CMPC Study Set

T/F? Confrontation can enhance and deepen the trust and safety of a workin relationship once initial rapport is established

True

Cue Utilization Model

When arousal is LOW, we receive an influx of unhelpful information bc of broad focus of attention. When stress/arousal INCREASES, it helps athletes focus on relevant CUES Can hit a threshold when arousal levels are too high and make it hard to maintain focus/attn becomes too narrow

locus of control

Whether one believes the events that occur around him or her are self-driven or driven by the external environment

IZOF

Zones in which individuals perform best, Makes athletes confident, relaxed and motivated. Described as peak flow Not just a single point Pleasant/Unpleasant Functional/Dysfunctional

Sociograms

a graph database that depicts the relationships among individuals in a group in order to map the group's social network

Motivational Interviewing goals and acronyms:

a style of collaboration/ communication designed to support individuals in the change process via their own decision making and motivations OARS = Open ended questions, affirmations, reflections, summaries PACE: partnership, acceptance, compassion, evocation Spirit of MI (CACE): Compassion, acceptance, collaboration, evocation

Spectrum of motivation ("organismic integration")

amotivation external introjected identified integrated intrinsic

What is a case study and why is it used?

an in depth exploration of a person, group, community project, program etc. useful when practical issues or logistics make it difficult to design a large scale causal-inference study

What 4 factors contribute to a coach's interpersonal knowledge? (another 4 c's)

closeness committment co-orientation complimentarity

What are some of the psychosocial responses to sport injury? BCEP ("bicep")

cognitive (injury related thoughts/ coping related thoughts/ self perception) emotional responses (anger, confusion, sadness) behavioral (active problem focused, avoidant emotion focused) pain

What are 3 psychological factors that impact sport injury rehab outcomes?

cognitive affective outcomes: how athletes think/feel after end of rehab Behavioral outcomes what athletes are able to do at the end Physical outcomes how well the body has healed at the end of rehab most direct path for psych outcomes is from psych to cognitive affective outcomes

Which has greater support for psychological responses to sport injury? Cognitive appraisal models or stage models?

cognitive appraisal

"Although Simeon has experienced many recent stressful life events, he doesn't take these events too seriously and has managed to avoid injury. According to the stress-injury model, Simeon has reduced his risk of injury through his" (AASP study guide example)

cognitive appraisals

Which interventions have good theoretical grounding but no experimental evidence for injury rehab?

counseling, expressive writing, performance enhancement groups, relaxation training, social support (mainly due to lack of experiments not efficacy)

goal context theory

distinguishes between intrinsic and extrinsic goals internal goals (growth, affiliation, contribution in community) are supportive of basic needs satisfaction external goals (social recognition, looks, etc.) can undermine psych needs.

what aspects of performance can mindfulness help?

improve attention, flow, self compassion, emotion regulation, goal clarity, and goal setting, improve subjective and objective performance, develop intra and interpersonal presence decreases worry

Factors that predict adherence to sport injury prevention)

intrinsic (ability to adhere, intention to, knowledge of injury risk, perceived benefits) gender, age, experience, previous injury extrinsic (availability, low ratios of players to coaches) adherence increased when interventions emphasize enhancement rather than prevention social influences (coach, teammates)

What are the 3 different factors of the Multifactorial Model of Sport Injury Etiology? describe them

intrinsic factors; extrinsic factors; inciting factors intrinsic/internal: age, gender, body comp, body weight, health, previous injury external: teammates, protective equipment; environment inciting events: joint motion; playing situation; training schedule

Theory of Planned Behavior

key for behavior change is the intention to perform the behavior. Influenced by: attitude toward behavior subjective norms (social pressure) perceived behavioral control doesn't account for emotional and unconscious influences; poor predictive validity; untestable

Marten's Model for Effective leadership

leadership qualities, leadership styles, follower qualities, situational factors

Health Belief Model

likelihood of adopting health change behavior depends on person's evaluation of threat of illness as well effectiveness of recommended behavior (doesn't account for beliefs, attitudes or other individual determinants that dictate a person's behavior; doesn't account for habitual behaviors

Chronbach's alpha

measure of internal reliability

intrinsic

participate because they are interested in the activity. enjoy it and are inherently satisfied by it.

introjected motivation

performance is due to ego involvement; guilt or pride is keeping them involved

Cote & Gilvert's definition of coaching success

"the consistent application of integrated professional, interpersonal and intrapersonal knowledge to improve athlete's competence, confidence, connection and character in specific coaching context"

sensorimotor stage

(0-2) learning the world through sensation and movement. recognize that they are separate from the people and things around them; actions can impact the world around them

preoperational

(2-7) language centric; using words to represent objects and thing symbolically; ego centric; have difficulty seeing things from others perspective

4 Tenets of Bordin's Conceptualization

1. all genre's of psychotherapy have working alliances and are differentiated by the type of alliance needed 2. effectiveness of therapy is a result of strength of alliance (if not entirely the result of) 3. approaches to therapy are marked by the required demands they make on patient and therapist 4. strength of alliance is fxn of closeness of fit between demands of the type of alliance and the personal characteristics of patient and therapies

formal operational

11+; problem solving; abstract thinking; can begin to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems; can comprehend philosophical, ethical, social, and political issues that require theoretical and abstract reasoning

1st, 2nd and 3rd wave of CBT

1st: behavior modification 2nd: modification of dysfunctional cognitions/thought processes 3rd: psychological and behavioral processes that facilitate health and wellbeing rather than reducing psychological and emotional symptoms

Nideffer's Model

2x2 model: Breadth, Depth broad/external broad/internal narrow/external narrow/internal

Chelladurai's Multidimensional Model of Leadership (APR)

3 components: Actual leader behavior Leader behavior preferred by athlete required leader behavior (read more in depth on this)

concrete operational

7-11; logic comes online; perceptions accurate; understand reversibility (water cup example "conservation"); can think logically about concrete events

REBT (ABCDEF)

Activating agent > Irrational Belief > Consequences Should: Disputing > Effective philosophy being developed which leads to new Feeling

thanstheoretical model

precontemplation - no desire/awareness for change (reluctant to MST despite there being a need) Contemplation Stage - recognize importance of change and committed to taking action in next 6 months (recognize the need to consult with an MPC to learn mental skills and weight pros/cons) Preparation - planning to change behavior and committed to following through (developing goals and a timeline to learn mental skills; MPCs can help facilitate by making sure plans are realistic and have a plan for dealing with distractions) Action - implementing plan and making behavior modifications, typically for less than 6 months (engaging in MST here) Maintenance - change behaviors are established in daily life, typically for 6+ months. Attempts made to prevent relapse and consolidate gains (athletes applying mental skills) Termination - self efficacious in engaging in new behaviors (athletes effectively and effortlessly applying mental skills in a variety of situations. MPCs mainly there for support at this point)

multidimensional Theory of anxiety

Cognitive anxiety & somatic anxiety effect performance differently different/unrelated impacts (orthogonal) somatic anxiety--same U shape relation to performance cognitive--negative linear relationship with performance

Knowledge requirements for effective coaching (6)

professional pedagogy (ability to coach) interpersonal intrapersonal setting vision/strategy understanding coaching roles

According to the international sport coaching framework, values, philosophies and goals to guide action are influenced by:

professional knowledge interpersonal knowledge intrapersonal knowledge

What are 3 factors that impact goal orientation?

Cognitive development level (can't compare others till teenage years; naturally task involved through developmental years; have to distinguish between effort and ability which is harder for children; kids usually task involved) Goal orientations (once understanding of normative ability comes online is when goal orientation comes into play; people usually a mix of both; perception of ability matters here; high ego w/ high perceived ability can be good; high ego but low perceived ability can be hard) Perceptions of motivational climate: coach values and recognizes effort & improvement; Fosters cooperation among team; Treats mistakes as avenues for continued learning and recognizes that all athletes play an important role

AASP Ethics (CIRCSS)

Competence Integrity Respect for People's Rights & Dignity Concern for Others Wellbeing Social Responsibility Scientific and Professional Responsibility

Performance Outcomes and Psychological Outcomes of coaching (4 c's) Cote & Gilbert which are performance and which are psych?

Competence (Performance) Confidence (Psych) Connection (Psych) Character (Psych)

2 forms for evaluating consultant effectiveness?

Consultant Evaluation Form Session Rating Scale

Consultant Evaluation Form

Designed to assess perceptions of the MPC and the amount/type of athlete-MPC contact 11 point ordinal scale valuable/reliable can be used during/after season and after delivering group/individual sessions

What is psychodynamic therapy and how does it apply to sport?

psychodynamic therapy is focused on identifying the root of the problem within the individual; may look into past; not a contextual behavioral therapy; bringing unconscious to conscious within the individual sport application: looking at how underlying factors within the individual are impacting how they perform & relate to the team; not so much at how the team is impacting them (kind of the opposite of feminist?)

How does the Multifactorial Model of Sport Injury Etiology describe the process of injury?

Discusses how internal risk factors predispose an athlete; how external factors make an athlete more susceptible to injury; and how inciting events result in injury

How does physiological/calm training show up in the body?

EMG (muscle tension, goes up) HRV (goes down for relaxation/balance) HR (more stress more HR) Peripheral body temp (more stress, lower it goes bc blood goes to major organs) EDA (electrodermal activity) more arousal, greater EDA respiration rate and depth -- increase with arousal

"During her third session with an MPC, Aanya reveals that she is not doing any home exercises. Aanya says the rehabilitative exercises are a painful reminder of the fact that she cannot play, which is making her sad, frustrated, and tearful. Which pathway explaining the ways psychological factors can influence sport injury rehabilitation outcomes is illustrated here?" (AASP CMPC study guide)

psychological factors contributing to rehabilitation behavior

What contributes to psychological readiness after injury?

realistic expectations High levels of confidence and motivation Low levels of fear and anxiety regarding return to sport

Session rating scale

relationships goals & method approaches taken overall

Reliability vs validity

reliability = consistent validity = does what its set out to do

6 Tents of ACT

self as context present moment values defusion committed action acceptance Goal: promote behavior change in a way that is consisent with personal values

According to the international sport coaching framework, what are the 6 primary functions of a coach?

set the vision and strategy shape the environment build relationships conduct practices and prep for comps read and react to the field listen and reflect

What are the 6 core coaching competencies according to the international sport coaching framework?

setting vision shaping environment building relationships running practices read/react to field learning/reflecting

cognitive evaluation theory

sub theory of SDT activities, when combined together, help individuals experience competence, autonomy, and relatedness which enhances motivation ex: helping athletes perceive an internal locus of control by giving them choice in team activities competence: enhanced when athletes receive feedback about their skills and performance levels and are helped to see their improvement relatedness: coaches are intentional about athletes lives outside of sport and interact with them on a frequent basis

organismic integration

sub theory of SDT that says there are multiple ways for an individual to act in a particular way extrinsic + internal combine to create total motivation

Goal Orientation

task vs. ego task = focused on personal effort and improvement in tasks they perform ego = focused on ability and performance compared to others addresses how children and adults different when it comes to cognitive processes around motivation

Mindfulness

the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose in the present moment and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding experience moment by moment can be considered a state, a disposition, trait, skill or practice

What are 2 issues that an MPC may encounter when it comes to supporting rehab?

the interprofessional team approach (collabs rarely happen outside of elite sport settings; discrepancies on who should provide primary/secondary support) making and receiving referrals (may be infrequent due to perceived or actual unavailability of psych trained practitioners)

identified motivation

they see the benefits of it and it's important to them. have buy in, but not intrinsically motivated. have identified importance, but not integrated it

integrated movitation

total buy in. activity is in like with their objectives. i'm committed to running 5 times a week to help me achieve my goal of running a half marathon, which is really important to me.

Factors that help prevent sport injury?

training, equipment, regulation, psychosocial aspects (stress mgmt) MPCs most likely to help manage stress response (meta analyses on psychosocial intervention found medium effect size)

Triangulation vs. Multimodal Assessment

triangulation is necessary when it comes to evaluation, rather than multimodal assessment with assumed transferability can use: questionnaires interviews observations these should not be assumed to transfer from individual to group context and vice versa assessment is an ongoing process

Describe Bordin's conceptualization of the working alliance

various types of working alliances exist, but Bordin argues that the strength of the alliance proves to be the major change factor achieved through psychotherapy

What helps build rapport?

Effective attending behaviors, listening skills, basic listening sequence, body language, empathically confronting, reflecting meaning, giving feedback client centered approach concrete and applicable mental skills appropriate boundaries

4 Stages of MI

Engaging, Focusing, Evoking, Planning

Draw and Describe Carron's Model of Cohesion

Environmental Factors influence: Personal factors, team factors, leadership factors Team factors are also influenced by personal and leadership factors The influences on these team factors then influences cohesion (task & social), which influences group outcomes an individual outcomes

Solution Focused - Brief Therapy

Guide client away from problem talk to solution talk Holds that there is no single truth because reality is socially constructed through human interaction (emic approach) Primary techniques: miracle question, interpretation and reframing

Example of Attribution Theory

If, for example, Johnny attributes his baseball team's loss by 5 points to his pitching, then he may experience shame. However, if Johnny attributes the loss to the high level of skill on the competing team, then he may be proud that he and his team held them to a five-point lead

Wingate Approach for biofeedback (IISTR)

Introduction - learn self reg techniques Integration - identifying / training most effective response modality Simulation - training with simulated competitive tests Transformation - transitioning out of lab into field Realization - achieving optimal self regulation in comp

Social Cognitive Theory

Learning occurs in a social context. Active agents who can influence and be influenced by their environment. (bobo doll experiment) Behavior impacted by: Cognitive /personal factors (knowledge, expectations, attitudes) Environmental Factors (social, political, physical, norms) Behavior factors (skills practice, self efficacy)

According to the international sport coaching framework, what are the two different types of coaching, and at what levels?

Participation and performance Participation: children, adolescents, adults Performance: emerging athletes, performance athletes, high performance athletes

Control Model of Debilitative and Facilitative Competitive Anxiety (Jones)

Perception of control over goal attainment impacts ability to cope with stress demands Appraised as facilitative or debilitative, which moderates anxiety performance relationship Facilitative = When athletes perceive they can cope with performance pressure and they are able to achieve goals Debilitative = no control over whether they can achieve goals or cope with performance pressure Control model of debilitative and facilitative competitive anxiety suggests that how individuals interpret their anxiety is most predictive of whether anxiety can help or hurt their performance. Self confidence and skill level impact perceptions of control Affect and mood state impacts appraisal too: affect leads to facilitative affect leads to debilitative

how does the Multifactorial Model of Sport Injury Etiology align with the Stress Injury model?

Personality -- Internal Hx of stressors -- extrinsic Stress response -- state of susceptibility

Psychosocial factors influencing stress injury model

Personality; History of Stressors; Coping Resources

What are the 4 factors that indicate that effectiveness of an intervention? (QRPP) "crap"

Quality fo support Psychological skill and wellbeing Responses to support Performance case study helps identify all of these factors in totality

Basic Listening Sequence (Quickly, Encouraging Pink Skunks Really Fast)

Questioning Encouraging Paraphrasing Summarizing Reflecting Feelings

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

General Adaptation Syndrome

Seyle's concept that the body responds to stress with alarm, resistance and exhaustion Alarm: body goes into fight or flight mode and mobilizes resources Resistance: if stressor does not continue, then body repairs itself (HR, cortisol, lowers). but if resistance stage lasts too long, then the body adapts to higher levels of stress (COPES) Exhaustion: struggling with stress for too long without recovery can result in drainage of physical, mental, emotional resources to the point where body can no longer fight)

What are some of the psychosocial variables that influence sport injury?

Stress (leads to muscle tension & attentional distrcation, narrowed peripheral vision) strongest support for narrowed peripheral vision personality hx of stressors mood states responses to stress (research mixed for lack of coping resources)

Which component of the stress injury model had the stronger correlation to injury than any other components of the model?

Stress reponse

Stress Injury Model

Stressful event occurs → cognitive appraisal influences stress response → which influences physiological and attentional changes (muscle tension, attentional narrowing) → which can influence injury

Which contributes to greater overall cohesion? Task or social?

Task task & social are independece of each other

Inverted U Hypothesis

Anxiety - performance relationship is curvilinear As arousal increases, performance increases to a peak, adn then drops off Based off Yerkes Dodson curve

Describe and draw integrated model of psychological response to sport injury

Appraisal of stressor and ability to cope influences how athletes response cognitively, emotionally, behaviorally to injury; appraisal influenced by personal and situational factors

Where can interventions be targeted for Stress Injury Model?

At the appraisal level and at the coping resources level

6 components of health belief model (BABSSS)

Barriers Cues to Action Benefits Severity Self efficacy susceptibility

What interventions have experimental support for injury rehab? "Big Guys In Mini Skirts"

Biofeedback, goal setting, Imagery, Modeling, Self Talk

Catastrophe model (hardy & fazey)

Looks at the interaction between cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. Under low levels of cog anxiety, physiological arousal is beneficial to performance up to a certain threshold (following an inverted U pattern). However, as cognitive anxiety increases AND physiological arousal increases, there is a catastrophe point in which performance rapidly deteriorates and can only be recovered if physiological arousal and cognitive anxiety are diminished.

Attribution Theory (CCS)

Looks at: locus of causality (internal [effort]; external [ref]) locus of control (individual feels they have control over outcome in similar situations [hydration, sleep, prep] vs uncontrollable [how teammates play] stability (will it happen again or not [stable = heigh of an athlete; height of a mountain; unstable = weather; opponents skill level]) Optimal attribution pattern = one that leads athlete to believe success is likely to occur again in the future

Reversal Theory

Low levels of arousal can be viewed as boredom while high levels can be viewed as excitement or anxiety Reversals back & forth between these two can impact performance by helping/hindering based on interpretation boredom = hinders relaxed = helpful (depending) excited = helpful (depending) anxious = hinders

REAIM

Reach Effectiveness Adoption Integration Maintenance

Kirkpatrick's Model of Evaluative Training

Reaction (reaction to training) Learning (what was learned) Behavior (assess if job performance changes bc of training Result (assess cost v benefit of training program? overall better off or worse or the same)

tranference

when client imposes behavior on consultant that they would a significant other

countertransference

when consultant imposes behavioral or emotional response on client that they normally would a significant other

When are athletes able to return to sport from a cognitive affective perspective?

when they possess (or have access to) psychological resources that facilitate a safe, productive, and enjoyable return to sport—and are free of psychological attributes that impede such a return (Brewer & Redmond, 2017)