CNA chapter 14
Signs that a resident is malnourished include a feeling of ________ throughout the body, weight loss, frequent __________ and problems with ________
*coldness *infections *sleeping
Warning signs of unintended weight loss include residents have ________ that do not fit properly or difficulty chewing or __________
*dentures *swallowing
Fluid overload occurs when more fluids ______ the body than is __________ from the body
*enters *eliminated
Symptoms of fluid overload include weight ____, difficulty _________, and ________ heart rate
*gain *breathing *increased
Unintended weight loss may be due to an _______ condition or an ____________ diet
*medical *unappetizing
Reasons for fluid restrictions include recent _______, illness, a special _______ ____, or having a feeding ____
*surgery *medical test *tube
List three types of food that a person should eat less often
1. Added sugar 2. Salt 3. Foods high in solid fats
What are two things that can help a person eat less
1. Avoid oversize portions 2. Share or split your food
List soem examples of plant sources of protein foods
1. Beans 2. Peas 3. Soy products 4. Nuts 5. Seeds
List three factors that influence food choices
1. Cultural background 2. Ethnic background 3. Family traditions
List six types of food that are high in sodium
1. Cured meats 2. Salty or smoked fish 3. Processed chesse 4. Salted food 5. Vegetables preserved 6. Sauces with high concentrations of salt
What is one common abbreviation for a low-sodium diet
1. Low NA NAS
List five common nutritional problems that elderly people may experience
1. Malnutrition 2. Weight loss (unhealthy) 3. Dehydration 4. Dysphagia 5. Production of less saliva
List the information contained on diet cards
1. Residents name 2. Infroamtion about special diets 3. Allergies 4. Likes and dislikes 5. any other dietary instructions
List four examples of output
1. Urine 2. Feces 3. Vomitus 4. Perspiration
List four types of foods that a person should eat more often
1. Vegetables 2. Fruits 3. Whole grain 4. Fat-free
Ms. Brown just ate some lentil soup from a 6 ounce container. The NA measures the leftover soup, which is about 35 milliliter. How many milliliters of soup did ms. Brown eat
145
A healthy person generally needs to take in about 64 ounces of fluid each day. How many milliliter is this
1920
A resident has a fluid restriction and is limited to 720 milliliters in an eight hour time period. How many ounces is this
24
How many milliliters (mL) equal one ounce (oz.)
30
How many milliliters are equal to one ounce
30
For breakfast the resident has three ounces of orange juice, four ounces of coffee and four ounces of milk. How many milliliters is this
330
A resident drinks three 4 ounces glasses of water. How many milliliters is this
360
140ml + 110ml. + 170ml =
420
A residents urine output measures 15 ounces. How many milliliters is this
450
220ml + 260ml
480
For dinner, the resident has six ounces of soup, an eight ounce glass of cranberry juice, and four ounces of ice cream. How many milliliters is this
540
For lunch a resident is served eight ounces of coffee, eight ounces of water, and 10 ounces of soup. He drinks half of the water, half of the coffee, and eats all of the soup. How many milliliters is this
540
How many ounces of water or other liquids should a healthy resident be encouraged to drink everyday
64
What is the minimum amount of fluids that a person should drink per day to help prevent dehydration
64 ounces
What is the difference between a clear liquid diet and a full liquid diet
A clear liquid diet consists of fluids that a person can see through. A full liquid diet includes all the liquids served on a clear liquid diet with the addition of soups cream, milk and ice cream
What is a restrict fluids (RF) order
A medical order to limit the amount of fluids a person drinks to the level set by a doctor
Restricted fluids
A medical order to limit the amount of fluids a persons drinks to the level set by a doctor
Nutrient
A necessary substance that provides energy, promotes growth and health, and helps regulate metabolism
One disease that can make swallowing difficult
Alzheimers disease
The NA should report any decrease in ________ to the nurse
Appetite
Residents will not stop chewing
Ask resident to stop chewing/ offer small bites of food
Resident pockets food in his cheek
Ask the resident to chew and swallow their food
Resident tends to lean to one side
Ask the resident to place his elbows on the table
Resident has intestinal problems and is avoiding spicy foods and citrus fruits
Bland diet
Add fiber to diets, which helps with solid waste elimination
Carbohydrates
When serving meals to residents, a NA should
Check the diet card and identify the resident before serving the meal tray
Graduate
Container for measuring fluid volume
Which of the following is a sign of dysphasia
Coughing during or after meals
When a resident is dehydrated, he may have
Cracked lips
Most choices from this group should be fat-free or low-fat
Dairy
These products contain calcium, potassium, vitamin d, and protein
Dairy
This group includes foods that retain their calcium content, such as yogurt and cheese
Dariy
Resident has a change in vision
Describe food in front of the resident usign the imaginary clock
Resident is visually impaired
Describe the position of the food with an imaginary clock
Resident is counting carbohydrates
Diabetic diet
Staff may change special ____ order due to weight loss
Diet
The NA should check ____ _____ and meal trays to make sure residents are receiving the correct food
Diet cards
The medical term for difficulty swallowing
Dysphagis
If a resident needs his food cut for him before eating, this should be done at the dining table
False
NA should encourage residents to eat as little as possible so that they do not gain too much weight
False
Resident can drink liquids that are pudding thick from a cup with or without a straw
False
Residents must eat whatever food is served, even if it is not what they want
False
Residents who need to consume thicken liquids are still allowed to drink non-thicken coffee and water
False
The best position for eating is reclining about 45 degrees
False
According to myplate, what fat percentages should a person choose most often from the dairy group
Fat-free or low fat (1%)
Give flavor to foods
Fats
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated are types
Fats
Resident has had a stroke and has a weaker side
Feeding resident on the stronger side can prevent choking
Resident has severe heart or kidney disease and has fluid intake monitored
Fluid - restricted diet
Output
Fluid that is eliminated each day through urine, feces, and vomitus, as well as perspiration; also includes suctioned material and qound drainage
Important sources of dietary fiber and many nutrients, including folic acid and vitamin c
Fruits
According to my plates suggestions, what should half a person plate be made up of
Fruits and vegetables
Half of a persons plate should consist of choices from these two groups
Fruits and vegetables
Resident has no teeth or is missing teeth
Give softer foods
Resident has celiac disease, and foods containing wheat flour are eliminated from the diet
Gluten-free diet
One subgroup of these contains the bran, germ, and endosperm
Grain
At least half of all of these consumed should be "whole"
Grains
This includes all food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, and barley
Grains
Resident is taking diuretics and eating bananas, oranges, and sweet potatoes and yams
High-potassium diet
Resident has a serious burn that is healing and is eating meat, fish, and cheese
High-protein diet
Nutrition
How the body uses food to maintain health
How could a water pitcher being too heavy for a resident to lift contribute to dehydration
If its to heavy to pick up then she cant get the water
What is the benefit of thickening liquids
Improves the ability to control fluid in the mouth and throat
Lactose intolerance
Inability of the body to digest lactose, a type of sugar found in milk and other products
Fluid overload can occur when the heart, _______ or lungs are not working properly
Kidneys
Resident cannot digest the sugar found in milk and other products, but is allowed soy milk
Lactose free diet
Resident is consuming clear liquids with the addition of cream soups, milk, and ice cream
Liquid diet
Resident is drinking fluids that a person can see through
Liquid diet
Resident has heart disease and is eating white meat, skim milk, and low-fat cottage cheese
Low-fat/low-cholestoral diet
Resident has kidney or liver disease and is eating vegetables and starches and reducing protein intake
Low-protein diet
Resident has a bowel disorder and is decreasing intake of grains, dairy, and coffee
Low-reside or low-fiber diet
Resident has heart disease and is limiting his salt intake
Low-sodium diet
Resident drools excessively
Make sure the patient is in an upright position and using proper posture
One way for a NA to help prevent aspiration is to
Make sure the resident is sitting upright for eating and drinking
Guidelines for preventing aspiration include the following
Making sure food is swallowed after each bite
Lack of proper nutrition that results from insufficient food intake o ran improper diet
Malnutrition
Unintended weight loss puts a person at a greater risk for ____________
Malnutrition
Help keep bones and teeth strong
Minerals
Resident is trying to gain weight after surgery or an illness
Modified calorie diet
Resident is trying to lose weight
Modified calorie diet
Which of the following abbreviations means that a resident should not have anything to eat or drink
NPO
How the body uses food to maintain health
Nutrition
Resident bites down on utensils
Offer finger food
Resident cannot or will not chew
Offer soft foods/ stimulate chewing by pressign on the edge of their lips
Resident has dentures that do not fit properly
Offer thicker liquids and or soft diet
The NA should talk about food being served in a _______ way to encourage eating
Postiive
Which of the following is a cause of dysphasia
Problems with dentures
Animal sources of this include meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs
Protein
Eating seafood twice a week in place of meat or poultry is recommended for this group
Protein
Plant sources of this includes beans and soy products
Protein
Essential for tissue growth and repair
Proteins
Resident has trouble chewing and swallowing and cannot tolerate a regular or soft mechanical diet
Pureed diet
How should a NA properly test the temperature of food if she feels it might be too hot
Put your hand over the food to sense the heat
What is calorie balance
Relationship between the calories obtained from foods and fluids consumed and the calories used during normal body functions and physical activity
Residents holds food in his mouth
Remind resident to chew and swallow his food
Resident has poor lip closure
Remind resident to close lip
Resident forgets to eat
Remind resident to eat/ offer praise and encouragement
Resident eats too quickly
Remind them to chew and ask them to slow down
It is important for NA to ______ any weight loss they notice
Report
If a resident refuses to wear a clothing protector,what should the NA do
Respect her wishes
An ________ ______ order means the person must limit the daily amount of fluids to a level set by the doctor
Restrict fluids
When less of this is produced, eating and swallowing are affected
Saliva
The NA should ______ food to the resdients preferences
Season
Resident falls asleep while eating
Seat resident with other resident who talks a lot
Resident has poor sitting balance
Seat the resident in a chair with an arm rest
What should a NA do every time she sees a resident to help prevent dehydration
Should encourage resident to drink fluids
In which position should a resident be for eating
Sitting upright
Resident food is prepared with a blender or food processor
Soft diet and mechanical soft diet
Resident is making the transition from a liquid diet to a regular diet
Soft diet and mechanical soft diet
Which of the following information is included on a residents diet card
Special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other dietary instrucions
To which side of the mouth should food be directed if a resident has a weaker side - the weaker (affected) or stronger (unaffected) side
Stronger unaffected side
The NA should check for ________ of the ankle, feet, fingers or hands
Swelling
One sense affected by aging and/or medication that affects the appetite
Taste
Problems with these make chewing difficult
Teeth
Which of the following puts a resident at an increased risk of unintended weight loss
Teh resident has a difficulty swallowing
A force fluids medical order means that
The NA shoudl encourage the resident to drink more fluids
Which of the following is a guideline for how NA should read menus to residents and assist them with selecting their choices
The NA should make selections sound appetizing
Which of the following is a guideline that a NA should follow for helping residents during mealtimes
The NA should respect residents refusals to eat but report them to the nurse
Which of the following is a way that a NA can promote residents dignity during mealtimes
The NA should say positive things about the food being served
Which of the following is a responsibility of the dietary department
The deparment prepares food in such a way that resident are able to manage
Malnutrition
The lack of proper nutrition that results from insufficient food intake or an improper diet
Metabolism
The process of breakig down and transforming all nutrients that enter the body to provide energy, growth, and health, and helps regulate metabolism
Purée
To blend or grind food into a thick paste
Resident will not open his mouth
Touch the residents lower lip with a spoon
Dining tables should be adjusted to the right height for wheelchairs
True
Food should be served promptly to maintain correct temperature
True
Mealtimes are often the most anticipated times of the day for residents
True
Resident with dysphasia are evaluated to determine if they should consume thicken liquids
True
Residents should be given assistive devices for eating if needed
True
Staff should honor residents requests to sit with friends
True
The three types of thicken liquids generally used by facilities are nectar thick, honey thick, and pudding thick
True
Thicken liquids move down the throat more slowly and limit the risk of choking
True
What is the proper position in which to place a resident for eating
Uprigth at a 90 degree angle
Resident has poor neck control
Use a soft neck brace to stabilize the head
Resident has a protruding tongue or tongue thrust
Use assistive devices such as special staws ro cups
When assisting a resident who is usually impaired, how should the NA explain the position of food and objects in front of the resident
Use the face of an imaginary clock to explain
Resident chokes when drinking
Use thickener in the liquid remind resident to sit not stand
Resident tends to fall forward
Using a geri-chair will help the patient
Which of the following is the correct term for a person who does not eat any animals or animal products
Vegan
Resident does not eat meat for ethical reasons, but chooses to eat eggs and dairy products
Vegetarian diet
Resident does not eat meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy products
Vegetarian diet
Can be fat-soluble or water-soluble
Vitamins
The body does not make most of these nutrients; they can only be obtained through certain foods
Vitamins
Within this group, dark greens, red, and orange types have the best nutritional content
Vitamins
A person can survive only a few days without this
Water
Help remove waste products from cells
Water
Most essential nutrient for life
Water
What should be consumed instead of sugary drinks
Water
Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for life
Water
Fluid overload
a condition in which the body cannot eliminate the fluid consumed
Special diet
a diet for people who have certain illnesses or conditions; also called therapeutic or modified diet
Force fluids
a medical order for a person to drink more fluids
Fasting
a period of time during which food is given up voluntarily
Diet cards
cards that list residents' names and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and any other dietary instructions
Resident is eating whole grain and raw fruits and vegetables
high-residue or high-fiber diet
Apathy
lack of interest
Fluid balance
maintaining equal input and output
Glucose
natural sugar
Vegetarians
people who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diets. Some vegetarians also omit milk products and eggs.
Diuretics
substances that increase urine formation and cause the body to excrete sodium, potassium, and water through the kidneys
Intake
the fluid a person consumes; also called input
Input
the fluid a person consumes; also called intake
Vegans
vegetarians who do not eat any animals or animal products, including milk, cheese, other dairy items, or eggs; vegans may also choose not to use or wear any animal products