EIF FINAL

Base Load

Amount of power needed to meet minimum customer demand

Electric power transmission is the final step in the delivery of electric power service to consumers. T/F

False

Electrical transmission networks are not interconnected. T/F

False

For a wind farm to be successful, the turbines must be placed where there is a minimum average wind speed of around 8 miles per hour. T/F

False

Fossil fuel reserves are evenly distributed throughout the world. T/F

False

Gas is pushed through a regional transmission line at approximately 25 miles per hour. T/F

False

Gas turbine generation is more efficient than steam generation because it operates under lower pressure. T/F

False

Gasoline and diesel oil are never used to power steam generation plants. T/F

False

Generators only work in isolation. T/F

False

Geothermal energy plants can be placed almost anywhere, as heat from the earth's core is easily accessible. T/F

False

Heat created by burning coal converts water in a generator into high-pressure steam. T/F

False

Historically, utility companies were established as horizontally integrated entities. T/F

False

In the biochemical conversion of biomass to biogas, nitrogen-fixing bacteria play a key role. T/F

False

Independent System Operators monitor the supply of electric power nationwide. T/F

False

Individual service connections branch off the intrastate pipeline before connecting to a house. T/F

False

It takes more fuel today to produce one kilowatt of power than it did 75 years ago. T/F

False

Nuclear fuel rods are used for about 15 years before they are considered spent nuclear fuel. T/F

False

Unplanned outages result from routine line maintenance. T/F

False

The steam-electric cycle loses energy from all of the following EXCEPT:

Fission

For electric power generation, natural gas is used either in steam turbine generation or by using ______________________ to turn turbines.

Hot combustion gases

Peaking power plants typically include the following types of plants:

Hydroelectric

Which of these types of generation do not require a furnace?

Hydroelectric

Natural gas requires cleaning because it may include undesirable components such as sand and:

Hydrogen Sulfide

Fossil fuels are

Made of hydrocarbons

Hydroelectric power:

Requires a constant flow of water

Residential Connections

Requires distribution voltage levels of 120/240 single phase service

Kilowatt Hour (kWh)

The unit of electricity use by customers

High pressure transmission pipelines consist of interstate and intrastate pipelines. T/F

True

High-grade coal has less sulfur and produces less ash than low-grade coal. T/F

True

Holding companies were created as an attempt to benefit from economies of scale? T/F

True

In the Northern Hemisphere, the sun is always angled toward the south. T/F

True

Independent power producers must use the transmission capabilities of other utilities to transmit the power they have generated. T/F

True

Interconnected networks include redundant power sources for reliability. T/F

True

The primary purpose of the energy and utility industries are to provide safe, adequate and reliable services to the public. T/F

True

The purpose of the smart grid is to reduce system demands and costs. T/F

True

The strength of ocean waves is related to the tides, which are affected by gravitational forces. T/F

True

British thermal Unit

Unit of energy

The capacity of a wind turbine to generate electricity is primarily determined by the:

Volume of wind

Transmission Voltages

44 kV to 500 kV

In the United States, commercial power generation companies produce a _____________ current.

60 Hertz

High-use (non-residential) customers are serviced by special distribution connections at voltages of:

7.2 kV to 14.4 kV

Flash steam plant

A geothermal plant that uses high pressure hot water

Distribution Voltages

Composed of a radial or interconnected configuration

After cleaning and processing, gas next moves through pipelines to a gas storage field or a _______________________.

Compressor Station

Thermal solar power plants use mirrors to focus and ________________ sunlight.

Concentrate

To reuse the exhaust steam from the turbine, a large hollow box is attached to the exhaust opening of the turbine. This box is referred to as a ____________through which relatively cool water is pumped.

Condenser

Overhead power distribution lines are also known as:

Conductors

______________ are materials such as copper and aluminum that allow current to flow freely through them.

Conductors

Distribution Mains

Connect to the street mains which then branch into individual service connections

Feeder Circuits

Connections between the power output of the distribution substation and the input terminals or distribution primary circuits.

Most investor-owned utilities perform all of the following functions EXCEPT:

Consumption

A substation ______________________ contains switchboard panels, batteries, SCADA panels, meters and relays.

Control House

Safety precautions designed to prevent reactor failures include the use of:

Cooling Systems

The type of utility organization whose customers each own a share, and receive rebates if excess revenue is collected at the end of the year:

Cooperative

Federal Power Commission

Created to coordinate hydroelectric projects

Generation

Creation of electrical energy

Agricultural energy sources come from:

Crops planted and harvested for use as biofuel

The intent of the Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act was to stamp out completion with utility companies? T/F

False

The invention of the transformer made providing DC power to individual customers easier? T/F

False

The law of energy conservation means that power plants are 100% efficient in their conversion of fuel into electricity. T/F

False

The main function of a condenser is to convert the heat energy of steam into more easily used electrical energy. T/F

False

The majority of overhead power transmission lines are insulated for safety. T/F

False

The primary use of petroleum energy is in manufacturing. T/F

False

The right of way for a distribution system is larger than for the transmission system. T/F

False

The smart grid involves only the electric power transmission and distribution systems. T/F

False

There are over 2 million miles of city mains and service pipelines in the U.S. T/F

False

Thomas Sprague invented the incandescent light bulb? T/F

False

To ensure stability, most utility companies use a single fuel source. T/F

False

Transformation of the current electric power grid system to a smart grid system will be completed in the next 10 years. T/F

False

Underground distribution lines take up less space and are less expensive than overhead distribution lines. T/F

False

Distribution circuits are comprised of circuit breakers, circuit regulators, and:

Feeder Circuits

Current

Flow of electrons through a conductor

______________________ voltages are needed to move large amounts of electricity long distances with minimum losses.

Higher

What impurities are removed from natural gas before it is transported?

Hydrogen sulfide

Sufficient heat to raise the fuel/air temperature of the fuel to reach ignition temperature is provided by the________________.

Igniters

Scheduled outages are pre-planned interruptions in service for maintenance or:

Improvements

Green House gases

These make up part of the atmosphere both natural and manmade that trap and hold heat within the atmosphere

Blackout

Total loss of electrical power service to an area

Thermal Gasification

Transformation biomass into a useful gas in the presence of heat and a small amount of oxygen

A____________ is an electrical device by which alternating current of one voltage is changed to another voltage.

Transformer

Public utilities are usually unsuited for what types of services

Transportation services

A TAPCHAN is a form of fixed device designed to harness ocean waves. T/F

True

A load following power plant operates in between base load and peaking power plants. T/F

True

A massive blackout on the east Coast led to an examination of the reliability of the elyria grid? T/F

True

A residential service drop consists of 3 lines. T/F

True

A transformer cannot produce power. T/F

True

An increase in voltage through overhead power lines results in an increased incidence of arcing. T/F

True

Automatic meter reading may still require a meter reader to visit home meters to collect data. T/F

True

Coal is classified by:

Rank

The uranium core is contained within the ________________________.

Reactor Vessel

Advanced metering technologies allow consumers to save energy and money by sharing ______________________with them.

Real-time Data

Ground wires

Reduces potential damage to transmission lines from lighting strikes

If one component of the transmission system fails, system _________________ ensures that operations continue through an alternate route.

Redundancy

_______________________________ connect to lower pressure distribution mains which connect to local valves.

Regional Transmission Pipelines

Balancing Authorities

Regional organizations responsible for administering the transmission grid

The U.S. natural gas pipeline network is similar to the electric power system in that it is an interconnected grid:

Regulated by the Federal Government

Transmission pipelines utilize specialized __________ to reduce pressure.

Regulators

Which of the following components control the pressure in gas pipelines?

Regulators

The _____________ is a heater that reheats the steam after it has been through part of the turbine.

Reheater

Federal Pipeline Safety Act of 2002

Requires companies to create and implement a transmission integrity management plan

Brownouts reduce the electric power system's voltage. T/F

True

Burning fuel oil has similar effects on the air as burning coal. T/F

True

Coal is classified as a hydrocarbon. T/F

True

Common residential customer voltage levels are 120/240 volts. T/F

True

Difference in coal rank is measured by a progressive increase in water and in volatile matter, and by a progressive decrease in carbon and heat content. T/F

True

Distribution and transmission systems must maintain the same level of redundancy to ensure that electrical power can be re-routed in an outage. T/F

True

Distribution systems can be publicly-owned. T/F

True

Distribution transformers may be seen overhead or on the ground. T/F

True

Eighty percent of North American transmission lines are investor-owned. T/F

True

Electricity flowing through high voltage lines experiences electrical resistance that produces heat. T/F

True

Electricity is delivered as it is generated (rather than stored for later use). T/F

True

Electricity travels through the path of least resistance. T/F

True

Ethanol is created by the process of fermentation. T/F

True

Fractions are what remain after oil distillation. T/F

True

Fuel oils are the petroleum products used to generate electrical power. T/F

True

Gas can be used to generate electricity that is distributed to homes or it can be distributed to homes and directly burned to create heat. T/F

True

Gas transmission systems operate at a higher pressure than distribution systems. T/F

True

Gas turbine plants are considered among the most expensive to operate. T/F

True

Geothermal energy is relatively nonpolluting, clean, and safe. T/F

True

Ground wires go all the way down the pole and then 8-10 feet underground. T/F

True

High grades of coal have a higher percent of pure carbon than low grades. T/F

True

Large cities have more than one gate station. T/F

True

What category of electricity consumer include the use of electricity for air conditioning and heating, water heating, lighting, clothes washing, cooking and refrigeration?

Residential Correct

Which of the following is not part of the power transmission system?

Residential Customers

Corona Loss

Results from a n electrical discharge in high voltage power lines and ionization of the surrounding air

Large hydroelectric plants in the U.S. are run by the federal government. T/F

True

Lignite is a crumbly, brown colored coal with a woody texture. T/F

True

Load shedding involves removing power demand from the system. T/F

True

Local distribution systems are governed by local organizations which are controlled by regional organizations which answer to national organizations. T/F

True

Major power grid interconnections are often connected by direct current lines. T/F

True

Many careers in the utility industry require shift work. T/F

True

Many jobs in the utility industry require a fitness for duty (FFD) or physical requirements. T/F

True

Monopolies were outlawed in the U.S. be Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? T/F

True

Most electrical power customers get their electricity through substation distribution circuits rather than from the transmission or subtransmission system. T/F

True

Most overhead distribution lines are uninsulated.

True

Most solar power plants are tied into the electrical grid and do not use batteries or other energy storage devices. T/F

True

Natural gas is odorless until it passes the city gate station. T/F

True

Natural gas often serves as the fuel source in cogeneration? T/F

True

Natural gas, like petroleum, is made of hydrogen and carbon. T/F

True

Natural gas-powered turbines operate like jet engines. T/F

True

Oil, coal, and natural gas are nonrenewable resources. T/F

True

One of NERC's major responsibilities is to provide education and training. T/F

True

Pearl street station was powered by steam engines? T/F

True

Photovoltaic systems cannot store electricity. T/F

True

Power generation is connected with power transmission at a switching station. T/F

True

Power plants are commonly located along large bodies of water. T/F

True

Power that is consumed by appliances when turned off is commonly called "phantom power." T/F

True

Pressurized Water Reactors house a steam generator that creates steam to move a turbine. T/F

True

Privately invested electric power companies were the earliest form of business structure for the electric power industry. T/F

True

What is the name of the primary labor union that represents electrical workers?

IBEW

Gas transmission and distribution systems use _______________ technologies, much like the electric power transmission and distribution systems.

SCADA

Which of the following provides the connection between the distribution system and the customer's electric meter?

Service Drop

Interconnected distribution systems have:

Several Connections to power supplies

Radial distribution networks are cheaper than interconnected networks. T/F

True

Raw gas must be cleaned before being used in homes. T/F

True

Regional Transmission Organizations differ from Independent System. Operators in that they must meet specific regulations established under FERC. T/F

True

Regulators can be constructed underground. T/F

True

Right of way lands are set aside for electric power transmission towers. T/F

True

Scheduled distribution line outages are typically pre-planned for activities such as routine maintenance, improvements or repair. T/F

True

Secondary Lines connect to service drops. T/F

True

Service drops lead from the distribution pole transformer to the house. T/F

True

Since the turbine blades are directly connected to the generator, rotation of the rotor on a wind generator moves the magnetic field over the coils of the generator producing electrical current. T/F

True

Smart grid technology will give transmission system operators real-time data about consumer energy use and system performance. T/F

True

Smart meters are designed to reduce billing mistakes. T/F

True

Sunlight is composed of photons, or bundles of radiant energy. T/F

True

The North American Reliability Council was formed in response to the 1965 Blackout. T/F

True

The U.S National Pipeline Grid includes more than 300,000 miles of interstate transmission pipelines. T/F

True

The U.S. electric power system is an interconnection of three major systems: the Eastern Interconnection, the Western Interconnection, and the Texas (ERCOT) Interconnection. T/F

True

The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, gas and oil, is the most common method of electric generation in the U.S. T/F

True

The distribution system takes power from the transmission grid and steps down the voltage T/F

True

The flow of natural gas through a pipeline may be increased by increasing the pressure in the line. T/F

True

The movement or "bobbing" of the floating devices creates energy that can be converted into electricity. T/F

True

The term public utility refers to the nature of the business, not to the ownership of an organization. T/F

True

There are more than 400 underground natural gas storage facilities in the U.S. T/F

True

There is no physical connection between the primary and secondary windings in a transformer T/F

True

Transmission systems operate at a higher voltage than distribution systems. T/F

True

Uranium can damage human cells or even cause cancer. T/F

True

When a distribution network experiences an outage, it affects a small area. T/F

True

Wind is an inexhaustible renewable resource. T/F

True

Yellowcake is a compact and stable form of uranium ore. T/F

True

The ____________ is used to convert steam to mechanical energy.

Turbine

A tidal barrage using ________________ generates power by allowing the turbines to operate as the high tide comes in and as it goes out.

Two-way generation

Gas transmission pipelines may run:

Underground

Line overload, equipment failure, and severe weather can cause:

Unplanned Outages

Fuel Rods

Uranium pellets are packed into these

High voltage DC

Used for transmission of large amounts of power over distances of more than 400 miles

Automatic Meter Reading (AMR)

Uses telemetry to collect data from an electric meter

Passive solar Heating

Using solar radiation to heat home directly

Boiler

Vessel in which water is heated to generate steam

A capacitor is used to regulate___________.

Voltage

Power plants that burn garbage as fuel are called:

Waste-to-energy power plants

The ___________________ are placed directly in the walls of the furnace to absorb the greatest possible amount of heat in the boiler.

Waterwall tubes

Natural gas must be extracted from:

Wells

SCADA

a remote monitoring tool used to asses and control the electric transmission system

What are small power plants that generate power to resale to others through renewable technologies such as biomass, geothermal, wind and solar?

Small Power Producers Correct

Critical mass

Smallest amount of radioactive material needed to support a chain reaction

____________ technologies involve greater automation, interaction between the parts of the system, gathering of real-time data about system operation and ease of consumer response.

Smart

Ethanol

The most common fuel derived from biomass

The obligation to serve is?

The obligation to provide a reliable power supply.

Peat bogs

The place coal originated

Electric Power distribution

The transfer of high voltage electrical energy from substations to the end customer.

Coal-fired power plants and their electric utilities are subject to federal laws requiring:

The use of pollution control systems

Residual fuel oil

after refining these contain fractions that cannot be vaporized and thus are dark heavy and high viscosity

Mercaptan

an additive to natural gas which gives it a distinctive odor

Surface mining

another name for strip mining

Interstate Pipeline

long-distance wide diameter high capacity pipeline that transports the majority of natural gas thought the U.S.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

meter technology that uses enhanced communication technologies that automatically measure and report power usage information

regulator

on the transmission lines; they reduce pressure of gas going to high and low pressure distribution mains

Intrastate Pipeline

operate within a state's borders; connect gas producers, local distributors and the interstate network

Step-down Transformer

reduces circuit collage for a specific customer application

Flood Generation

generates power allowing the turbines to operate as the high tide comes in

Step-up Transformer

has fewer turns in its primary winding

Reclamation

restoring land used for mining to a useable state

Chain reaction

self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions can be controlled or uncontrolled

street mains

smaller components of the local distribution system; can be shut off with local valves

Smart meter

specialized electric power meter that measures the amount of power consumed and has the ability to communicate information between the meter and a central system

Anthracite

the hardest coal

Bituminous Coal

the most plentiful coal

Switching stations

where the power generation plant is connected to the transmission system

Transmission Switching

Connecting and disconnecting of transmission lines to the system

Because of the labor involved, it often costs more to mine coal than to move it across the country. T/F

False

Electric power distribution begins with generation and ends at the distribution substation. T/F

False

Scheduled Outage

When a portion of a power system is intentionally shut down

Common residential customer voltage is:

120 volts

An arrangement of connected solar panels is called:

An array

The transmission system operates at high voltages in ranges from ____________ to_________ volts.

138,000 TO 1,000,000

In a pipeline, natural gas is pushed at a speed of about _____miles per hour.

15

On average, it takes _________days for gas to travel 1,000 miles via pipeline.

3

Binary Cycle Plant

A geothermal power plant that uses heat from lower-temperature resources to vaporize a fluid with a lower boiling point than water; the temperature difference between the two fluids creates vapor which drives a turbine to generate electricity

Dry Steam Plant

A geothermal power plant that uses superheated steam that comes directly from the geothermal heat source

__________________ develops in the iron core of a transformer as alternating current flows in the primary winding.

A magnetic field

Natural gas is made up of:

A mixture of gases

Peak Load

A significant increase in customer demand

Tidal barrage

A tidal power station

The steam drum serves several purposes. These include all of the following EXCEPT:

Absorbing the greatest possible amount of heat directly from the walls of the furnace

Mercaptan

Added to gas a a safety precaution

Like transmission systems, distribution systems are responsible for maintaining a safe and __________________ power supply.

Adequate

Smart meter technology that includes better two-way communication of data is called:

Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Distillate Fuel Oil

After being vaporized in a refinery this is clean and free of sediment and inorganic ash

Oil is typically delivered to steam power plants by all of the following EXCEPT:

Airline

Energy efficiency

Amount of useful energy put out compared to amount put in

The electric utility industry is facing the challenges of a rising consumer demand for power and:

An aging infrastructure

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

An independent regulatory agency within the Department of Energy that governs interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing,natural gas pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline certification.

What do biochemical conversion technologies use to break down biomass materials to produce methane?

Bacteria

Before fuel oil can be burned, it must be:

Atomized

__________________________________ are designed to minimize the length of time of service disruptions.

Automated Line Switching Systems

Substations may be controlled by operators on site, operators at a remote location, and:

Automated Systems

Anaerobic digestion

Biochemical conversion of biomass into something useful using methane-producing bacteria in an airtight digester tank

Methane gas is also known as:

Biogas

The ash remaining from burned coal that is collected in the ash hopper is called slag or ____________.

Bottom Ash

Nuclear fission

Breaking apart the nucleus of uranium

Fossil fuels are found:

Buried in the earth

The steam-electric cycle uses water heated by:

Burning Coal

A ________________ is a specially designed conductor having low resistance.

Bus

Which of the following components feed power to two or more distribution circuits?

Busbars

Renewable fuel sources are those that:

Can be replenished in a short period of time

How well coal will withstand transportation, handling, and storage and how well it will burn depends on the amounts of ______________ in it.

Carbon

Burning hydrocarbon fuels yields:

Carbon Dioxide

To start combustion, the following must all be present EXCEPT:

Carbon Dioxide

In the furnace the __________________ energy of the fuel is converted into __________energy through combustion.

Chemical,Thermal

Distribution circuits are protected by:

Circuit Breakers

Which of the following components adjust the voltage in a distribution circuit to maintain a constant power supply to customers?

Circuit Regulators

Natural gas must go through a ___________________ before it enters the underground network of pipes that comprise the local distribution system

City Gate Station

Wind Farms

Clusters of wind turbines built close together

Which of the following is a fossil fuel used in electric generating plants?

Coal

Who uses the co-production of power and useful heat from an energy source such as a steam turbine, gas turbine, or internal combustion engine?

Cogenerators

What category of electricity consumer includes the use of electricity for retail and services, offices, education, health care and lodging?

Commercial

Load shedding

Cutting electric power to some customers in order to keep from shutting down the whole system

Subtransmission system

Delivers electric power to large commercial customers at voltages between 4 kV-69 kV

Distribution

Delivery of electric power to small commercial and residential consumers

Regional transmission organization

Designed to administer the transmission grid on a regional basis in a neutral manner. Entities desiring to be qualified must first meet a specific list of characteristics and functions.

Transformer

Designed to step up or step down voltage

Grade

Determined by the amount of ash producing substances and sulfur contained

Capacitor

Device that can temporarily store electricity

The natural gas segment of the energy industry includes the exploration, extraction, processing, storage, transportation, and ________________ of natural gas.

Distribution

If you are at home and your lights flash off and on two or three times that could be an indication that the _____________ is trying to protect the wires or lines.

Distribution Circuit Breaker

Primaries receive their power from:

Distribution Feeder circuits

The U.S. electric power system is an interconnection of three major systems or grids, including the:

Eastern Interconnection

Most of the furnace heat is absorbed by the boiler tubes, superheater and reheaters. However, some of the remaining heat that would otherwise go out the stack is left to heat the feed water. The economy of the system is increased by adding a bank of tubes to preheat the water. This bank of tubes is called the______________.

Economizer

The main areas of research and development in electric power distribution include new technologies to increase accuracy and:

Efficiency

Static Electricity is the result of?

Electrons being discharged

Conductor

Electrons flow freely through this material

Hydroelectric plants can be built only in specific places due to:

Elevation

Creation and delivery of electricity to consumers occurs through all of the following EXCEPT:

Elimination

Kinetic energy

Energy possessed by an object or system in motion

Hydrokinetic Energy

Energy that is the result of water movement such as tides and currents

Fully-integrated Investor-owned

Entity owns electric power generation, transmission and distribution

Transmission/Distribution owners

Entity that does not own generating plants

Federal electric utilities primarily sell electricity to investor-owned utilities. T/F

FALSE

Unplanned outage

Failure of electrical service that is unintentional

A Boiling Water Reactor operates using natural gas as its fuel source. T/F

False

A distribution bus is designed to distribute power through a single line at one voltage level. T/F

False

A high-grade coal will always have a high rank as well. T/F

False

A service drop will always connect from an overhead line to the electric meter. T/F

False

A transformer is a rapidly rotating magnet inside a stationary coil of wire that creates an electric current. T/F

False

After extraction and processing, natural gas goes directly to the distribution network. T/F

False

Approximately 50,000 miles of power transmission lines cover the North America. T/F

False

As the transmission line length increases, the voltage drop decreases. T/F

False

Base load plants typically operate when consumer demand increases suddenly. T/F

False

Compressor stations are located every 700 miles along a regional transmission pipeline. T/F

False

Distillate fuel oils have a higher viscosity than residual fuel oils. T/F

False

Distribution lines run overhead only; transmission lines run underground only. T/F

False

Distribution systems deliver power to very large commercial customers. T/F

False

Ebb generation generates power when water is released at high tide. T/F

False

It will be slightly more difficult to integrate alternative energy generation sources into the new smart grid technology system. T/F

False

Natural gas combustion emits no greenhouse gases. T/F

False

Nuclear power involves the combustion of uranium. T/F

False

On the job training (OJT) is seldom available in the utility industry. T/F

False

Passive solar heating completely replaces the need for a secondary heat source, such as an electric heater. T/F

False

Power plants store large quantities of electricity for release to consumers as needed. T/F

False

Prior to the invention of the electric light bulb, burning coal was the primary source of illumination? T/F

False

Raw natural gas smells like rotten eggs. T/F

False

Residential voltages are carried by three-phase services. T/F

False

Rolling blackouts are unplanned blackouts typically caused by power surges in the system. T/F

False

SCADA offers bi-directional power monitoring, multiple day/time/rate monitoring and communication capabilities. T/F

False

Salaries in the utility industry are well below average. T/F

False

Solar cells produce electricity in alternating current form. T/F

False

Sub-bituminous coal has a higher heat content than anthracite. T/F

False

Subtransmission systems provide electricity directly to residential consumers. T/F

False

The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ensures safety in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and emergency response for U.S. gas pipelines. T/F

False

The distribution system takes power from the transmission system and steps up the voltage for delivery. T/F

False

The electric power transmission system connects directly to residential customers. T/F

False

The function of electric poles is to insulate power lines. T/F

False

Alternative forms of generation technology include all of the following EXCEPT:

Fossil Fuel energy

Gas pressure is lost due to __________as is travels through pipelines.

Friction

Uranium pellets are found in the ________________ in a reactor's core.

Fuel Rods

Biodiesel

Fuel made from leftover cooking oil and animal fats

Electric power distribution systems are co-owned by organizations such as distribution owners, transmission/distribution owners, and:

Fully-Integrated Investor-owned Utilities

Air quality Index

Gauge to how much pollution is in the air in many location across the country

Energy policy Act of 2005

Gave NERC its power to enforce standards

The distribution system is connected by all of the following EXCEPT:

Generating Switchyards

The main function of a _______________ is to convert the heat energy of steam into more easily used electrical energy.

Generator

The power plant __________________ produce electrical power.

Generators

Insulators such as ______________and porcelain are good materials that do not allow electrical current to flow through them.

Glass

During a nuclear reaction, _____________ is emitted that can be used to change water into steam

Heat

Forcing current through the resistance in a conductor makes _____________.

Heat

As transmission line voltage increases, typically there is also an increase in the:

Height of Transmission Towers

Turbine

In the generating system it is used to convert steam energy to mechanical energy

Early electric power transmission systems encountered problems primarily due to:

Incompatible voltages

The goal of the smart grid is to reduce system demands and costs, detect and fix problems, and:

Increase energy efficiency

Pulverizing coal before it is burned:

Increases the surface area

What type of utility is also known as a Non-Utility Generator (NUG), and is an entity which is not a public utility, but which owns facilities to generate electric power to sell?

Independent Power Producer

Large Green Transformer box

Indicates the location of an underground distribution transformer

Street mains branch out into __________________ that run to a home or business.

Individual Service Connections

What category of electricity consumer includes the use of electricity for Powering industrial facilities and equipment?

Industrial

Public utility service standard ensure service that is except

Inexpensive

Conductors have low resistances and ________________ have very high resistances.

Insulators

_________________ support the conductors and are used at conductor connection points.

Insulators

Federal Trade Commission

Investigated the practices of utility holding companies

The most predominant type of utility in the United States is what type of business structure

Investor Owned

Which of the following groups own 80% of transmission lines in the U.S.?

Investor-owned utilities

Converting one form of energy to another__________________________.

Involves the loss of useable energy

Alternating current was a better choice for public utilities because?

It could be stepped up or stepped down

The _____________ of moving water produces hydroelectricity.

Kinetic Energy

Benefits of underground transmission lines include:

Less of a visual impact

Equipment used to protect distribution systems include relays, circuit breakers and:

Lightning Arrestors

Compressor Stations

Located every 50-100 miles along the transmission pipeline compensates for lost pressure.

The natural gas local distribution system includes high and semi-high pressure distribution mains and:

Low pressure distribution mains

Because distribution systems operate at a ________________ voltage, they rely on ___________________ power lines running through a neighborhood.

Lower, Smaller

Transmission control center operators are responsible for assessing real-time data, supervising the level of power generation, monitoring the flow of electricity over transmission lines, and:

Maintaining system stability and reliability

Right of way

Maintains safe distance between distribution lines and surrounding structures or trees

In an operating plant, water is lost through leakage and other losses. Since the water level must remain fairly constant additional water has to be added to the system. This water is referred to as__________________.

Makeup Water

Biomass

Material such as wood, waste, plant matter and other organic materials

Frequency

Measured in cycles per second or hertz

In wind turbines, the _________________ to rotate the generator comes from the force of wind pushing against the blades of the turbine.

Mechanical energy

Load Balancing

Meeting fluctuations in electricity demand

What businesses have been formed to own power generation plants and market their output without a specific end user selected?

Merchant Generators

Biogas produced in anaerobic digesters consists mostly of:

Methane

Auger mining

Mining in which a pit is dug beside a seam of coal and a large drill bores into the seam.

In-situ leach mining

Mining in which a solution of chemicals is used to extract the ore

Smart Grid

Modernization of the current grid technology nationwide.

Turbine Shaft rotation

Moves magnetic field over coils of a generator to produce current

What type of utility is a non-profit entity that is publicly-owned and controlled by local government agencies?

Municipal

Electric power lines aren't the only source of energy in homes and businesses. Another source of energy for cooking and heating is:

Natural Gas

During nuclear fission, small particles called _________________ hit the uranium atom and split it.

Neutrons

Independent system operator

Non-profit organizations that combine the transmission capabilities of multiple transmission providers into a single transmission system that can be accessed by many other energy entities.

Very high capacity customers that might be connected directly to transmission lines include:

Nuclear Power plants

A TAPCHAN system harnesses ______________ for energy.

Ocean Wave energy

Underground transmission lines are cooled by ____________.

Oil Cooling Systems

Which of these states has the most natural gas resources?

Oklahoma

A kilowatt hour refers to:

One Thousand Kilowatts of electrical energy used per hour.

Distribution differs from transmission in that it:

Operates at lower voltages

NERC

Organized to ensure the reliability of the power system

The distribution system experiences planned and unplanned service _______________.

Outages

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Oversees use an possession of nuclear material an the management of nuclear power plants in the US

Examples of systems that generate electricity through solar energy include all of the following EXCEPT:

Passive solar heating systems

The clean Air Act of 1970 was designed to?

Phase out the use of ozone depleting chemicals

Insulator

Prevents line contact and sway

__________________ carry power from the substations to the local distribution service area.

Primaries

Electric Power generation

Process of creating electrical energy from other forms of energy.

Fermentation

Process which converts biomass into alcohol fuels

Pyrolysis

Process which heats biomass to a high temperature in the absence of oxygen or other gases

PUHCA of 1935

Prohibited energy holding companies from engaging in businesses the than the operation of a single utility

Energy Policy Act of 1992

Promoted the growth of natural gas as a fuel for generating electricity

Processing of natural gas may yield valuable by-products such as butane, ethane, and:

Propane

One method of more efficient coal burning is to create more surface area than normally occurs in raw coal. A common method of increasing the surface area is called__________.

Pulverizing

Which network has a single power source for a group of distribution customers?

Radial distribution Networks

Which of the following does not happen when sunlight hits a solar cell?

Radiant energy is transformed into heat energy

What disadvantage does a power line composed of high temperature superconducting technologies have?

Special cooling is required

Flexible AC Transmission Systems

Specialized systems designed to provide control of bulk power flow

Because distribution systems are the last stop in the delivery of electric power to consumers, ____________________________ are involved in system governance.

State and Local Governments

Boiler

Steam generator

The transmission system is designed to ______________ the output voltage from the generating units so that it can be used to interconnect production sources and power grids.

Step Up

A substation typically contains:

Step-down Transformers

If there are fewer turns in the primary winding than in the secondary winding, the transformer is said to be a _____________ transformer.

Step-up

Electricity has properties that make it difficult to _____________.

Store

Potential energy

Stored energy due to position or gravity

While geothermal plants release a minimal amount of emissions, they may cause______________________, a gradual sinking of the land due to fluid removal.

Subsidence

High voltage transmission circuits interconnect to the transmission and distribution system by going through:

Substations

_____________is a very undesirable ingredient of coal, even in small quantities.

Sulfur

Examples of hydrocarbons include all of the following EXCEPT:

Sulfur Dioxide

In order to put dry steam into the turbine; the steam must be heated to a higher temperature than that which was generated in the waterwalls. The most common method of heating is using a device known as a ______________.

Superheater

Which component below collects data automatically and monitors the movement of electricity through all three stages of the power delivery process.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems

Wood for use as biomass may come from any of the following EXCEPT:

Switchgrass

During low _________________ periods, only a few generators will be in operation.

System Load

Equipment used in electric power distribution line systems must be designed with ___________________________ in mind.

The Voltage Load

Heating Value

The amount of heat given off when coal burns under controlled conditions

Transmission

The bulk transfer of electrical energy

Electric Power Transmission

The bulk transfer of high voltage electrical energy from its source at generating plants to substations.

North American Electric Reliability Corporation

The electric reliability organization certified by FERC to establish and enforce reliability standards and regulations for the bulk-power system.

Methane

The lightest hydrocarbon

Balancing authorities are regional organizations responsible for maintaining:

The load/interchange/generation balance

Load diversity

When the peak demands of a variety of electric customers occur at different times

Furnace

Where chemical energy is converted to thermal energy through combustion

Spent fuel pool

Where fuel rods are stored to oil for a few years before storing them permanently underground

Estuary

Where the river meets the ocean

Substations

Where voltage is stepped down and system control facilities monitor lines

Distribution Substations

Where voltage is stepped down so that it can be routed to commercial and residential customers

Base load power plants typically include all of the following types of plants EXCEPT:

Wind

Poles for distribution lines are likely to be made of ___________________ in rural areas.

Wood

Composite conductor materials

being explored to replace steel and aluminum transmission line conductor

city gate station

connection point where the transmission pipeline network joins a local gas company's local distribution system

The grid

consists of interconnected transmission lines

Power system Dispatch

control center operator who monitors equipment, evaluates data and controls the power flow in a transmission system

pipeline dispatcher

controls flow of gas throughout transmission lines; monitors automatic control system; sends crews to correct problems

Photovoltaic energy

conversion of photons into electricity

Bioenergy

energy produced from a biological resource

Natural monopolies are characterized by?

having exclusive multi-regional franchise in exchange for public control of their prices

combustion

how natural gas creates heat for cooking in the home

line rupture control valve

installed on pipelines to avoid excessive loss of gas when a line break occurs underground

service pipelines

network of pipes that carries gas to building in the community

SCADA Systems

system of remote assessment used to monitor and control the electric transmission and distribution systems

Transmission owners

they own Transmission systems

Fully-Integrated investor-owned utilities

they own generating plants, transmission systems and distribution systems

Transmission/Distribution Owners

they own transmission and distribution systems

active solar heating

uses sunlight to heat liquid that is then piped to heat water or the house itself