CNA Ch 29 week 6 text

Atrophy

Loss of muscle size, strength of each individual muscle. Number of muscle cells decreases when a person is in their 40's. Causes weakness. Affects the body's ability to produce heat.

Reduction

Process of aligning the broken bones

Fixation

Process of holding the bone in one position until the fracture heals

Muscular dystrophy

A general term for A group of disorders that causes skeletal muscles to become progressively weaker over time. Inherited. Can be moderate disability to severe resulting in death. Most common form develops during childhood and usually causes death by age 20.

What are the leading causes of disability in older adults?

Age-related changes. Disability or discomfort related to the finctioning of their muscutual system.

Gout

Arthritis Utica acid build up. Generally in men past middle age most commonly affected.

Diseases that affect bones and joints are:

Arthritis, osteoporosis, muscular distrophy

rheumatoid at thritis

Autoimmune disorder

Comminuted fracture

Bone crushed under great weight . Surrounding tissue: muscle and skin may be affected as well.

Stiffness and pain in joints

Causes by being overweight, overuse of a joint, age related loss of proteins that make the ligaments, tendons, and cartilage more elastic and flexible

Weight bearing exercise

Helps maintain strength by stimulating the body to store extra calcium in the bones. It improves blood flow , allowing more oxygen and nutrients to be carried to the tissues of the musculoskeletal system. Continued use of the muscles helps retain strength. Flexibility of the joints is improved with regular exercise, which leads to fewer aches and pains.

Arthritis and osteoporosis

Inflammation of the joints. Associated with pain and stiffness. 20 different types. Most common are: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout

Impacted fracture

Jammed broken bones seen in jumping or falling accidents.

Closed fractue

No skin protruding bones.

bone tissue formation

Requires calcium. Aging decreases body's ability to absorb calcium.

Body's immune system begins to attack the bodies own tissues". Destroys cartilage. Pain, swelling , fever, general weakness heat

Rheumatoid arthritis

Green stick fracture

Splintering and bending of the bone. Most common in children due to flexible bones.

Open reduction, internal fixation ORIF

Surgically exposing the bone and the Use of metal plates, screws, rods, pins, wires to hold bones in place till the bone is healed

Spiral fracture

Twisting force breaks the bone breaks circles around a bone in a winding fashion.

Age related changes in the musculoskeletal system

Typically begins after the age of 40 but can be significantly delayed in people who exercise regularly and are relatively healthy . Normal age related changes are: loss of bone tissue; loss of muscle mass; and wear and tear on the joints.

osteoporosis risk factors

White race Small bones Smoking Inactivity Diseases of thyroid, /adrenal glands Lacking calcium, vitamin d (necessary for the absorption of calcium)and protein

Fractures

any break in a bone

Open fracture

bone fracture that breaks through the skin. High risk of infection