Clinical Phonology: Consonants PVM, Distinctive Features, Vowels
Voiced bilabial stop + obstruent / - sonorant - continuant - delayed release
/b/
V alveolar stop + obstruents / - sonorant - continuant - delayed release
/d/
V palatal affricate +obstruent / - sonorant -continuant +delayed release "jump"
/dʒ/
"ballEt" front mid tense unrounded
/e/
VL labiodental fricative + obstruent + continuant
/f/
V velar stop +obstruent / - sonorant -continuant -delayed release
/g/
VL glottal stop/glide/fricative + obstruent + continuant - nasal -syllabic
/h/
"heed" front high tense unrounded
/i/
voiced palatal glide -nasal -syllabic
/j/
VL velar stop + obstruent / - sonorant - continuant -delayed release
/k/
LATERAL liquid voiced alveolar liquid - nasal + syllabic
/l/
voiced bilabial nasal + sonorant + nasal
/m/
voiced alveolar nasal + sonorant + nasal
/n/
"pillow" back mid tense rounded
/o/
VL bilabial stop + obstruent / - sonorant - continuant - delayed release
/p/
RHOTIC liquid voiced palatal liquid - nasal + syllabic
/r/
VL alveolar fricative + obstruent + continuant
/s/
VL alveolar stop + obstruent / - sonorant - continuant - delayed release
/t/
VL palatal affricate +obstruent/ - sonorant - continuant +delayed release "chocolate"
/tʃ/
"two" back high tense rounded
/u/
V labiodental fricative + obstruent + continuant
/v/
voiced bilabial glide -nasal -syllabic
/w/
V alveolar fricative + obstruent + continuant
/z/
"bat" front low lax unrounded
/æ/
V linguadental aka interdental aka dental fricative + obstruent + continuant "the"
/ð/
voiced velar nasal + sonorant + nasal walking
/ŋ/
"father" back low tense unrounded
/ɑ/
"awe" back mid tense rounded
/ɔ/
"about" called the schwa in unstressed syllables generally central lax unrounded
/ə/
"mother" in unstressed syllables generally central lax rounded
/ɚ/
"red" front mid lax unrounded
/ɛ/
"heard" in stressed syllables generally central tense rounded
/ɝ/
"his" front mid lax unrounded
/ɪ/
VL palatal fricative + obstruent + continuant "shy"
/ʃ/
"could" back mid lax rounded
/ʊ/
"bud" called the karet in stressed syllables generally central lax unrounded
/ʌ/
V palatal fricative + obstruent + continuant "television"
/ʒ/
VL linguadential aka interdental aka dental fricative + obstruent + continuant "thin"
/θ/
airflow is directed through nasal passages
nasality is when
sonorants
nasals, liquids, and glides are all...
aspirated sound
pʰ means
unaspirated sound
p˭ means
sibilants
s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ are all...
inclusion of f, v stridents include f, v sibilants don't the th sounds are excluded from both
sibilants and stridents differ by the...
speech sounds (consonants and vowels) with no obstruction of airflow (obstruents = obstruct)
sonorants are...
Differ by delayed release Both manners are (+)obstruents, and (-) continuants
stops differ from affricates by the distinctive feature of...
(+) obstruents i.e. (-) sonorant (-) continuant (-)delayed release
stops distinctive features
obstruents
stops, fricatives, and affricates are all...
HISSSSSSSSS
stridency
sound produced by vocal folds vibrating
voicing is when
a voiced alveolar stop harry poɾɚ
ɾ What am I? Hint: not an /r/
a voiceless glottal stop The sound in the middle of uh-oh
ʔ What am I
(+) obstruents i.e. (-) sonorant (-) continuant (+) delayed release
affricates distinctive features
/ɑ/
all back vowels are rounded but...
/ʊ/
all back vowels are tense but...
unrounded
all front vowels are...
air flows continuously through mouth (-) continuants have complete closure of vocal tract in oral cavity or at glottis
continuancy is when
stridents
f v s z ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ are all...
ð, θ f, v (h)
fricatives that are NOT sibilants include...
all 3 are obstruents fricatives are continuants (+) affricates & stops are NOT continuants (-) then (-) continuants are divided into: (+)delayed release = affricative (-) delayed release = stops
how are fricatives vs. affricates & stops alike and different in terms of distinctive features?
liquids and glides are both - nasal but liquids are = + syllabic and glides are = - syllabic
how are liquids and glides are alike and different?
nasals are +nasal liquids & glides are -nasal duh
how do nasals differ from liquids & glides?
