Nutrition 10.1-10.3
Based on the 2017 guidelines, high blood pressure should now be treated with lifestyle and in some patients with medication at:
130/80
Based on the 2017 guidelines, stage 2 high blood pressure is defined as:
140/90
The Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for water is based on this age group:
19-30
The Dietary Reference Intake for water meets about _____ percent of adult daily needs.
80
When is the best time to drink water?
All of the above
Water is lost from the body by all of the following except:
All of the above are ways the body loses water
The federal agency that regulates the public water system is:
Environmental Protection Agency
The mineral that is added to the public water system to prevent dental caries is:
Flouride
The minerals important to strengthen bones and teeth are
Fluoride, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium
The federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water is
Food and Drug Administration
A deficiency of this trace mineral may result in preterm infants recovering from semistarvation on a milk-based diet.
Copper
This trace mineral is neede for bone formation
Manganese
Major minerals
essential minerals found in large quantities in the body that are needed in sizable amounts in the diet
Trace minerals
essential minerals found in small quantities in the body and are needed in minute amounts in the body
Heme iron is found primarily in plants
false
Minerals are organic compounds
false
Standards for bottled water safety are more rigorous than those applied to tap water.
false
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults consume 8 cups of water daily
false
The water inside of cells is called extracellular fluid.
false
Water intoxication is common in athletes.
false
All of the following are electrolytes except
folate
Oxalate
an organic acid found in some leafy green vegetables that binds to calcium and decreases its bioavailability and absorption
The purest forms of drinking water come from ______.
aquifers
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of iron is:
beef, chicken, pork, fortified breakfast cereals
Phytate
a compound in the outer husks of cereal grains that binds with minerals and inhibits their bioavailability and absorption
Osteoporosis
a condition that results from excessive bone loss; it is associated with a limited calcium and Vitamin D intake and low levels of physical activity
Hypogonadism
a decrease in the functional activity of the gonads, ovaries or testes. It results in retardation of growth and sexual development and is associated with a zinc deficiency
Goiter
a defect of the thyroid gland that is associated with iodide deficiency
Nonheme iron
a form of dietary iron found in plants
Heme iron
a form of dietary iron that is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin; heme iron is found in meats
Contaminants that may appear in drinking water include all of the following except:
all of the above are potential contaminants
The importance of ___ in human diets has only been recognized in the past four decades
calcium
The two minerals that make up table salt are
chloride and sodium
A deficiency of this trace mineral may lead to impaired blood glucose and elevated blood cholesterol
chromium
The following beverages promote the most water excretion:
coffee, tea, alcohol
A deficiency of ___ causes goiter.
iodine
This trace mineral is needed for healthy function of the thyroid.
iodine
The only nutrient for which young women have a greater RDA than do adult men is ___
iron
This trace mineral is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells.
iron
the most abundant trace mineral in the body is:
iron
The list of trace minerals are:
manganese, selenium, copper, iodine
Water is needed for all of the following functions except:
ovulation
The list of macrominerals are
phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium
The compounds that can reduce the bioavailability of minerals are
phytates and oxalates
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of copper is
pumpkin seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts
Water needs vary by all of the following except:
race
Electrolytes
substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn, are able to conduct an electrical current; these include sodium, chloride, and potassium
Acid rain contaminates this source of water the most.
surface water
Most cities get their drinking water from _____.
surface water
Hydroxyapatite
the crystalline mineral compound of calcium and phosphorus that makes up bones and teeth
Fluorosis
the discoloration and pitting of tooth enamel caused by prolonged ingestion of excess fluoride
Environmental Protection Agency
the federal agency responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for public health
Food and Drug Administration
the federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water
Intracellular fluid
the fluid contained within a cell; it represents about two thirds of body fluid
Extracellular fluid
the fluid present outside the cells; it represents about one third of body fluid
Osmosis
the passage of a solvent, such as water, through a semipermeable membrane from a more concentrated compartment to a less concentrated compartment
Adults absorb 95%-100% of sodium in food
true
Dehydration is severe water loss.
true
Drinking water can be produced from oceans.
true
Excessive amounts of sodium and chloride are excreted in urine and perspiration
true
In general, men require more water than women.
true
Manganese is toxic at high doses and can cause nerve damage.
true
Mineral toxicity from the diet is rare
true
Minerals often compete with each other for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract
true
Minerals remain stable in food and are not destroyed by heat, acid, oxygen, or ultraviolet light
true
Most minerals remain intact during digestion and absorption
true
Most of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth
true
Spinach is naturally high in calcium, but much of that calcium is not bioavailable
true
The body's water content fluctuates during the day.
true
Water is needed for chemical reactions in the body
true
The proportion of water inside cells is ________.
two-thirds
Aquifers
underground rock formations that contain water, which can be drawn to the surface for use; aquifers produce some of the purest forms of water
The nutrient that predominates in most food is:
water
Groundwater
water located beneath the earth's surface in soil pores and fractures of rock formation
surface water
water originating from lakes, rivers or reservoirs; it makes up 50% of the nation's city water
Desalinated water
water produced when salt and other minerals are removed from seawater to make it fit for human consumption
Water has approximately ______ calories per serving
zero
A deficiency of this trace mineral can lead to poor sexual development in children.
zinc
This trace mineral is a part of 200 or so enzymes.
zinc
Your body works best when its temperature is about ____ degrees
98.6 *F
The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of calcium is:
milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese