' behavior. D. This effect takes place when a father and a mother decide to have a child, and it affects how they interact.

C. A child's behavior, attitude, and predisposition influence their parents' behavior

How are genetic mutations related to genetic disorders? A. A genetic disorder is a heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic mutation. B. A mutation is a temporary change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder. C. A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder. D. There is no difference, they are synonymous.

C. A mutation is a permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that can result in a genetic disorder.

What is the definition of central tendency? A. The single score that occurs the most often is a group. B. The midpoint of the distribution of scores. C. A number that best characterizes the group as a whole. D. The true mathematical average of a group.

C. A number that best characterizes the group as a whole.

Which of the following statements is true about personality? A. A person is either neurotic or agreeable. B. People's personalities don't change over time. C. A person's personality is a combination of all 5 personality traits. D. A person is only one of the 5 personality traits. E. A person is either conscientious or extraverted.

C. A person's personality is a combination of all 5 personality traits.

What is a self concept? A. The way we describe our interactions with others. B. The way other people view us, and how it impacts the way we see ourselves. C. A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves.A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves. D. Our values, beliefs and life goals.

C. A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves.A set of abilities and opinions by which we describe and categorize ourselves.

Which of the following describes recent changes in the family systems found in America? A. People are living longer, allowing them to stay connected with their extended family longer. B. People are marrying earlier and staying married. C. Adults are having fewer children, there are more remarriages and there are more single parents. D. People are having far more children once they learn about the impact of the nuclear family theory.

C. Adults are having fewer children, there are more remarriages and there are more single parents.

Why did Ainsworth conduct the Strange Situation study? A. Ainsworth wanted to create a procedure to help caregivers of infants with separation anxiety. B. Ainsworth wanted to see how school age children reacted to strangers. C. Ainsworth wanted to measure the quality of attachment between an infant and his or her parents. D. Ainsworth wanted to measure the level of separation anxiety exhibited by adults after dropping off their children.

C. Ainsworth wanted to measure the quality of attachment between an infant and his or her parents.

Negative emotional regulatory behaviors can include things like A. Bottling up/denial of emotions being felt B. Drinking or doing drugs C. All answers are correct D. Lashing out at others

C. All answers are correct

Jane is two days old. What is true about this newborn? A. Jane can focus on objects 7-18 inches away. B. Jane will detect her mother's voice as a familiar one. C. All of the answer choices are correct. D. Jane can smell the difference between her mother's breast milk and formula.

C. All of the answer choices are correct.

Social class is determined by which of the following? A. Income B. Education C. All of the answers are correct. D. Occupation

C. All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following could be a cause of sensory deprivation? A. An exaggerated response to sounds B. Faster than normal brain development C. An inability to process sensory input properly D. An improved ability to detect sensory input

C. An inability to process sensory input properly

At age 26, Sergio has had several romantic relationships that failed due to his jealousy and overdependence. Which of the following is a possible explanation for Sergio's behavior? A. As an infant, he developed internal working models that everyone around him should love him B. As an infant, he developed internal working models that suggest that others can be trusted C. As an infant, he was insecurely-attached and received little attention or was abused D. As an infant, he was securely-attached and received attention and care

C. As an infant, he was insecurely-attached and received little attention or was abused

Why is the Early Adult Transition (age 17-22) stage important? A.Because during this stage adults start questioning their lives and are prone to making poor decisions B.Because during this stage adults start questioning if they are following their dreams C. Because during this stage adults start planning their futures and make important life-changing decisions D. Because during this stage adults start questioning everything their parents taught them

C. Because during this stage adults start planning their futures and make important life-changing decisions

According to evolutionary developmental psychology, why are people better able to learn to identify animals tracks than car parts? A. Because people are more exposed to animal tracks than car parts. B. Because cars are more complex than animals. C. Because identifying animal tracks was part of our ancestral development. D. Because there is more variety in car parts than in animal tracks. E. Because animal tracks are bigger than most car parts.

C. Because identifying animal tracks was part of our ancestral development.

Why is good data collection important? A. Because retrieving good data will eliminate the need to conduct a statistical analysis. B. Because retrieving good data will eliminate the need to use a scientific research method. C. Because inaccurate data collection can alter the results of the research and even lead to invalid results. D. Because good data collection always reduces the amount of time needed for analysis.

C. Because inaccurate data collection can alter the results of the research and even lead to invalid results.

Why is it important that the scientific method is used in human growth and development research? A. Because it allows for much more predictable results in human growth and development research. B. All the answers are correct. C. Because it allows research to occur in an objective and systematic way to achieve significant results. D. Because it is the protocol in place for research studies.

C. Because it allows research to occur in an objective and systematic way to achieve significant results.

Why is it difficult for researchers to fully understand schizophrenia's genetic link? A. Because people who suffer from schizophrenia usually die before researchers can analyze their cases, so there is very little data available. B. Because most people with schizophrenia also suffer from several other health conditions so it is difficult to make medical studies on them. C. Because no gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder and the role of the environment in this disease is not known. D. Because there is one single gene responsible for this disease and the researchers want to know how it is regulated.

C. Because no gene has been identified as responsible for the disorder and the role of the environment in this disease is not known.

Why are most stages of development described as occurring within an age range rather than at a specific time? A. Because an age range is easier to understand than a specific time. B. Because scientists have agreed to describe it that way. C. Because there are normal individual differences in the rates of development. D. Because more research is needed to know the specific times of development.

C. Because there are normal individual differences in the rates of development.

Why are Y-linked traits only inherited by males? A. Because men have three Y chromosomes. B. Because women have two Y chromosomes, so the traits are not expressed. C. Because women do not have Y chromosomes. D. Because men have two Y chromosomes, so the traits are more easily passed to the next generation.

C. Because women do not have Y chromosomes.

Community-based health care is also sometimes called: A. Affordable care at home B. None are correct C. CBHC D. CHC E. Locally-based health services

C. CBHC

What is the purpose of social referencing? A. Children learn how to use references. B. Children learn how to engage in negotiation processes. C. Children learn how to respond emotionally. D. Parents learn how to respond to their children emotionally.

C. Children learn how to respond emotionally.

What does digital technology refer to? A.Thinking technology B. Analog technology C. Computer technology D. Manual technology

C. Computer technology

What is the main function of neurons? A. Providing oxygen, vitamins, and minerals to the fetus during pregnancy. B. Transporting blood to and from the placenta. C. Conducting electrical impulses to and from the nervous system. D. Forming the umbilical cord and placenta.

C. Conducting electrical impulses to and from the nervous system.

Which of the following is TRUE of newborn learning? A. Newborns learn very little because their brains are not fully developed B. Most newborn learning comes from sensory input C. Controlled sensory input creates the best learning environment D. Formal instruction is needed in newborn learning

C. Controlled sensory input creates the best learning environment

What does IDEA Part C require all schools do? A. Create an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) that puts all the family's cell phones on one plan. B. Create an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for every child that is a bully. C. Create an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for each child with a disability or developmental delay. D. Create an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for children whose creative writing is disturbing.

C. Create an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) for each child with a disability or developmental delay.

How is developmental abnormality defined ? A. Development that varies from what most children should be capable of doing at different stages of their life B. Development that causes difficulty with social interactions. C.Development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers. D. Development that shows a persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity.

C. Development that is significantly delayed or different from that of peers.

Which of the following statements is true about difficult infants? A. Difficult babies are more likely to need psychotherapy as adults. B. Difficult babies are not liked by most people they encounter. C. Difficult babies are unique individuals with their own strengths, and parents need to be responsive to their needs. D. Difficult babies follow predictable feeding schedules.

C. Difficult babies are unique individuals with their own strengths, and parents need to be responsive to their needs.

Which of the following lists the four stages James Marcia outlined for identity status, in the correct order? A. Differentiation, Confusion, Clarity, Settling B. Searching, Choosing, Discovery, Identification C. Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achievement D. Achievement, Foreclosure, Diffusion, Moratorium

C. Diffusion, Foreclosure, Moratorium, Achievement

When a child pays attention to a stimulus again after something is changed, it is called: A. Development B. Habituation C. Dishabituation D. Learning

C. Dishabituation

Which of the following is the correct order of the germ layers from the outside to the inside? A.Endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm. B. Mesoderm, ectoderm, endoderm. C. Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm. D. Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm.

C. Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

Rachel is a team leader at work. Her company is looking to make some major changes, and wants Rachel's input on developing a couple of different plans. Which type of intelligence would be most helpful for Rachel in this situation? A. Situational Intelligence B. Crystallized Intelligence C. Fluid Intelligence D. Convergent Intelligence

C. Fluid Intelligence

Why are games with rules helpful to children? A. Games with rules are fun for children of all ages. B. Games with rules are more interesting to children than basic play. C. Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules. D. Games with rules help children develop motor skills better than any other play.

C. Games with rules help children learn how to follow life's rules.

Josh is 3.5 years old. He realizes that he is a male, but he plays with dolls and other 'girl toys' once in a while. Josh is at which stage of Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory? A. Gender schema B. Gender consistency C. Gender identity D. Gender stability

C. Gender identity

Erikson's developmental stage of identity vs role confusion can be compared to which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A. Anal B. Phallic C. Genital D. Latency

C. Genital

What are the benefits of in-home childcare? A. Being a familiar environment for the child and being cost effective. B. Being a familiar environment for the child and being convenient for the parent C. Having a low caregiver-to-child ratio and being a familiar environment for the child D. Being cost effective and being convenient for the parent

C. Having a low caregiver-to-child ratio and being a familiar environment for the child

If Sam carries two recessive alleles for the trait of blue eyes _____. A. He will not express the trait of brown eyes but will be a carrier for it. B. He will express the trait of brown eyes but will not a carrier for it. C. He will not express the trait of brown eyes nor will he be a carrier for it. D. He will express the trait of brown eyes and will be a carrier for it.

C. He will not express the trait of brown eyes nor will he be a carrier for it.

. How is self-esteem related to social development? A. It causes social development to take place more slowly. B. Lower self-esteem frequently leads to positive interactions with others, which then keeps the self-esteem low. C. Healthy self-esteem can lead to positive interactions with others, and positive interactions lead to higher self-esteem D. All are correct, it depends on the child's personal experience.

C. Healthy self-esteem can lead to positive interactions with others, and positive interactions lead to higher self-esteem

Dawn has had frequent problems with her body's inability to clot blood properly. What condition might she have? A. Tay-Sachs Disease B. Sickle Cell Anemia C. Hemophilia D. Turner Syndrome

C. Hemophilia

Explain how Elisa was able to have identical twins. A. Two eggs were fertilized by the same sperm and then were implanted into the uterus at the same time. B. Two separate eggs were fertilized by different sperm and then implanted into the uterus at different times. C. Her egg was fertilized and then split into two before the embryo developed. D. Her egg was fertilized and then split into two after the embryo developed.

C. Her egg was fertilized and then split into two before the embryo developed.

Place the following attachment phases in their correct order: I. Goal Corrected Partnership II. Undiscriminating Social Responsiveness III. Active Proximity Seeking IV. Discriminating Social Responsiveness A. IV, I, III, II B.III, IV, I, II C. II, IV, III, I D. II, I, IV, III

C. II, IV, III, I

Charlene is considering childcare for her young daughter. She knows that she should think about the when, where and what of each type of care option. What are the two main categories associated with where childcare takes place? A. In-home or at a daycare center care B. At the parent's place of work or at a licensed stand-alone daycare center C. In-home or out-of-home care D. With a nanny or at a licensed daycare company

C. In-home or out-of-home care

According to the Brand hypothesis, how does intelligence change with age? A. Intelligence increases with age. B. Intelligence decreases with age. C. Intelligence remains stable with age. D. Intelligence starts to decrease when people turn 50.

C. Intelligence remains stable with age.

According to Vygotsky, what is the process of constructing an internal representation of external physical objects or actions? A.Naive psychology B. Accommodation C. Internalization D. Scaffolding

C. Internalization

All of the following are benefits of a true experiment, EXCEPT: A. It includes all parts of the experimental process. B. It demonstrates cause/effect relationships. C. It always helps to prove that your hypothesis is true. D. It provides valid information

C. It always helps to prove that your hypothesis is true.

How does the attention span of a person change throughout his or her life? A. It increases consistently as a person becomes older. B. It decreases consistently as a person becomes older. C. It increases as children become adolescents and adults, then it decreases as adults become older. D. It decreases as children become adolescents and adults, then it increases as adults become older.

C. It increases as children become adolescents and adults, then it decreases as adults become older.

Why is early intervention for developmental abnormalities important? A. There is no difference for a child if their developmental abnormalities are identified early or late. B. It might be possible to have surgery to remove the abnormality if it's detected early. C. It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions. D. It can help students skip a grade in elementary school.

C. It will likely lead to increased self-confidence, academic success, and improved social interactions.

Which of the following statements is NOT a nativist perspective on language development? A. Language development is biological. B. No formal learning process is necessary for the development of language. C. Language is developed through imitation. D. We are born with an innate ability to learn language.

C. Language is developed through imitation.

When Samir accidentally breaks a glass plate while washing dishes, his parents immediately scream that he's a bad kid and beat him. Which behaviors is Samir likely to exhibit in school as a result of his parents' authoritarian parenting style? A. Aggressiveness, selfishness, and impulsiveness B. Trust, compliance, and friendliness toward strangers C. Low self-esteem and an inability to conceptualize what is morally right or wrong D. Independence but with low trust levels

C. Low self-esteem and an inability to conceptualize what is morally right or wrong

Jonah is supposed to play video games for only 15 minutes per day, but one day, he plays for 30 minutes. His parents do nothing and allow him to play as long as he wants with no punishment, and instead, they praise him for getting to level 10 in the game. What parenting style are Jonah's parents using? A. Mixed modeling B. Indulgent C.Neglecting D. Authoritative

C. Neglecting

Which dimension of intelligence would be most similar between siblings? A. Cognitive B. Experiential C. Neural D. Reflective

C. Neural

Which of the following is a universal cultural norm? A.Never murder someone from your community. B. All children should go to school. C. Never watch more than three hours of television per day. D. It's important to be an independent individual.

C. Never murder someone from your community.

Which of the following is NOT a service Head Start programs provide? A. Immunization referrals B. Help to parents in obtaining a GED C. None of these D. Dental care

C. None of these

. Which part of a computer is similar to reflective intelligence? A. Programs B. Web browser C. Operating system D. Hardware

C. Operating system

Erikson's developmental stage of trust vs mistrust can be compared to which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A. Anal B. Phallic C. Oral D. Latency

C. Oral

What is a major influence in a child's language learning? A. Parent education and the school in which they are enrolled in. B. Teacher motivation and the level of education they have earned. C. Parent motivation and the level of vocabulary they use when speaking to children. D. Motivation of the child and the level of language learning they decide to pursue later in life.

C. Parent motivation and the level of vocabulary they use when speaking to children.

Self-efficacy is a term that refers to which of the following? A. When self-esteem lowers to the point where people are unwilling to take risks. B. Doing what you want, when you want and not worrying about the consequences. C. People's expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation. D. When a person begins to balance the outcome expectancy of any given situation. E. It is synonymous with self-regulation or being able to control one's desires

C. People's expectations that they are capable of performing a behavior that will produce desired outcomes in any particular situation

Dr. Nature wants to understand the ways people use coconut oil for their health. He designed a survey consisting of questions about uses of coconut oil. He will administer the survey to his sample group. What kind of data collection is Dr. Nature performing? A. Multi-method approach B. Secondary data collection C. Primary data collection D. Supplemental data collection

C. Primary data collection

What is the main function of the prenatal environment? A. Avoiding contact between the blood of the mother and the fetus. B. Avoiding contact between the blood of the fetus and the uterus. C. Protecting the fetus. D. Protecting the mother.

C. Protecting the fetus.

Kim is participating in an experiment. She has as much a chance of being in Group A as she does of being in Group B. What is this called? A. Control grouping B. Experimental grouping C. Random sampling D. Dependent sampling

C. Random sampling

The level of emotional intelligence corresponds directly to the quality of a/an: A. Feeling B. Set of emotions C.Relationship D. Individual's general IQ

C. Relationship

Interpreting her neighbor's smile to mean she is happy to see her, Diane feels a sense of well being. Which stage of social information processing does this physical response represent? A. Encoding B. Enactment C. Response accessing D. Evaluation E. Mental representations

C. Response accessing

Kids develop independence from their parents through the influence of: A.Media. B. Religion. C. School. D. Culture.

C. School.

What is the name of the stage in cognitive development that occurs during infancy? A. Conventional stage B. Operational stage C. Sensorimotor stage D. Infant cognition stage

C. Sensorimotor stage

Which one of the following statements is TRUE about sensory deprivation? A. Sensory deprivation during development is not harmful after early development. B. Sensory deprivation during development causes less emotional damage than experiencing a traumatic event. C. Sensory deprivation during development can cause more emotional damage than experiencing a traumatic event. D. Sensory deprivation during development is only harmful during the first week of life.

C. Sensory deprivation during development can cause more emotional damage than experiencing a traumatic event.

Laura is enjoying her debate class and the views her other classmates are bringing up. How would you describe the stage of development she has reached? A. She is now in the concrete operational stage of development. B. She is now in the psycho-analytic stage of development. C. She is now in the formal operational stage of development. D. There is not enough information to determine her current level.

C. She is now in the formal operational stage of development.

If Ally is consistently adventurous and daring, which trait does she most likely have? A.She is neurotic. B. She is extraverted. C. She is open to new experiences. D. She is agreeable. E. She is conscientious.

C. She is open to new experiences.

Which of the following conditions are examples of autosomal chromosome mutations? A. Huntington's disease, hemophilia and Tay-Sachs disease B. Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome C. Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and phenylketonuria (PKU) D. Down syndrome and hemophilia

C. Sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, and phenylketonuria (PKU)

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Meiosis produces sex cells. B. Mitosis produces two daughter cells. C. Sperm cells have two sets of chromosomes. D. The genetic code translates our genes to proteins.

C. Sperm cells have two sets of chromosomes.

What are emotions? A. Objective viewpoints of a situation, where all facts are carefully evaluated before a consensus is reached B. These are biological responses that are triggered by heart rate and blood pressure C. Subjective responses or reactions to situations D. Periodic episodes of night terrors that occur during REM sleep stages

C. Subjective responses or reactions to situations

Mark is taking a high-stakes university exam and is sitting next to the smartest student in the class. Mark can clearly see his classmate's responses but refrains from copying the answers. Which of the following is affecting Mark's behavior? A. Instinct B. Id C. Superego D. Ego

C. Superego

Which of the following statements is NOT true about temperament? A. Temperament is an individual's level of emotional excitability. B. Temperament is observable in babies within their first few weeks. C. Temperament and personality are the same thing. D. Temperament is an early indication of personality.

C. Temperament and personality are the same thing.

According to the social learning theory, what can happen when a child imitates another person and then is praised for it? A.The child could give credit to the person who modeled that behavior. B. The child could never repeat that behavior. C. The child could continue the behavior until it becomes habitual. D. The child could look for other actions that will also get praise.

C. The child could continue the behavior until it becomes habitual.

4. All of the following statements reflect the beliefs of the psychoanalytic theory EXCEPT: A. The unconscious mind influences behavior B. The preconscious mind can be recalled but is not always in our awareness C. The conscious mind guides our psychosexual development D. The unconscious mind is outside of our awareness

C. The conscious mind guides our psychosexual development

What is the significance of the genetic code? A. The genetic code is the process where a single cell divides into two cells. This is important because if the cells don't divide properly, complications occur, such as the development of a tumor.. B. The genetic code is important as it is a process where genes interact with one another to create DNA. C. The genetic code is important in the makeup of DNA as it is the set of rules that maps genes to the specific proteins they produce. D. The genetic code is the type of cell division that produces sex cells and reduces the number of chromosomes by half. This is important because if mistakes occur in cell division, complications occur, such as Down Syndrome.

C. The genetic code is important in the makeup of DNA as it is the set of rules that maps genes to the specific proteins they produce.

How are the proximodistal principle and the cephalocaudal principles different? A. The proximodistal principle states that the body grows from the bottom to the top, while the cephalocaudal principle states that the body grows from the top to the bottom. B. The cephalocaudal principle states that development occurs from the center of the body outward, while the proximodistal principle states that development occurs from top to bottom. C. The proximodistal principle states that development occurs from the center of the body outward, while the cephalocaudal principle states that development occurs from top to bottom. D. The cephalocaudal principle states that the body grows from the bottom to the top, while the proximodistal principle states that the body grows from the top to the bottom.

C. The proximodistal principle states that development occurs from the center of the body outward, while the cephalocaudal principle states that development occurs from top to bottom.

Why would a psychologist who subscribes to the attachment theory ask Sally about the bond with her parents? A. The psychologist was finding out Sally's history in order to get to know the patient better. B. The psychologist wants to find out if Sally's parents were going to be around to support her emotional health. C. The psychologist sees the type of attachment Sally had with her parents as the determining factor in her emotional health. D. The psychologist was trying to build the therapist/client relationship.

C. The psychologist sees the type of attachment Sally had with her parents as the determining factor in her emotional health.

The baby leaves the mother's body and enters the outside world during which part of the birth process? A. The third stage of labor B. The recovery stage of labor C. The second stage of labor D. The first stage of labor

C. The second stage of labor

Which of the following statement regarding schizophrenia is accurate? A. There is no genetic link for schizophrenia. B. It is characterized by depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. C. There is a genetic link for schizophrenia. D. It is characterized as a disregard for others' rights and feelings.

C. There is a genetic link for schizophrenia.

Which of the following is correct, regarding whether or not emotional intelligence can be learned? A. Those born with low emotional intelligence will never change. B. Those with high emotional intelligence are just lucky. C. There is debate, but certainly the knowledge that emotional intelligence exists can be useful. D. There is evidence that emotional intelligence can never be learned or enhanced.

C. There is debate, but certainly the knowledge that emotional intelligence exists can be useful.

How do most parents feel during the empty nest phase of life? A. Parents desire grandchildren to compensate for the lack of their own small children. B. Parents report that they feel 100% joy when their children move out. C. There is some sadness, but overall parents report increased satisfaction when their children move out. D. Most parents experience severe depression when their children move out.

C. There is some sadness, but overall parents report increased satisfaction when their children move out.

All of the following are true about fraternal twins, EXCEPT: A. They can be either a boy and girl or of the same sex. B. They develop from two separate egg cells. C. They share 100% of the same DNA. D. They develop from two separate sperm cells.

C. They share 100% of the same DNA.

Why is philosophical wisdom pursued? A. To attain knowledge for the sake of impressing others. B. To make it easier to achieve scientific goals. C. To attain knowledge for the sake of knowledge. D. To make it easier to achieve practical goals.

C. To attain knowledge for the sake of knowledge.

John is looking to promote someone within the company to a position that would allow them to advance their already established skills, i.e. they are in the maintenance stage of occupational development. Which of the following employees would he chose, and why? A. Keith, because he started in the mailroom six months ago, and has shown a lot of energy and promise. B. Bradley, because he's been an account manager for a couple of years, and seems like he might be becoming demotivated by the long hours and low pay. C. Tracy, because she's been with the company for over fifteen years, has a good understanding of how things are done there, and is looking to improve her skills. D. Cathy, because she's been with the company for over thirty years, has an in-depth understanding of how things are done there, and is only a few years from retirement.

C. Tracy, because she's been with the company for over fifteen years, has a good understanding of how things are done there, and is looking to improve her skills.

Injuries that are caused during the birth process are called: A. Hazardous birth injuries B. Cerebral palsy C. Traumatic birth injuries D. Fetal asphyxia

C. Traumatic birth injuries

What is the premise of the psychoanalytic theory of development? A. We develop socially when we enter our teenage years. B. We develop through learning to observe and imitate the behavior of others. C. We go through psychosexual stages as children that impact our future mental health and ability to socialize with others. D. We must be taught what is socially acceptable by adult mentor

C. We go through psychosexual stages as children that impact our future mental health and ability to socialize with others.

Under which circumstances would a true experiment NOT be used? A. When there is more than one possible hypothesis. B. When the sample needs to be random. C. When a random sample cannot be used. D. When you have variables that can be controlled.

C. When a random sample cannot be used.

When a researcher collects and integrates data from several sources and utilizes a variety of different techniques it is called _____. A. an observational approach B. an experiment C. a multi-method approach D. data mini

C. a multi-method approach

When a researcher collects and integrates data from several sources and utilizes a variety of different techniques it is called _____. A. data mining B. an experiment C. a multi-method approach D. an observational approach

C. a multi-method approach

Stress hormones can cause a reduction in the mother's vascular function. This can lead to _____. A. more oxygen reaching the unborn child B. fewer nutrients reaching the mother's brain C. a reduction in blood flow to the unborn child D. increased fetal growth

C. a reduction in blood flow to the unborn child

Marsha, a dermatology student, is researching whether eating chocolate causes acne in fifteen-year-old girls. She uses a controlled study of 20 fifteen-year-old girls divided into two groups of 10; one group eats chocolate every day for 2 weeks, while the other doesn't eat any chocolate for that duration. Marsha records her findings and determines that there is no correlation between chocolate and acne in fifteen-year-old girls. Marsha's experiment is an example of _________________. A. cross-sectional research B. a case study C. a true experiment D. quasi-experimental research

C. a true experiment

Ryan is able to shift attention back and forth between different tasks. He has _____ attention. A. divided B. selective C. alternating D. sustained

C. alternating

The Apgar test is _____. A. a standard assessment for children at two years of age B. only given to healthy newborns C. an assessment that determines how well a newborn tolerated birth and adaptation to a new environment D. a multiple-choice assessment for parents

C. an assessment that determines how well a newborn tolerated birth and adaptation to a new environment

The process of incorporating new information into existing knowledge is known as _____, whereas the process of adjusting our schemas to fit new information and events is known as _____. A. accommodation; assimilation B. organization; assimilation C. assimilation; accommodation D. schema, accommodation

C. assimilation; accommodation

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his third assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. equilibrium E. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation.

According to Bronfenbrenner, the level of dimension of time in relation to a person's development is the _____________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. chronosystem D. macrosystem

C. chronosystem

According to Freud, people who get into fights tend to be motivated by _____. A. the superego B. life instincts C. death instincts D. libido

C. death instincts

When a person feels at loose ends and not sure what to do with all of the time in retirement, they are in the _______ stage. A. Reorientation B. Pre-retirement C. Disenchantment D. Stability E. Honeymoon

C. disenchantment

Molly overheard her dad telling her mom he got 'creamed' by his friend in a tennis match. This confused Molly, causing her to experience a conflict or ______________ because she couldn't imagine her father turning into a creamy liquid. A. assimilation B. disorganization C. disequilibrium D. accommodation

C. disequilibrium

Stimulus generalization involves: A. being able to discriminate between stimuli B. learning associations between two stimuli C. displaying a conditioned response after exposure to different stimuli than the one used in the original conditioning D. changing an organism's voluntary behavior through reward and/or punishment

C. displaying a conditioned response after exposure to different stimuli than the one used in the original conditioning

According to Erik Erikson, psychosocial identities involve the interplay between our _____. A. physiology and our social lives B. emotional lives and our social circumstances C. emotions and our physical development D. biological development and our social lives

C. emotional lives and social circumstances

The study of behavior as it relates to evolution and the survival of a species is called A. epigenesis B. probabilistic C. ethnology D. psychobiology

C. ethnology

Self-constructed beliefs regarding specific traits and behaviors of males and females are referred to as _____. A. equity schemas B. behavioral schemas C. gender schemas D. cognitive schemas

C. gender schemas

The process by which genes are passed down from parents to their offspring is called _____. A. DNA production B. chromosomal condensation C. genetic inheritance D. DNA replication

C. genetic inheritance

According to Freud, at what stage does a person seeks a balance between their biological instincts and a sense of morality? A. oral stage B. phallic stage C. genital stage D. latency stage

C. genital stage

Development is the process of _____ and _____ that everyone goes through. A.growth; life B. growth; behaviors C. growth; change D. change; intelligence E. change; relationships

C. growth; change

A testable statement that is logically derived from theory or observation is referred to as _____. A. an experiment B. diagnostic statistics C. a hypothesis D. the scientific method

C. hypothesis

According to Erikson, at what stage does a child begin to exert power and control over their environment? A. identity vs role confusion B. industry vs inferiority C. initiative vs guilt D. trust vs mistrust

C. initiative vs guilt

According to Erikson, adults at this stage, usually over age 65, feel content if they look back at their lives and feel they've been productive and happy. If not, they may feel despair, or like they've been wasting their time. This stage can be best defined as what ? A. young adulthood B. middle adulthood C. late adulthood D. adolescence

C. late adulthood

According to Freud, at what stage does a child form interactions with their environment ? A. oral stage B. anal stage C. latency stage D. phallic stage

C. latency stage

According to Erikson, this stage is a conflict between initiative and guilt, what is this stage is called ? A. oral-sensory stage B. muscular-anal stage C. locomotor stage D. latency stage

C. locomotor stage

A master chess player employs _____. A. intrapersonal intelligence B. visual intelligence C. logical intelligence D. interpersonal intelligence

C. logical intelligence

Polygenic traits are controlled by _____. A. genes in the Y-chromosome B. only one gene C. more than one gene D. genes in the X-chromosome

C. more than one gene

Which of the following represents the Realist point of view on the impact of digital technology on social and emotional development? A. interconnecting B. optimistic C. negative impact D. pro technology

C. negative impact

The data collection technique used for studying nonverbal behaviors is: A. data mining B. polling C. observation D. surveying

C. observation

While working with patients with snake phobias, Bandura found that _____ were more effective in treating phobias than persuasion. A. evasive maneuvers B. conversions C. observations D. rewards E. punishments

C. observations

Sensitive periods are: A. rigid time periods in child development that are the only times children can learn specific abilities B. rigid time periods in child development when children are sensitive to all sensory input C. overlapping periods of child development where children are sensitive to particular stimuli or interactions D. overlapping periods of child development where children ignore all stimuli except one type

C. overlapping periods of child development where children are sensitive to particular stimuli or interactions

Grace is a two year old toddler who plays well with toys and explores her playroom when her mother is near, even when a stranger is present. This is an example of _____ attachment. A. avoidant B. disorganized-disoriented C. secure D. resistant

C. secure

5. Which of the following is an example of an autosomal chromosome mutation? A. Hemophilia B. Turner syndrome C. Sickle cell anemia D. Klinefelter syndrome

C. sickle cell anemia

The unexpected recurrence of a conditioned response after it has shown extinction, this can be best defined as: A. extinction B. extinction burst C. spontaneous recovery D. stimulus generalization

C. spontaneous recovery

A pigeon receives a seed each time it pecks an electronic button on a device. If the button were to be turned off, the pigeon will peck at the button again and again, although no food comes out of the device. This is an example of _____. A. frustration response B. conditioned response C. stimulus generalization D. extinction burst

C. stimulus generalization

The neonatal period is best defined as _____. A. the first four days after birth B. the first five days after birth C. the first four weeks after birth D. the first five minutes after birth

C. the first four weeks after birth

The attachment theory asserts that human behavior is influenced by _____. A. unconscious urges and instinctual emotional drives B. conscious urges and instinctual emotional drives C. unconscious urges and instinctual biological drives D. conscious urges and instinctual biological drives

C. unconscious urges and instinctual biological drives

Why is experimental data collection a favorable method? A. Because this usually consists of interviews, and it is easy to find people who want to participate. B. Because it takes the least amount of time and is inexpensive. C.Because experimental data collection typically produces the most valid data. D. Because it only requires reviewing existing data.

C.Because experimental data collection typically produces the most valid data.

Maria is less satisfied with her marriage lately. She feels stressed and tired all of the time. More than likely, which major life transition has Maria recently entered? A. Childhood B. Empty Nest C.Parenthood D. Marriage

C.Parenthood

What happens in late adulthood? A. People develop a preoccupation with the present, as opposed to the past B. People go through another time of transition, when their life structure is changed again C.People look back on their life and make peace D.People focus on asking others what they think of their own lives

C.People look back on their life and make peace

Which of the following behaviors would NOT be considered characteristic of a child with hyperactivity? The preference for loud and kinetic play during free periods Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon The need to get out of one's seat and walk or stretch every few minutes Excessively tapping one's fingers on the desk and kicking the bottom desk

Calling out frequently without waiting be called upon

Dan has been suffering from multiple sclerosis for almost twenty years. His symptoms include double vision and weakness. This limits his ability to function normally. How would Dan's disease be classified? Biological illness Behavioral disability Physical disability Chronic illness

Chronic illness

Grouping illnesses together based on similarities is called: Statistics Pseudopatient Diagnosis Classification Diagnosis grouping

Classification

A person who wants to move between levels of care in one location should enter a(n): Nursing home Assisted living facility Independent living facility None are correct Continuing care retirement community

Continuing care retirement community

Why is it important to assess creativity in children? Creativity can predict if children will need special assistance in school. Creativity can indicate a child's potential. Creativity can describe how intelligent children are. Students who lack creativity will have a harder time in school.

Creativity can indicate a child's potential.

Which of the following scenarios would support the nativist perspective? A. A baby learns new words by imitating the sounds of his parents. B. A child slowly develops sounds, words, and full understanding of language over a series of years. C. A baby with an older brother picks up language more quickly because he wants to be like his sibling. D. A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before.

D. A child puts words together to create sentences he has never heard before.

What is the most notable event during the fetal period? A.The development of the germ layers. B. Implantation C. The differentiation of cells. D. A dramatic change in the size of the fetus.

D. A dramatic change in the size of the fetus.

Identify the best example of the transactional effect from the following choices. A. A child fears making a mistake because his parents' first reaction is to yell and scream. B. A grandfather teaches his grandson how to catch flies so that they can go fishing together. C. A mother teaches her daughter how to sew, allowing them to work together on projects. D. A father spends a lot of time reading with his son. The son's relationship with the father is strengthened due to this, and the father's tension about parenting is softened.

D. A father spends a lot of time reading with his son. The son's relationship with the father is strengthened due to this, and the father's tension about parenting is softened.

Identify the best example of the transactional effect from the following choices. A. A mother teaches her daughter how to sew, allowing them to work together on projects. B. A child fears making a mistake because his parents' first reaction is to yell and scream. C. A grandfather teaches his grandson how to catch flies so that they can go fishing together. D. A father spends a lot of time reading with his son. The son's relationship with the father is strengthened due to this, and the father's tension about parenting is softened.

D. A father spends a lot of time reading with his son. The son's relationship with the father is strengthened due to this, and the father's tension about parenting is softened.

Define the term mutation. A. A genetic condition that affects males and is caused by an extra copy of the X sex chromosome. B. A genetic condition that affects only females and is caused by a missing or incomplete X sex chromosome. C. A condition when genetic material is either missing or duplicated. D. A permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that occurs during mitosis or meiosis

D. A permanent, heritable change in the genetic code that occurs during mitosis or meiosis

What is information processing? A. A process of improving long term memory. B. A specific strategy for studying in order to rehearse and retain information. C. A set of instructions explaining how to move information from short term to long term memory. D. A series of steps that explains how we receive and store information.

D. A series of steps that explains how we receive and store information.

A cornerstone of Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is that society and culture play a key role in promoting development. What type of perspective is this considered to be? A. A naive psychology perspective B. A linguistic perspective C. An autonomous learning perspective D. A sociocultural perspective

D. A sociocultural perspective

What is a teratogen? A. A substance a pregnant woman comes into contact with without a doctor's approval. B. A drug taken in the 1960s by pregnant women that caused many birth defects. C. A medication that can safely be taken during pregnancy. D. A substance known to potentially cause a birth defect or cause a pregnancy to end.

D. A substance known to potentially cause a birth defect or cause a pregnancy to end.

Which of the following is an example of addressing a child's abilities in order to heighten self-esteem? A. After a singing concert, the parent says, "The group did well tonight, didn't they?" B. After a soccer game the parent says, "You did great today! But if you just ran faster you could have made more than one goal." C. After a singing concert, the parent says, "Next time sing a little louder and then you'll do better." D. After the soccer game a parent says, "You did great today! You were able to run fast and still kick the ball into the goal!"

D. After the soccer game a parent says, "You did great today! You were able to run fast and still kick the ball into the goal!"

Genetics and a person's environment are both factors that contribute to which of the following psychopathological disorders? A. Antisocial Personality Disorder B. Bulimia C. Schizophrenia D. All of the answer choices are correct.

D. All of the answer choices are correct.

Early childhood intervention gives help and support to families to maximize a child's development in which way? A. Socially B. Emotionally C. Cognitively D. All of these

D. All of these

What are the options that parents should consider when thinking about what their children will do during their care time? A. Ability to use electronic items or no electronics B. None of these are important issues. C. Does the carer allow children to watch TV or not D. An educationally-based program or unstructured time

D. An educationally-based program or unstructured time

Temperament is defined as: A. Babies who are upset easily and might be unpredictable B. Babies who are calm, relaxed, predictable and flexible. C. Babies who do not like new situations D. An individual's characteristic level of emotional excitability or intensity

D. An individual's characteristic level of emotional excitability or intensity

You have the gene-pair Aa. This gene controls your eye color. You have brown eyes because brown is the dominant trait. Which of the following is true? A. None of your children will have brown eyes. B. 100% of your children will have brown eyes. C. 50% of your children will have brown eyes. D. Any of your children who receive the dominant trait for brown eyes will have brown eyes.

D. Any of your children who receive the dominant trait for brown eyes will have brown eyes.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four steps in the modeling process? A. Reproduction B. Attention C. Retention D. Association

D. Association

Why are identical twins of interest to behavioral geneticists? A. Because identical twins are less similar than fraternal twins. B. Because identical twins share 50% of the same genes. C. Because identical twins always act in exactly the same way. D. Because identical twins share 100% of the same genes.

D. Because identical twins share 100% of the same genes.

Why isn't the developing child protected from all unwanted environmental hazards? A. All of the answers are correct. B. Because the placenta is very weak and it can break easily. C. Because the prenatal environment can become contaminated with external substances that can cause serious damage to the fetus. D. Because potentially harmful substances can cross the placenta, and be transferred to the developing child from the mother.

D. Because potentially harmful substances can cross the placenta, and be transferred to the developing child from the mother.

Why are adoption studies useful to the field of behavioral genetics? A. Because they show that genetic factors are more important than environmental in determining personality. B. Because they show that environmental factors are more important than genetic factors in determining personality. C. Because 50% of a person's personality is from their biological parents and 50% is from their adopted parents. D. Because researchers can study if certain traits bear a stronger resemblance to a person's biological parents, indicating whether or not there is genetic component to personality.

D. Because researchers can study if certain traits bear a stronger resemblance to a person's biological parents, indicating whether or not there is genetic component to personality.

Why are the universal principles of growth and development important? A. Because they describe individual stages. B. Because they describe the rate at which a person develops. C. Because they describe the orthogenetic principle. D. Because they describe the stages of biological development.

D. Because they describe the stages of biological development.

Why will identical twins always be the same sex? A.Because they came from the same egg. B. Because mothers provide X chromosomes. C. Because they came from the same sperm. D. Because they share the exact same DNA.

D. Because they share the exact same DNA.

Which of the following concepts do five to seven-year-old children lack in their understanding of death? A. Mourning B. Finality C. Irreversibility D. Biological causality E. Universality

D. Biological causality

How are Braxton Hicks contractions different from contractions during labor? A. Braxton Hicks contractions make a person's water break; contractions during labor progress the labor. B. Braxton Hicks contractions progress labor; contractions during labor do not progress labor. C. Braxton Hicks contractions make you tired; contractions during labor don't make you tired. D. Braxton Hicks contractions do not progress labor; contractions during labor do progress labor.

D. Braxton Hicks contractions do not progress labor; contractions during labor do progress labor.

Dr. Nelson wants to examine the differences in how children play together as they mature. To collect his data, he will observe play behavior in four different groups of children based on age: early preschool, late preschool, kindergarten, and first grade. What type of study is Dr. Nelson conducting? A.Longitudinal study B. Cross-sequential study C. Cross-sectional study D. Case study

D. Case study

What is the difference between categorical and continuous measurements? A. Categorical measurements have a smaller standard deviation than continuous measurements. B. Continuous measurements have a smaller standard deviation than categorical measurements. C. Continuous measurements have levels that are mutually exclusive, while categorical measurements can take on any value within the range of the measurement. D. Categorical measurements have levels that are mutually exclusive, while continuous measurements can take on any value within the range of the measurement.

D. Categorical measurements have levels that are mutually exclusive, while continuous measurements can take on any value within the range of the measurement.

What is child swap care? A. Childcare that encourages an educational structure to the day B. Childcare that sees a child swapping between two or more childcare options in an alternating pattern C. There is no such thing as child swap care in reference to childcare. D. Childcare in the form of an agreement with another family to alternate care for the children in the families

D. Childcare in the form of an agreement with another family to alternate care for the children in the families

What does the gender schema theory say? A. Children are born with an innate knowledge that they are supposed to act certain ways as boys and girls. B. Men and women are different. C. Children see their gender uniquely - it always depends on the individual's perspective. D. Children learn about gender roles from society and their surroundings.

D. Children learn about gender roles from society and their surroundings.

All of the following statements are true about language development in children EXCEPT: A. Diverse social experiences promote language development B. Girls tend to develop language quicker than boys C. Lower socio-economic status is generally associated with a smaller vocabulary D. Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly

D. Children who are emotionally reactive develop language quickly

_____ are commonly called thinking skills. A.Writing skills B. Math skills C. Reading skills D. Cognitive skills

D. Cognitive skills

The SAT test and other standardized tests involve more of which type of thinking? A. Complex B. Divergent C. Fluid D. Convergent

D. Convergent

. What is it called when a baby imitates something her mother does after a minute or two? A. Mimicking B. Copying C. Imitating D. Deferred imitation

D. Deferred imitation

Which of the following is a positive impact of digital technology on cognitive skills? A. Development of the ability to analyze next steps. B. Development of the ability to draw conclusions. C. Ability to tell time on an analog clock. D. Development of the ability to recognize the correct answer.

D. Development of the ability to recognize the correct answer.

Which of the following describes the difference between absolute thresholds and differential thresholds? A. Absolute threshold refers to the ability to notice changes in a stimulus, while differential threshold refers to the ability to detect a stimulus. B. Differential threshold refers to the ability to perceive visual stimuli, while absolute threshold refers to the ability to perceive sound stimuli. C. Differential threshold refers to the ability to perceive sound stimuli, while absolute threshold refers to the ability to perceive visual stimuli. D. Differential threshold refers to the ability to notice changes in a stimulus, while absolute threshold refers to the ability to detect a stimulus.

D. Differential threshold refers to the ability to notice changes in a stimulus, while absolute threshold refers to the ability to detect a stimulus.

The light outside Sophie's bedroom window shines right into her crib, but she learns to sleep even with the light on. But one week, the light burns out and she sleeps in darkness. After the light is fixed and shines into her crib again, Sophie finds it hard to sleep. This is an example of: A. Learning B. Development C. Habituation D. Dishabituation

D. Dishabituation

What kind of attention would you be using if you were to take this quiz while watching a TV show? A.Sustained attention B. Executive attention C. Multiplied attention D. Divided attention

D. Divided attention

How can educators implement Piaget's principles? A. Educators should include objects in the classroom so that the child can act on them. Different actions by the child should produce the same effect in a constant way. B. Educators should not include objects in the classroom because this will distract them from learning. C. Educators should include objects in the classroom so that the child can observe them without interacting with them; that way they won't be distracted from the lectures. D. Educators should include objects in the classroom so that the child can act on them. Different actions by the child should produce different effects.

D. Educators should include objects in the classroom so that the child can act on them. Different actions by the child should produce different effects.

Johnny and his mother are at the super market and witness a woman leave her wallet in a grocery basket. Johnny's mother calls out to the woman and hands her the wallet she left behind. According to Freud, Johnny's mother is shaping his _____. A. Reciprocity B. Conscience C. Morality D. Ego ideal

D. Ego ideal

How does encoding fit into the stages of information processing? A.Encoding happens after storing and involves listening and paying attention. B. Encoding happens after retrieving, allowing the person to put all the information together into coherent thoughts. C. Encoding begins when the information starts to be stored in one's memory for later. D. Encoding happens after attending and involves listening and paying attention.

D. Encoding happens after attending and involves listening and paying attention.

How can parents foster independence and also offer security? A. Tell children to do their own thing and show them how to do it B. Guide an infant to play on their own, while leaving the room C. Don't allow children to do things that might hurt them, like play sports, so they will make safe decisions later D. Encourage children to do something on their own, while assuring them they will be there to offer needed help

D. Encourage children to do something on their own, while assuring them they will be there to offer needed help

All of the following statements about the role of genetics in determining personality are true, EXCEPT: A. There is a genetic component to our personalities. B. The genetic framework for our personalities can be manipulated by our experiences. C. The field of behavioral genetics is extremely complicated. D. Environmental influences and genetic components do not influence one another.

D. Environmental influences and genetic components do not influence one another.

How do the theories of Freud and Erikson differ in reference to adult development? A. Erikson felt that adults emphasized contributing to society, while Freud believed adults emphasized intimate relationships. B. Freud believed people couldn't control their biological urges in adulthood, while Erikson thought they could. C. Freud believed development continued into adulthood, while Erikson's theory of development ends at age 18. D. Freud's theory of development ends at age 18, while Erikson believed development continued into adulthood.

D. Freud's theory of development ends at age 18, while Erikson believed development continued into adulthood.

Which factor plays the largest role in determining whether or not a child will have schizophrenia like his or her parents? A. His or her adoptive parents B. His or her environment C. The presence of eating disorders D. Genetics

D. Genetics

How can parents help their children during emotional development? A. Engage in harsh punishment where the child knows exactly what they did wrong, withdraw support, and forego praise for insults. B. Control every situation they ever come into contact with so there are no surprises and the child will be able to predict everything. C. Ignore them and let them figure it out for themselves. D. Give them plenty of experiences with teachable moments, guided with patience and assistance in describing and naming feelings.

D. Give them plenty of experiences with teachable moments, guided with patience and assistance in describing and naming feelings.

Georgie lives next to a firehouse. At first, every time he sees lights or hears a siren, he jumps. But after a while, he blocks it out and doesn't even notice when the lights and sirens are going. This is an example of: A. Development B. Learning C. Dishabituation D. Habituation

D. Habituation

Bryan has autism, and often seems aloof and standoffish. According to experts, this is because _____. A. He doesn't care about other people B. He finds other people's conversation stupid C. His hearing is impaired D. He doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy

D. He doesn't adequately understand emotions and empathy

How did Pavlov use discrimination learning to train his dogs to salivate when they heard a bell? A. He rang the bell but didn't feed them until they were near starvation. B. He used several different bells to tell the dogs which food they would be getting based on the sound of each bell. C. He used multiple bells so that the dogs salivated every time they heard a noise. D. He trained the dogs to recognize one tone or sound but not respond to other tones or sounds.

D. He trained the dogs to recognize one tone or sound but not respond to other tones or sounds.

Casey is a young girl who does exactly what her parents ask of her. She knows that breaking any rules will result in consequences. According to Piaget, what stage of morality is Casey experiencing? A. Autonomous morality B. Ideal reciprocity C. Post-conventional morality D. Heteronomous morality

D. Heteronomous morality

After doing well in several AP Biology classes and performing a lot of research, Juan has decided he wants to become a doctor. Juan is mostly likely in what stage of development? A. Identity Diffusion B. Identity Foreclosure C. Identity Moratorium D. Identity Achievement

D. Identity Achievement

Explain how a person could be born with Down syndrome. A. During meiosis, if too few sex cells are produced, a person could be born with Down syndrome. B. During mitosis, if a single cell divides too many times, the genetic code is altered, resulting in Down syndrome. C. During mitosis, when a single cell divides into two identical cells, the genetic code can get altered, resulting in the improper development of an embryo. D. If mistakes occur during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces sex cells and reduces the number of chromosomes in half, a person could receive an extra chromosome, resulting in Down syndrome.

D. If mistakes occur during meiosis, the type of cell division that produces sex cells and reduces the number of chromosomes in half, a person could receive an extra chromosome, resulting in Down syndrome.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding intelligence? A. Crystallized intelligence begins to decrease during late adulthood. B. During middle age, people rely on crystallized intelligence. C. Puzzles, games, and staying cognitively active are helpful for maintaining both fluid and crystallized intelligence. D. Intelligence peaks in late adulthood.

D. Intelligence peaks in late adulthood.

Which theory places the most emphasis on social interaction in the development of language? A. Cognitivist B. Constructivist C. Interactionist D. Behaviorist

D. Interactionist

All of the following statements are true about the ego EXCEPT: A. It operates in our preconscious and conscious mind B. It mediates the demands of the id and the superego C. It is the second part of the personality that develops D. It accounts for our aggressive tendencies

D. It accounts for our aggressive tendencies

How does play benefit children? A. It can improve their immune system. B. It can help speed up their physical growth. C. It does not affect their mental capacity. D. It can help increase their social and thinking skills.

D. It can help increase their social and thinking skills.

How would you describe the milestone of decentration in the concrete operational stage of development? A. Decentration does not come until the formal operational stage of development. B. It is a way of considering matters from the most simple and single perspective. C. It is a way of thinking more abstractly and with greater detail. D. It is a way of considering matters from multiple perspectives, rather than just one.

D. It is a way of considering matters from multiple perspectives, rather than just one.

Which of the following is true of sensitive periods? A. It is easy for a child to learn certain abilities during these periods without being aware of it. B. A child can learn period-specific abilities easily even after the sensitive period has passed. C. A child can never learn period-specific abilities after the sensitive period has passed. D. It is easy for a child to learn certain abilities during these periods but they must be formally taught.

D. It is easy for a child to learn certain abilities during these periods but they must be formally taught.

What does it mean if a genetic trait is complex? A. It is influenced only by environmental factors. B. It cannot be influenced by environment. C. It is influenced only by genetic factors. D. It is influenced by many different environmental and genetic factors in combination.

D. It is influenced by many different environmental and genetic factors in combination.

How does an adolescent's self concept differ from a child's? A. It is more simplistic, less complex, and more realistic. B. It is more descriptive, more complex, and less realistic. C. It is more simplistic, more complex, and less realistic. D. It is more descriptive, more complex, and more realistic.

D. It is more descriptive, more complex, and more realistic.

All of the following statements are true about correlational research, EXCEPT: A. It shows positive relationships, or relationships that change in the same direction. B. It shows when a relationship between two different items or events is nonexistent. C. It examines relationships between two different items or events. D. It is not able to show negative relationships, or relationships that change in different directions.

D. It is not able to show negative relationships, or relationships that change in different directions.

Which of the following is TRUE of focused attention? A. It is the ability to maintain attention on a task for a period of time B. It is the ability to shift attention between tasks for a period of time C. It is the ability to perform two tasks at the same time for a long period of time D. It is the ability to respond in a specific way to a particular stimulus

D. It is the ability to respond in a specific way to a particular stimulus

Parenthood is reported to impact adults in all of the following ways, EXCEPT: A. It adds work and responsibilities. B. It causes loss of sleep and added stress. C. It leads to a decline in marital satisfaction. D. It lowers self-esteem.

D. It lowers self-esteem.

Which of the following is true about biological development? A. The order of development is different in males and females. B. The order of development is different in people from different ethnic groups. C. It does not have a specific order. D. It occurs in an organized, sequential order.

D. It occurs in an organized, sequential order.

Which of the following describes the process of myelination? A. It occurs when nerve cells die during brain development B. It occurs when nerve cells are damaged by toxins C. It occurs when nerve cells conduct an electrical message D. It occurs when white matter, called myelin, covers nerve cells in the brain.

D. It occurs when white matter, called myelin, covers nerve cells in the brain.

According to Freud, how does the superego operate? A. It motivates us to do the very least amount necessary to be accepted by society. B. It doesn't arise until adulthood, and guides us in satisfying the id in a morally acceptable way. C. It drives us to gratify our basic needs and urges. D. It suppresses urges and drives us to live from an idealistic moral standard.

D. It suppresses urges and drives us to live from an idealistic moral standard.

Which of the following statements is true about adult development and growth? A. It remains unchanged until parenthood. B. It declines with age. C. It remains stagnant after reaching the age of 18. D. It undergoes continuous changes throughout the lifespan.

D. It undergoes continuous changes throughout the lifespan.

Which of the following is true of a dominant trait? A. It is never passed on to the child of a person with the trait. B. It is only expressed if a person has the trait in both alleles of their gene-pair. C. It is always passed on to the child of a person with the trait. D. It will always be expressed in a person who has the trait.

D. It will always be expressed in a person who has the trait.

Identify the answer choice that describes a nuclear family. A. Grandpa Joe lives with his son Paul and his wife Annie. B. Bill just got married to Marie and they moved into their new house. C. Joan is a single mom living with her two sons, John and Liam. They live down the road from her parents. D. Jessica is married to Eric. They have one daughter, Madeline, and another is on the way in June.

D. Jessica is married to Eric. They have one daughter, Madeline, and another is on the way in June.

The concept of vicarious punishment is best demonstrated by which of the following examples? A. Sarah learns the classroom procedure for getting a bathroom pass by watching a classmate fill out a bathroom pass form and hand it to the teacher. B. Bradley learns how to play checkers by watching his parents play the game. C. Anthony sees his mother give his older brother $5 for doing the dishes. He later offers to help his mother with household chores. D. John observes a coworker being reprimanded by the manager for using social media during work hours. The next day, John decided to not use his smart phone while at the office.

D. John observes a coworker being reprimanded by the manager for using social media during work hours. The next day, John decided to not use his smart phone while at the office.

Jon's parents have normally pigmented skin. Jon is albino. How could this happen? A. Jon received one dominant allele and one recessive allele for his gene-pair. B. None of the answer choices are correct. C. Jon received two dominant alleles for his gene-pair. D. Jon received two recessive alleles for his gene-pair.

D. Jon received two recessive alleles for his gene-pair.

Jim and Sara have been trying to have children for several years. However, they have not been able to conceive due to Jim's difficulty with fertility. What condition might he have? A. Tay-Sachs Disease B. Turner Syndrome C. Down Syndrome D. Klinefelter Syndrome

D. Klinefelter Syndrome

According to evolutionary psychology, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: A. Learning is planned to occur in a certain way. B. Learning can be built upon. C. The human brain comes into the world with some idea of how the world is structured. D. Learning is randomly acquired.

D. Learning is randomly acquired.

All of the following are characteristics of operant conditioning EXCEPT: A. It combines behavior and response B. Learning occurs after the response C. It is learned by reinforcement or punishment D. Learning occurs prior to the response

D. Learning occurs prior to the response

Dr. Tracy is conducting a study on how the amount of sleep a person receives affects mood as children age. She will be following the same group of children from elementary through high school to collect her data. What type of study is Dr. Tracy conducting? A. Case study B. Cross-sectional study C. Cross-sequential study D. Longitudinal study

D. Longitudinal study

During which stage do many individuals return to school to enhance and further their careers? A. Growth B. Exploration C. Establishment D. Maintenance

D. Maintenance

It is more likely that a person will experience a _____ change in personality than a _____ change. A. neurotic; conscientious B. Rank-ordered; mean-level C. Slow; fast D. Mean-level; rank-ordered E. Fast; slow

D. Mean-level; rank-ordered

Besides one's early 30s, when is another time of evaluation and transition? A. Late adulthood (60 and up) B. Entering Middle Adulthood (45-50) C. Settling Down (33-40) D. Mid life (40-45)

D. Mid life (40-45)

Anita gets all Ds and Fs on her report card. Her parents don't seem to care and tend to avoid spending time with her. They give Anita neither positive nor negative attention. What kind of parenting style is this? A. Authoritarian B. Authoritative C. Mixed modeling D. Neglecting

D. Neglecting

Which of the following is NOT a component of decline? A. Less production in work B. Retirement C. Bowing out of work responsibilities D. Networking

D. Networking

. _____ refers to the brain's ability to grow and change and is at highest point during _____. A. The zone of proximal development; early childhood B. Puberty; adolescence C. Neuroplasticity; early adulthood D. Neuroplasticity; early childhood

D. Neuroplasticity; early childhood

Which of the following is typical of a child with Asperger's syndrome? A. Difficulty in learning B. A wide range of interests C. Trouble speaking and forming complete sentences D. Physical clumsiness

D. Physical clumsiness

Many children in kindergarten enjoy playing 'house.' How does the value of play benefit young children, according to Vygotsky? A. Play should be encouraged because it allows children time to have fun. B. Play should be encouraged because it allows the teacher a chance to assess the students. C. Play should be discouraged because allowing children to pretend slows cognitive development. D. Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills.

D. Play should be encouraged because it promotes new cognitive skills.

Kohlberg described universal principles as ethics we are willing to hold in the face of opposition. In which of Kohlberg's three levels of morality would someone follow these principles? A. Conventional morality B. It is in a level of its own C. Pre-conventional morality D. Post-conventional morality

D. Post-conventional morality

Sam really wants a cookie as a late night snack. Knowing where his mother stands on eating snacks after dinner, he asks his father instead. According to Kohlberg, what level of morality is associated with the scenario above? A. Social contract morality B. Conventional morality C. Post-conventional morality D. Pre-conventional morality

D. Pre-conventional morality

Martha is 67 years old. When given a book to read, she finds it difficult to focus her eyes on the book at a close distance so she needs to move the book away in order to read it. This is an example of _____. A. Presbycusis B.Hypermetropia C. Miopia D. Presbyopia

D. Presbyopia

What is emotional regulation? A. Emotional properties that regulate our blood pressure, glucose levels, and heart rate B. Regulatory processes of the occipital lobe, aiding in visual cues and perception C. Emotionally processes that control dream regulation and hallucinogenic properties D. Regulatory processes of the frontal lobe the help the person stop, think about the emotion, and then choose a logical response

D. Regulatory processes of the frontal lobe the help the person stop, think about the emotion, and then choose a logical response

One way that has been found to increase non-conscious emotional control is by meditation, due to its ability to A. Allow more time to process B. Teach you self control C. Meditation does not increase emotional control D. Rewire the brain

D. Rewire the brain

Tom frequently gets angry for what seems like no reason and he doesn't think rationally. He also quickly changes from being happy to sad to mad. What disorder might Tom have? A. Bulimia B. Anorexia Nervosa C. Antisocial Personality Disorder D. Schizophrenia

D. Schizophrenia

Being able to control your behaviors is called: A.Relational control B. Behavior control C. Hostile control D. Self-regulation E. Instrumental control

D. Self-regulation

How are the sensory thresholds and age-related? A. Sensory thresholds differ randomly as we age. B. Sensory thresholds become absolute as we age. C. Sensory thresholds typically decrease with age. D. Sensory thresholds typically increase with age.

D. Sensory thresholds typically increase with age.

How can stress affect an unborn child? A. Stress can decrease the respiratory rate and increase the risk of diabetes. B. Stress can increase the heart rate and decrease fetal growth. C. Stress can increase the respiratory rate and increase the risk of asthma. D. Stress can increase fetal growth and decrease the heart rate.

D. Stress can increase fetal growth and decrease the heart rate.

What is the definition of evolutionary developmental psychology? A. The study of changes in human behavior over many generations. B. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to genetic mutation. C. The study of genetic mutations over many generations. D. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human development.

D. The application of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to human development.

What is the earliest form of self awareness in infancy? A. The baby recognizing him or herself in the mirror. B. The baby feeling embarrassed by food on his or her face. C. The baby responding to his or her name. D. The baby knowing he or she is a different being from others.

D. The baby knowing he or she is a different being from others.

When does a fetus typically gain reflexes and the ability to react to the environment? A. The second trimester B. Conception C. The third trimester D. The first trimester

D. The first trimester

Which of the following statements is true? A. The dependent variable is changed in the experimental group. B. The independent variable is changed in the control group. C. The dependent variable is changed in the control group. D. The independent variable is changed in the experimental group.

D. The independent variable is changed in the experimental group.

Amy is a graduate student who wants to write her dissertation on whether the amount of a given sleep aid taken before bed influences a person's energy level the next morning. For the purposes of her study, the sleep aid is _____. A. The dependent variable that is being manipulated B. The hypothesis that is being tested C. The dependent variable that is being measured D. The independent variable that is being manipulated

D. The independent variable that is being manipulated

How does the individual self differ from the relational self? A. The difference depends on the age and ethnicity of the individual B. The relational self includes our identification with social groups, such as a company or church C. The individual self includes our relations with others D. The individual self includes our traits, personality and physical appearance

D. The individual self includes our traits, personality and physical appearance

Which of these describes the previous view on family research before the current work around family systems? A. Men were the dominant force in the family, determining who had power and how much. B. The family operated as a system, working together towards shared goals. C. Researchers felt that the development of families was random and varied from culture to culture. D. The mother's relationship with the child had the greatest influence on the development of the child.

D. The mother's relationship with the child had the greatest influence on the development of the child.

How do you define epigenesis? A. The process through which genetics and behavior bring forth development. B. The process through which genetics and neural activity bring forth development. C. The process through which behavior and environment bring forth development. D. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development.

D. The process through which genetics and environment bring forth development.

How is the social learning theory different from the psychoanalytic theory? A. The psychoanalytic theory is based on measurable cognitive characteristics, and the opposite is true for the social learning theory. B. The social learning theory is based on emotion rather than action and cannot be measured. C. The psychoanalytic theory is based on unmeasurable behavioral characteristics, and the opposite is true for the social learning theory. D. The social learning theory is based on behavior rather than emotion and can be easily measured.

D. The social learning theory is based on behavior rather than emotion and can be easily measured.

According to Levinson, what is adult development based on? A.The emotional changes of adolescence B.The social interactions we have as adults C.The stable periods of adulthood D. The transitions and stable periods of life

D. The transitions and stable periods of life

What is reversibility? A. The understanding that people can change their behavior easily. B. The understanding that objects are constantly changed. C. The understanding that situations can become the opposite of what they were before. D. The understanding that objects can go back to their original state.

D. The understanding that objects can go back to their original state.

When he was one month old, Henry's behavior consisted of many reflexes. What substage of cognitive development was he in? A. Reflexive actions B. Coordination of secondary reactions C. Primary circular instincts D. The use of reflexes

D. The use of reflexes

What is the correct definition of self-esteem? A.When we feel really good about ourselves. B. A person's perspective on their values. C. When we think we don't measure up. D. The way we feel about ourselves.

D. The way we feel about ourselves.

How are the exosystem, the macrosystem, and the chronosystem similar? A. Critics felt that these levels were not worthy of being part of the theory. B. They all involve caregivers. C. They might not affect a person's development. D. They all have indirect impacts on a person's development.

D. They all have indirect impacts on a person's development.

How do parents and teachers impact a child's mindset on gender? A. They don't usually impact a child's mindset. B. They guide them in coming up with their own views on gender. C. They show them that there are no gender norms. D. They give them instruction and modeling.

D. They give them instruction and modeling.

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by most people who are bilingual? A. They have a learning disability. B. They should translate languages quickly. C. They come from one culture. D. They may not speak both languages equally well.

D. They may not speak both languages equally well.

How do children learn syntax? A. Through a process that consists of two stages: pre-writing and writing development. B. Syntax is always learned after children are three years old, through various grammar exercises that parents should do at home. C. Syntax is learned when children enter school and start receiving grammar lectures. D. Through a process that consists of a series of developmental stages, starting with understanding language and speech.

D. Through a process that consists of a series of developmental stages, starting with understanding language and speech.

Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked chromosomal error? A. Hemophilia B. Down syndrome C. Sickle cell anemia D. Turner syndrome

D. Turner syndrome

What provides evidence for a genetic link to intelligence? A. Heritability B. Complex traits C. Genetic testing D. Twin and adoption studies.

D. Twin and adoption studies.

What is the main goal of behavioral genetics? A. Discovering the 'personality gene'. B. Discovering new ways of modifying personality. C. Understanding why twins have different personalities. D. Understanding the genetic components of personality.

D. Understanding the genetic components of personality.

Which of the following is NOT frequently seen in children on the autism spectrum? A. Preference of being alone B. Difficulty interpreting social cues, such as facial expressions C. Demonstrating repetitive (stereotypical) behavior D. Violent or destructive behavior

D. Violent or destructive behavior

When does the germinal period end? A. When the zygote forms. B. When the three germ layers form. C. When the gastrula is fully implanted into uterine tissue. D. When the blastocyst is fully implanted into uterine tissue.

D. When the blastocyst is fully implanted into uterine tissue.

How do you test an experiment's hypothesis? A. You observe results from the experimental group alone. B. You observe results from the control group alone. C. You compare results from the experimental group with results from the control group. D. You compare results from the dependent variable with the results from the independent variable.

D. You compare results from the dependent variable with the results from the independent variable.

According to Erikson, children around the age of twelve are unable to commit to an identity, or regret the identity they've chosen, they may experience role confusion in the form of an identity crisis, this stage can be best defined as what ? A. young adulthood B. middle adulthood C. late adulthood D. adolescence

D. adolescence

An identity crisis is most likely to take place during the _____ A. latency stage B. middle adulthood stage C. young adulthood stage D. adolescent stage E. locomotor stage

D. adolescent stage

According to Erikson, at what stages does a person seek to establish an intimate relationship and become a productive member of society? A. intimacy vs isolation B. generativity vs stagnation C. integrity vs despair D. all of the above

D. all of he above

The emotional bonds that we form with family and friends can be best described as _____ A. love. B. anxiety. C formation. D. attachment.

D. attachment.

How a person learns to perform repeated tasks automatically is called _____ . A. executive components B. novelty C. performance components D. automatization

D. automatization

There are 200 boys who reside at a secluded New York boarding school. Despite having been vaccinated against the disease, 100 of the boys contracted measles. In response to the outbreak, the CDC sent a team to the school to conduct an in-depth investigation. This is an example of a(n) ___________. A. non-scientific investigation B. observation C. true experiment D. case study

D. case study

Operant conditioning involves: A. learning associations between two stimuli B. displaying a conditioned response after exposure to different stimuli than the one used in the original conditioning C. being able to discriminate between stimuli D. changing an organism's voluntary behavior through reward and/or punishment

D. changing an organism's voluntary behavior through reward and/or punishment

Your young daughter had never feared spiders. But after seeing you screech and react in fear a few times when a spider appeared in the house, she now cries whenever she sees a spider. This is an example of _____. A. stimulus generalization B. operant conditioning C. spontaneous recovery D. classical conditioning

D. classical conditioning

An elderly adult who feels content about her life is experiencing _____ A. autonomy B. stagnation C. generativity D. ego integrity E. despair

D. ego integrity

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his fifth assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. equilibrium E. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

D. equilibrium

The tendency of observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of inner dispositions upon another's behavior is called the _____. A. cognitive error B. false consensus bias C. self-centered bias D. fundamental attribution error

D. fundamental attribution error

Samuel hears his six month old sister crying, and tries to explain to her that their mommy is fixing a bottle and making a snack. Samuel tries to comfort his sister, but nothing works. Later Samuel asks his mother why his sister continued to cry even though she was fixing them a snack. According to the stages of attachment, Samuel is currently in the _____. A. active proximity stage. B. discriminating responsiveness phase. C. separation anxiety stage. D. goal-corrected partnership stage.

D. goal-corrected partnership stage.

A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure to the same stimulus is called _____. A. conditioning B.perceptual development C. sensory development D. habituation

D. habituation

Erikson's developmental stage of industry vs. inferiority can be compared to which of Freud's psychosexual stages? A. Anal B. Phallic C. Oral D. Latency

D. latency

According to Erikson, this stage is defined by a conflict between industry and inferiority ? A. oral-sensory stage B. muscular-anal stage C. locomotor stage D. latency stage

D. latency stage

In comparing sensory deprivation during child development with a plant that does not receive enough sunlight, a leaf that's small and yellow would be the analogy of _____ in a child. A. losing one or more sensory organs B. normal development C. having an excellent I.Q. D. later life issues such as depression

D. later life issues such as depression

Classical conditioning involves _____ A. displaying a conditioned response after exposure to different stimuli than the one used in the original conditioning B. being able to discriminate between stimuli C. changing an organism's voluntary behavior through reward and/or punishment D. learning associations between two stimuli

D. learning associations between two stimuli

Research studies that look at one individual or one group over a period of time are called _____. A. case studies B. cross-sequential research C. cross-sectional research D. longitudinal research

D. longitudinal research

According to Bronfenbrenner, the level that encompasses the cultural environment in which the person lives and all other systems that affect them is the ___________. A. exosystem B. microsystem C. chronosystem D. macrosystem

D. macrosystem

The level that includes the interactions between the different microsystems in a person's life is the _____. A. exosystem B. macrosystem C. chronosystem D. mesosystem

D. mesosystem

Your son does not like to clean his room. Every time you remind him to put away his things and make his bed, he complains until you give in and tidy the room for him to stop his whining. This is an example of _____. A. positive reinforcement B. positive punishment C. negative punishment D. negative reinforcement

D. negative reinforcement

When baby Terrell says 'wa-wa-wa' and points to a cup, his mother responds with 'you want water,' and reinforces his learning by giving him a drink of water. This is an example of the _________ A. perspective of language development. B. call and response C. information processing D. operant conditioning E. social interaction

D. operant conditioning

The component of language that involves the rules of structure and speech sounds is called _____. A. morphology B. syntax C. semantics D. phonology

D. phonology

Children's television has a _____ effect on development. However, some studies suggest that _____ television has a negative effect on behavior. A.positive; non-violent B. negative; violent C. negative; non-violent D. positive; violent

D. positive; violent

Sergio handles real world situations easily; he MOST likely has high _________ . A. creative intelligence B. analytical intelligence C. performance components D. practical intelligence

D. practical intelligence

Jane's grandparents are rarely around. They live across the country and send presents, but haven't seen Jane in three years. This style of grandparenting is referred to as _____. A. involved B. uninterested C. unattached D. remote

D. remote

A person experiencing a renewed interest in hobbies, friends, and work in response to a loved one dying is exhibiting the _____ response to death. A. numbness B. yearning C. mourning D. reorganization E. disorganization and despair

D. reorganization

According to Piaget, _____ is a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information. A. image B. memory C. organizer D. schema

D. schema

The ______ stage involves finding a set routine and feeling happily retired. A. Reorientation B. Pre-retirement C. Disenchantment D. Stability E. Honeymoon

D. stability

Unlike autosomal abnormalities, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome occur on _____. A. the 21st chromosome B. any of the 23 chromosomes C. any of the first 22 chromosomes D. the 23rd chromosome

D. the 23rd chromosome

As Gretchen has gotten older, her doctor has emphasized the importance of eating fruits rich in antioxidants in order to counteract the damage that free radicals in her body might cause, leading to premature aging. Gretchen's doctor appears to subscribe to _________________. A. the programmed theory, which is based on the idea that aging is genetically programmed to occur with time, and this process of deterioration eventually leads to death B. an unidentified theory which appears to be a combination of several damage and programmed theories C. the damage theory, which is based on the idea that aging is genetically programmed to occur with time, and this process of deterioration eventually leads to death D. the damage theory, which is based on the idea that external or environmental forces gradually damage cells and organs, leading to aging and death E. the programmed theory, which is based on the idea that external or environmental forces gradually damage cells and organs, leading to aging and death

D. the damage theory, which is based on the idea that external or environmental forces gradually damage cells and organs, leading to aging and death

Whether or not a research study measures what it's supposed to measure is the definition of __________. A.correlation B. a hypothesis C. descriptive statistics D. validity

D. validity

The book of mental illnesses used to help psychologists diagnose patients is called the: MTD DSM MRI MMD DTM

DSM

Which psychologist highlighted the issues with psychological diagnosis? Erik Erikson David Rosenhan David Hamm Alfred Binet Sigmund Freud

David Rosenhan

All of the following are true of dementia EXCEPT: The most common symptom of dementia is memory loss. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia. It cannot be cured in most cases. Dementia is a disease. Dementia typically occurs in late life.

Dementia is a disease.

According to Kubler-Ross, what is the order of emotional responses one goes through when faced with the knowledge of death? A. Denial, Anger, Depression, Acceptance, Bargaining B. Denial, Bargaining, Anger, Depression, Acceptance C. Depression, Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Acceptance D. Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance

Why is suicide not commonly associated with depression? Most suicide is committed during episodes of Persistent Depressive Disorder. Most suicide is committed during episodes of cyclothymia. Suicide is not a recurrent thought during episodes of major depression. Depressed people lack the motivation to commit suicide.

Depressed people lack the motivation to commit suicide.

All of the following can be expressions of a developmental abnormality in a child, EXCEPT: Physical delays. Difficulty with social interactions. Cognitive dysfunctions. Depression

Depression

Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness? Diabetes Conjunctivitis E. coli infection Influenza

Diabetes

Identifying the nature and cause of an illness is called: Classification A medical problem Statistics Diagnosis Pseudopatient

Diagnosis

What are four factors of developing a strong sense of efficacy ? A. social modeling B. mastery C. social persuasion D. physical and emotional state E. all of the above

E. All of the above

What are the ideas that helped Piaget to develop his basic assumptions, which form the foundation of his theory ? A. Physical environment B. Social environment C. Maturation D. Equilibration E. All of the above

E. All of the above

Diane meets her new neighbor for the first time, and notices that she is greeted with a smile. Which stage of social information processing is represented here? A. Evaluation B. Enactment C. Response accessing D. Mental representations E. Encoding

E. Encoding

Aggression, where the focus is on getting what you want, but not on hurting others, is: A. Behavioral B. Self-regulation C. Relational D. Hostile E. Instrumental

E. Instrumental

If Diane sees her neighbor's smile and believes it means the neighbor is happy to see her, what stage of social information processing would Diane be in? A. Evaluation B. Response accessing C. Encoding D. Enactment E. Mental representations

E. Mental representations

Which of the following is NOT an example of relational aggression? A. Encouraging others to ignore a person B. Breaking a person's confidence by disclosing their secrets to others C. Posting unflattering photos of a person on social media D. Gossiping and spreading rumors about another person E. Pushing a relative to the ground

E. Pushing a relative to the ground

Bandura's reciprocal causation model focuses on continuous interaction between the following three factors: A. behavior, reward, punishment B. learning, behavior, environment C. cognition, behavior, reward D. person, environment, reinforcement E. behavior, environment, person

E. behavior, environment, person

The beginning of retirement, when the novelty of being free is exciting, is the _______ stage. A. Reorientation B. Pre-retirement C. Disenchantment D. Stability E. Honeymoon

E. honeymoon

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his fourth assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. equilibrium E. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

E. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development.

The idea that aging is genetically programmed to occur with time, and that this process of deterioration eventually leads to death is known as the _____. A. mutation theory B. damage theory C. genetic theory D. aging theory E. programmed theory

E. programmed theory

All of the following are reasons people are likely to respond to situations aggressively, EXCEPT _____. A. it's a learned behavior B. someone has been aggressive with them C. they interpret cues to be threatening D. they have a limited set of responses E. they are punished a lot

E. they are punished a lot

Leon began experiencing anger, guilt and restlessness several days after his cousin's death. His reaction is BEST described as _____. A. numbness B. mourning C. reorganization D. disorganization and despair E. yearning

E. yearning

Which of the following statements is NOT true? Identical twins share 100% of the same DNA. The environment you are raised in will affect your IQ. Environment has little to no known affect on intelligence. Adoption studies provide evidence of a genetic link to intelligence.

Environment has little to no known affect on intelligence.

According to Piaget theory of cognitive development, what was his sixth assumption ? A. children are active and motivated learners. B. children construct knowledge from their experiences. C. children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation. D. equilibrium E. interaction with one's physical and social environments is essential for cognitive development. F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

F. cognitive development is stage-like in nature.

All of the following are examples of a CLASSROOM ACCOMMODATION except _____. Posting charts around the classroom indicating the books and materials students will need to each class period Seating a student with ADHD at the front of the classroom Scheduling the student's most difficult subjects in the morning when their attention span is maximized. Giving students with ADHD additional time to submit assignments that involve writing

Giving students with ADHD additional time to submit assignments that involve writing

John has been experiencing symptoms of irritation along with feelings of worthlessness and sadness. Why might doctors diagnose him with bipolar disorder? He has had a depressive episode for longer than three weeks. He has been having recurrent suicidal thoughts. He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep. He has changed his eating and sleeping patterns.

He has also shown symptoms of general agitation, fast speech and a decreased need for sleep.

Which of the following is a major criticism of Kubler-Ross's theory? A. Her theory fails to revolutionize the approach to caring for dying patients. B. Her theory has too many stages. C. Her theory fails to incorporate the perspective of the caregiver. D. Her theory assumes every person goes through the stages of dying in the same order.

Her theory assumes every person goes through the stages of dying in the same order.

. Madeline received a score of 125 on her IQ test. What category might this place her in? Average IQ This is not a possible score for an IQ test. Low IQ High IQ

High IQ

According to Kubler-Ross, which emotional response is constant throughout the stages of dying? A. Apathy B. Hope C. Anger D. Depression

Hope

Which of the following is TRUE about the intelligence quotient during adolescence? IQ is set during adolescence and cannot change IQ cannot be measured during adolescence IQ fluctuates during adolescence IQ is stable during adolescence

IQ fluctuates during adolescence

Ms. Smith supports administering IQ tests in school because she believes they can be beneficial. What is one argument she could make in support of the administration of IQ tests? Children with low IQ scores also have low creativity scores. IQ scores alone determine a child's potential. IQ scores can be used to not only identify weaknesses, but also strengths. IQ is more important than creativity when assessing a child's potential.

IQ scores can be used to not only identify weaknesses, but also strengths.

Which of the following has been shown in twin studies? Adopted children have IQ scores that resemble their adoptive parents. Identical twins do not have similar IQ scores. Identical twins raised apart have IQ scores that are less similar than identical twins raised together. Fraternal twins have more similar IQ scores than identical twins.

Identical twins raised apart have IQ scores that are less similar than identical twins raised together.

How can deviance lead to rejection by a group? There is no level of deviance allowed by groups; all deviance results in rejection. If you do not know the members of the group well, a deviant action can lead to rejection. If you bring in social norms from another society, deviance will never be an issue. If the deviance is beyond the level accepted by the group, rejection can occur.

If the deviance is beyond the level accepted by the group, rejection can occur.

Community-based health care offers patients services: None are correct In the next county over In a doctor's office In his or her neighborhood At the hospital

In his or her neighborhood

The institutional care facility that offers the least amount of assistance is: Independent living Continuing care retirement community None are correct Nursing home Assisted living

Independent living

Sarah delivers food to homebound seniors in her church. This is an example of: Screening teams Visiting nurses None are correct Informal network of care Late adulthood

Informal network of care

Candice is living in a health care facility, which means that she is receiving: Institutional oversight None are correct Late adulthood Her college degree Institutional care

Institutional care

Which of the following are some ways that anxiety manifests physically? It may cause faintness. It may reduce eyesight and hearing abilities. It may cause fatigue and headaches. It may cause heart attacks.

It may cause fatigue and headaches.

Which of the following statements is true about the Brand hypothesis? It states that older people have physical advantages over younger people. It supports the idea that younger people are smarter than older people. It states that older people are more likely to guess on IQ tests. It supports the idea that a person's approach to taking a test may impact their scores on IQ tests.

It supports the idea that a person's approach to taking a test may impact their scores on IQ tests.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of addiction? Low levels of dopamine Cultural celebration of substance abuse Prolonged use of a substance, or tolerance Prohibition of a substance High levels of dopamine

Low levels of dopamine

How is depression different from sadness? Major depression lasts longer than two weeks. Sadness does not have a specific cause. Major depression is harder to diagnose than sadness. Major depression involves suicidal thoughts.

Major depression lasts longer than two weeks.

If a person needs 24-hour medical assistance and monitoring, he or she is best in a(n): Assisted living facility Continuing care retirement community None are correct Independent living facility Nursing home

Nursing home

Before Adam leaves the house he double checks every lock, flips the light switch three times, and counts the number of dishes in the sink. Adam is likely to be diagnosed with: Obsessive compulsive disorder Anxiety Body dysmorphic disorder Depression

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Which of the following is NOT a cause of dementia? Old age Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease Substance abuse Hypothyroidism

Old age

Which of the following can be a consequence of social norms? Social norms lead to confusion, disorder, and chaos, which is essential in society. Social norms are not as important as deviance and levels of education within the group. Social norms lead to confusion and allow groups to decide who leads and who follows. People know what to expect in certain situations and feel less social stress.

People know what to expect in certain situations and feel less social stress.

What is the difference between substance abuse and dependence? People with dependence have a greater difficulty quitting than those with an abuse disorder. People with abuse use more than those with a dependence disorder. People with abuse have a greater difficulty quitting than those with a dependence disorder. People with dependence use a wider variety of substances. People with dependence use more than those with an abuse disorder.

People with dependence have a greater difficulty quitting than those with an abuse disorder.

Genesis is four years old. At the age of two, she was diagnosed with hypoacusia, a health condition that impairs hearing. Now, she uses a hearing device and receives therapy in order to learn how to speak and hear. What kind of developmental abnormality is this? Emotional Cognitive Behavioral Physical

Physical

Which of the following is true of a physical disability? Treatment can always correct the disability. Physical disabilities are always present at birth. A physical disability is always permanent. Physical disabilities can range from mild to severe.

Physical disabilities can range from mild to severe.

What sets psychotic disorders apart from other psychological disabilities? There are no treatments for psychotic disorders. Psychotic disorders are not well understood yet so they have been classified apart. Psychotic disorders are more severe mental illnesses that affect rational thinking. People with psychotic disorders need to live in isolation.

Psychotic disorders are more severe mental illnesses that affect rational thinking.

Why do children who attend school regularly have overall higher IQ scores? Schools provide higher physical development possibilities. Schools provide a way of acquiring higher cognitive processes. Schools automatically improve their recalling capacity. Schools prepare children for IQ tests.

Schools provide a way of acquiring higher cognitive processes.

Which of the following is not an example of CBHC? Taking a shuttle service that takes seniors to the senior center Seeing a doctor in his office Having a nurse give you a flu shot in your home All are CBHC Being screened by a team at your church

Seeing a doctor in his office

How did Kubler-Ross revolutionize care for dying people? A. She made caregivers more sensitive to a patient's emotional needs by focusing on care, as opposed to cures. B. She advocated in support of individual therapy for dying patients. C. She advocated for certain drugs that control pain. D. She didn't; her theory was proven wrong.

She made caregivers more sensitive to a patient's emotional needs by focusing on care, as opposed to cures.

Karla was diagnosed with mild dyslexia. How can this affect her life? She won't be able to go to college. She will have impaired rational thinking. She may need assistance with many aspects of her daily life. She will probably have a normal life.

She will probably have a normal life.

Which of the following is NOT a test used to assess infant intelligence? Stanford Binet Intelligence Test Bayley Scale of Infant Development Mullen Scales of Early Learning Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale

Stanford Binet Intelligence Test

A visual learner would learn best by: A. Taking something apart and putting it back together B. Reading a book C. Studying a chart or a graph D. Listening to a lecture

Studying a chart or a graph

Which of the following is true about the Bayley and Mullen Scales? Both scales are used to see how infants interact physically with the world around them. Both scales are designed to identify developmental delays and to provide information for planning intervention. The Mullen Scale assesses infants from one month old to 3 years and 6 months old, and the Bayley Scale is administered to children from birth to 5 years and 8 months of age. The Mullen Scale permits early, targeted educational intervention, and the Bayley Scale uses toys that are used to assess the child's perceptual abilities.

The Mullen Scale permits early, targeted educational intervention, and the Bayley Scale uses toys that are used to assess the child's perceptual abilities.

According to Kubler-Ross, how does the denial phase differ from the acceptance stage? A. The acceptance stage occurs before the denial stage. B. The denial phase helps to ease anxiety and fear, whereas the acceptance stage is a period of calm and peace. C. During the acceptance stage, the dying person feels invincible, whereas during the denial stage, the dying person realizes that death is impending. D. During the acceptance stage, the dying pers

The denial phase helps to ease anxiety and fear, whereas the acceptance stage is a period of calm and peace.

Which of the following contributes to eating disorders in today's world? The media Young women Children Young men

The media

Which of the following is NOT true about substance abuse? Genetics can be a factor. The person is unable to quit regardless of the consequences. It can have a negative impact on a person's work, school, and personal life. Dopamine levels can be a factor. It is a negative pattern of use.

The person is unable to quit regardless of the consequences.

What does the Fagan Test evaluate in infants? The test evaluates an infant's intelligence though their visual perception skills. The test evaluates the future height and weight of a child. The test evaluates an infant's intelligence though their socio-motor skills. The test evaluates the neurological impairments that may exist.

The test evaluates an infant's intelligence though their visual perception skills.

All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT: People with cognitive disabilities have difficulty performing mental tasks. The treatment for people with mental disabilities is always the same. People with psychotic disorders suffer from impaired judgment. Psychological disabilities are related to psychiatric problems.

The treatment for people with mental disabilities is always the same.

How is a gifted child considered different from a normal child? They have average abilities and are capable of average performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of average performance They have average abilities and are capable of high performance. They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance.

They have outstanding abilities and are capable of high performance.

How did Renzulli theorize that giftedness arises? Through the interaction of three human traits: average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: below average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity. Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task indifference, and creativity.

Through the interaction of three human traits: above average abilities, task commitment and creativity.

Why is the Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale used on children? To assess skills development To assess mental development To assess physical development To assess motor development

To assess mental development

What is methadone used for? To help with alcohol withdrawal symptoms To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of alcohol To help with nicotine withdrawal symptoms To counteract the effects of heroin

To help with heroin withdrawal symptoms

How can developmental psychologists diagnose a developmental abnormality? Conducting blood analysis to identify developmental abnormalities. Conducting genetic tests to identify mutations that have been connected with abnormal development. Using an IQ test, people with a score below 85 are diagnosed with a developmental abnormality. Using a developmental assessment to determine if there is a difference from typical development.

Using a developmental assessment to determine if there is a difference from typical development.

Which answer choice represents an example of effective academic instruction for students with ADHD? Maintaining the same standards for all students and enforcing strict discipline to ensure all students meet them Using learning assessments to gain an understanding of the most effective ways for students to learn Providing extra academic support, such as an additional study period or increased time to complete assignments Modifying the classroom layout to minimize opportunities for distraction for students with ADHD

Using learning assessments to gain an understanding of the most effective ways for students to learn

Which of the following does NOT form part of the Gesell Developmental Schedules assessment? Language development Fine motor skills Visual reception Gross motor skills

Visual reception

How is abnormal development defined? When development occurs in an unexpected way, and exhibits an unusual pattern of behavior, emotion, or thought. When development occurs in an unexpected way during adulthood. When a child shows similar development to their peers in every way. When development occurs in an expected way with typical patterns of behavior.

When development occurs in an unexpected way, and exhibits an unusual pattern of behavior, emotion, or thought.

When does the use of a substance become abuse? When it is extremely difficult to quit When it's used more than once per week When quitting brings withdrawal symptoms When a person uses more than one substance When it has negative social or work-related consequences

When it has negative social or work-related consequences

When can a recurrent behavior be considered compulsive? Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive. When it triggers a specific phobia. When it has negative effects on someone's social environment. When it prevents someone from attending social gatherings.

Whenever it becomes ritualistic and disruptive.

Which of the following would be the best example of dementia? You have to start making to-do lists because you can no longer remember everything you need to do. You forget to pick up milk at the market three times in a row. You lose your car keys twice in one day. You can no longer remember people who say they know you and are starting to become frightened. It is not as easy for you to recall past events as it used to be.

You can no longer remember people who say they know you and are starting to become frightened.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a social norm? You interrupt someone while she is speaking. You stand for the playing of the national anthem. You shake hands with a person when you meet them. You do not talk loudly in a movie theater.

You interrupt someone while she is speaking.

All of the following are examples of abnormal development, EXCEPT: Autism Blindness Muscular dystrophy A broken leg

a broken leg

A general definition for giftedness is _____. a child who is gifted was not born with that ability a child who is gifted is sometimes born with that ability a child who is gifted was born with that ability a child who is gifted is never born with that ability

a child who is gifted was born with that ability

A type of health condition that results in limited mobility, speech, vision, or hearing is referred to as _____. a physical disability a cognitive disability a mental illness

a physical disability

A person with a specific phobia, such as arachnophobia, has _____. an inappropriately relaxed response to a normally anxiety-inducing trigger an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger a heightened awareness to a specific trigger but not others an out-of-proportion anxious response to a random assortment of triggers

an out-of-proportion anxious response to one specific trigger

Laura had an IQ of 100, which is considered _____. below average gifted above average average

average

Early-onset Alzheimer's occurs _____. before the age of 65 with no warning in about 20% of people with dementia quickly and severely when a person suffers from an underlying medical condition

before the age of 65

Janis does not like to go out in public because she is afraid of getting kidnapped. Her fear is so severe that she rarely ever leaves her apartment, and does not trust many people. Janis' fear is _____. A. normal B. not recognized as anxiety C. constant and debilitating D. constant but does not interfere with daily life

constant and debilitating

Ivan was diagnosed with severe depression. He has a(n) _____ developmental abnormality. behavioral emotional cognitive physical

emotional

According to Renzulli, at the _____ of above-average ability, task commitment, and creativity you will find gifted behavior. cross roads roundabout intersection end

intersection

Depressed patients have been found to possess _____. elevated levels of serotonin and norepinephrine low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine low levels of serotonin and elevated levels of norepinephrine elevated levels of serotonin and low levels of norepinephrine

low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine

Karen must wash her hands a total of three times before she leaves the restroom because she does not like germs. After she washes her hands three times, she applies liquid hand sanitizer. Karen suffers from _____. generalized anxiety social phobia anorexia obsessive compulsive disorder

obsessive compulsive disorder

The steady increase over the past few decades in people's average performance on IQ tests is also known as _____. regression to the mean the Flynn effect the genetic influence the environmental influence

the Flynn effect

A social norm is described as _____. the expected behavior of a member of a particular group a behavior that makes people feel uncomfortable the basis of a person's culture an unexpected behavior occurring in a particular group

the expected behavior of a member of a particular group

The best explanation of dementia is _____. the decay of nerve cells in the brain a sudden or gradual loss of mental functioning that makes others worry about you a symptom of Alzheimer's disease the gradual loss of mental functions such as reasoning and memory that is severe enough to interfere with a person's daily life unpredictable changes in personality

the gradual loss of mental functions such as reasoning and memory that is severe enough to interfere with a person's daily life

James is trying to study for a test but he is having difficulty with all areas of information processing. What would help him improve the very first step of information processing? A. Connect the new information to a memory he already has. B. Turn off the tv, put away his cell phone, and focus on the material. C. Create a song, acronym, or picture to help him remember the details. D. Pay close attention to the scents and sounds in the room during the test.

. B. Turn off the tv, put away his cell phone, and focus on the material

Why is the mother's nutrition during the prenatal period important? A. Because fatty acids, calcium, and protein are needed to form the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems. B. Because getting enough folic acid is essential for healthy prenatal development. C. Because the unborn child receives all necessary nutrition from the mother. D. All the answers are correct.

. D. All the answers are correct.

A person with which condition is most likely to commit suicide? A bipolar person in depressive episode A bipolar person in manic episode A person just diagnosed with Persistent Depressive Disorder A person experiencing a major depressive episode

A bipolar person in manic episode

What is a mental disability? A cognitive condition that has little or no impact on a person's daily activities. A psychological condition that has little or no impact on a person's daily activities. A cognitive or psychological condition that is always noticeable and that causes permanent isolation. A cognitive or psychological condition that limits a major life activity in some way or requires special services.

A cognitive or psychological condition that limits a major life activity in some way or requires special services.

Which is the most accurate definition of an IEP? The document which provides a diagnosis of the neurobehavioral disorder ADHD An alternative report card for students with ADHD that assesses their kinesthetic learning A guide that instructs teachers on all possible effective classroom accommodations A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve

A document that tells teachers what academic and behavioral areas a student is working to improve

What is a good example of a sex-linked chromosome mutation ? A. Down syndrome B. PKU C. Hemophilia D. Sickle cell anemia

C. Hemophilia

Wisdom comes from _____. A.practicality B. age C. thinking D. experience

D. experience

The addition of something positive is defined as: A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment

A. positive reinforcement

A deviation from normal behavior or mental processes is known as _____. A. psychopathology B. schizophrenia C. genetics D. anorexia nervosa

A. psychopathology

How can anorexia affect a woman's health? Anorexia can cause extreme stomach and esophagus issues from the excess stomach acid. Anorexia can cause fluid or electrolyte imbalances. Anorexia can cause a woman to eat far in excess of 1,200 calories a day. Anorexia can cause an irregular menstruation cycle where a woman can stop having periods.

Anorexia can cause an irregular menstruation cycle where a woman can stop having periods.

According to Piaget, children reason like adults do. True or False

False