Nutrition 10.1-10.3

Based on the 2017 guidelines, high blood pressure should now be treated with lifestyle and in some patients with medication at:

130/80

Based on the 2017 guidelines, stage 2 high blood pressure is defined as:

140/90

The Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for water is based on this age group:

19-30

The Dietary Reference Intake for water meets about _____ percent of adult daily needs.

80

When is the best time to drink water?

All of the above

Water is lost from the body by all of the following except:

All of the above are ways the body loses water

The federal agency that regulates the public water system is:

Environmental Protection Agency

The mineral that is added to the public water system to prevent dental caries is:

Flouride

The minerals important to strengthen bones and teeth are

Fluoride, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium

The federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water is

Food and Drug Administration

A deficiency of this trace mineral may result in preterm infants recovering from semistarvation on a milk-based diet.

Copper

This trace mineral is neede for bone formation

Manganese

Major minerals

essential minerals found in large quantities in the body that are needed in sizable amounts in the diet

Trace minerals

essential minerals found in small quantities in the body and are needed in minute amounts in the body

Heme iron is found primarily in plants

false

Minerals are organic compounds

false

Standards for bottled water safety are more rigorous than those applied to tap water.

false

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults consume 8 cups of water daily

false

The water inside of cells is called extracellular fluid.

false

Water intoxication is common in athletes.

false

All of the following are electrolytes except

folate

Oxalate

an organic acid found in some leafy green vegetables that binds to calcium and decreases its bioavailability and absorption

The purest forms of drinking water come from ______.

aquifers

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of iron is:

beef, chicken, pork, fortified breakfast cereals

Phytate

a compound in the outer husks of cereal grains that binds with minerals and inhibits their bioavailability and absorption

Osteoporosis

a condition that results from excessive bone loss; it is associated with a limited calcium and Vitamin D intake and low levels of physical activity

Hypogonadism

a decrease in the functional activity of the gonads, ovaries or testes. It results in retardation of growth and sexual development and is associated with a zinc deficiency

Goiter

a defect of the thyroid gland that is associated with iodide deficiency

Nonheme iron

a form of dietary iron found in plants

Heme iron

a form of dietary iron that is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin; heme iron is found in meats

Contaminants that may appear in drinking water include all of the following except:

all of the above are potential contaminants

The importance of ___ in human diets has only been recognized in the past four decades

calcium

The two minerals that make up table salt are

chloride and sodium

A deficiency of this trace mineral may lead to impaired blood glucose and elevated blood cholesterol

chromium

The following beverages promote the most water excretion:

coffee, tea, alcohol

A deficiency of ___ causes goiter.

iodine

This trace mineral is needed for healthy function of the thyroid.

iodine

The only nutrient for which young women have a greater RDA than do adult men is ___

iron

This trace mineral is a part of hemoglobin in red blood cells.

iron

the most abundant trace mineral in the body is:

iron

The list of trace minerals are:

manganese, selenium, copper, iodine

Water is needed for all of the following functions except:

ovulation

The list of macrominerals are

phosphorous, sodium, potassium, magnesium

The compounds that can reduce the bioavailability of minerals are

phytates and oxalates

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of copper is

pumpkin seeds, walnuts, sunflower seeds, peanuts

Water needs vary by all of the following except:

race

Electrolytes

substances that separate into ions in water and, in turn, are able to conduct an electrical current; these include sodium, chloride, and potassium

Acid rain contaminates this source of water the most.

surface water

Most cities get their drinking water from _____.

surface water

Hydroxyapatite

the crystalline mineral compound of calcium and phosphorus that makes up bones and teeth

Fluorosis

the discoloration and pitting of tooth enamel caused by prolonged ingestion of excess fluoride

Environmental Protection Agency

the federal agency responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for public health

Food and Drug Administration

the federal agency that regulates the quality of bottled water

Intracellular fluid

the fluid contained within a cell; it represents about two thirds of body fluid

Extracellular fluid

the fluid present outside the cells; it represents about one third of body fluid

Osmosis

the passage of a solvent, such as water, through a semipermeable membrane from a more concentrated compartment to a less concentrated compartment

Adults absorb 95%-100% of sodium in food

true

Dehydration is severe water loss.

true

Drinking water can be produced from oceans.

true

Excessive amounts of sodium and chloride are excreted in urine and perspiration

true

In general, men require more water than women.

true

Manganese is toxic at high doses and can cause nerve damage.

true

Mineral toxicity from the diet is rare

true

Minerals often compete with each other for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract

true

Minerals remain stable in food and are not destroyed by heat, acid, oxygen, or ultraviolet light

true

Most minerals remain intact during digestion and absorption

true

Most of the calcium in the body is found in bones and teeth

true

Spinach is naturally high in calcium, but much of that calcium is not bioavailable

true

The body's water content fluctuates during the day.

true

Water is needed for chemical reactions in the body

true

The proportion of water inside cells is ________.

two-thirds

Aquifers

underground rock formations that contain water, which can be drawn to the surface for use; aquifers produce some of the purest forms of water

The nutrient that predominates in most food is:

water

Groundwater

water located beneath the earth's surface in soil pores and fractures of rock formation

surface water

water originating from lakes, rivers or reservoirs; it makes up 50% of the nation's city water

Desalinated water

water produced when salt and other minerals are removed from seawater to make it fit for human consumption

Water has approximately ______ calories per serving

zero

A deficiency of this trace mineral can lead to poor sexual development in children.

zinc

This trace mineral is a part of 200 or so enzymes.

zinc

Your body works best when its temperature is about ____ degrees

98.6 *F

The list of foods with the most bioavailable sources of calcium is:

milk, yogurt, ice cream, cheese