CNA Chapter 21

Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body.

Active Assisted Range of Motion (AAROM)

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are performed by a caregiver with some help from the affected person.

Active Range of Motion (AROM)

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are performed by the affected person alone, without help.

7. List & describe four prosthetic devices.

-Artificial limbs (i.e. artificial hands, arms, feet, & legs) are made to resemble the body part that they are replacing. Made of strong and lightweight plastics and other materials, such as carbon fiber. Attached by belts, cuffs, or suction. -A hearing aid is a small, battery-operated device that amplifies sound for person with hearing loss. -An artificial eye, or ocular prosthetic, replaces an eye that has been lost to disease or injury; usually made out of plastic and held in place by suction. -Dentures are artificial teeth. They may be necessary when teeth have been damaged, lost, or must be removed.

2. What attitudes can an NA adopt to assist in residents' restorative care? Give an example of each.

-Be patient: progress may be slow, and it will seem slower to you and the residents if you are impatient. -Encourage independence and self-care: regardless of how long it takes and how poorly they are able to do it, remain patient. -Be positive & supportive: A positive attitude can set the tone for success. -Focus on small tasks and small accomplishments: dressing themselves may seem like an overwhelming task to some; break down tasks and congratulate them upon accomplishment. -Recognize that setbacks occur: Progress occurs at different rates. Reassure the resident and focus on what the resident CAN do. Document if any decline occurs. Be sensitive to the resident's needs: Some residents need more encouragement than others. Get to know them, and understand what they find motivating. Encourage independence: Independence improves self-image and attitude, as well as speeding up recovery. -Involve residents in their care: May cause residents to feel valued and more motivated. Team approach is inspiring.

3. List 10 problems that a lack of mobility can cause.

-Loss in self-esteem -Depression -Pneumonia -UTIs -Constipation -Blood clots -Dulling of the senses -Muscle atrophy (muscle wastes away/decreases in size) or contractures (permanent) -Reduction of the amount of blood that circulates the skin -Increased risk for pressure ulcers.

6. List 3 guidelines to follow to help residents maintain proper alignment.

-Observe principles of alignment. Remember that proper alignment is based on straight lines. The spine should be in a straight line. -Keep body parts in natural position. i.e. in a natural hand position, the fingers are slightly curled. -Prevent external rotation of hips. -Change positions often to prevent muscle stiffness and pressure ulcers.

4. What are some benefits of regular exercise?

-Quality & health of skin -Circulation -Strength -Sleep & relaxation -Mood -Self-esteem -Appetite -Elimination -Blood flow -Oxygen level

1. What does rehabilitation involve?

It involves helping residents move from illness, disability, and dependence toward health, ability, and independence. Rehabilitation involves all parts of a person's liability, including physical needs (i.e. eating, elimination), and psychosocial needs (i.e. independence, self-esteem).

9. Why should alcohol not be used to clean an artificial eye?

It will crack the plastic and destroy it.

Range of Motion (ROM)

Exercises that put a particular joint through its full arc of motion.

Passive Range of Motion (PROM)

Exercises to put a joint through its full arc of motion that are performed by a caregiver alone, without the affected person's help.

12. Describe the difference between passive, active, and active assisted range of motion exercises.

Active range of motion (AROM): exercises are performed by a resident himself, without any help. NA encourages! Active assisted range of motion (AAROM): exercises are done by the resident with some assistance & support from the NA. Passive range of motion (PROM): exercises are used when residents are not able to move on their own, and are performed by the caregiver with NO help from the resident.

Flexion

Bending a body part.

Dorsiflexion

Bending backward.

Rehabilitation

Care that is given by specialists to help restore or improve function after an illness or injury.

13. Why are deep breathing exercises performed?

Deep breathing exercises help expand the lungs, clearing them of mucous & preventing infections (i.e. pneumonia).

10. What is the purpose of range of motion (ROM) exercises?

ROM exercises put a particular joint through its fun arc of motion. The goals of range of motion exercises are to decrease or prevent contractors or atrophy, improve strength, and increase circulation.

Extension

Straightening a body part.

5. Look at the adaptive devices in Figure 21-3. Choose one & briefly describe how it might help a resident recovering from or adapting to a physical condition.

Supportive devices: i.e. canes, walkers, and crutches; used to assist residents with ambulation. Safety devices: i.e. shower chairs, gait/transfer belts; help prevent accidents. pg. 379

11. When performing ROM exercises, where should the NA begin? Which parts of the body should be exercised first?

The NA should begin at the resident's head and wrk down the body. The upper extremities (arms) should be exercised before the lower extremities (legs).

Opposition

Touching the thumb to any other finger.

Rotation

Turning a joint.

Pronation

Turning downward.

Supination

Turning upward.

8. What should be observed about the skin on the stump of an amputated body part?

Watch for signs of skin breakdown caused by pressure and abrasion; report redness or open areas.