CNA- Chapter 5- Preventing Infection

Hepatitis B is an example of what?

Virus

How many injections does the Hepatits B vaccination involve?

3 injections

What are the 3 categories of Transmission Based Precautions?

1) Airborne Precautions 2) Droplet Precautions 3) Contact Precautions

List the chain of infection (1-6)

1) Causative agent 2)Reservoir 3) Portal of exit 4) Mode of transmission 5) Portal of Entry 6) Susceptible host

What is a nosocomial infection? What is another name for this?

A nosocomial infection, is an infection acquired in a medical facility. Another name for this is a healthcare-associated infection (HAIs). These are infections that patients acquire within health care settings that result from treatment for other conditions.

Link 2- Reservoir

A reservoir is a place where the pathogen lives and grows. Grow best in warm, dark, and moist places where food is present.

Link 6- A susceptible host

A susceptible host is an uninfected person who could get sick.

What is a vaccine?

A suspension containing weakened or killed microorganisms.

Washing hands is one way to prevent the spread of infectious agents through: A) direct contact B) droplet spread C) airborne transmission D) food and water

A) Direct contact

Describe Airborne Precautions

Airborne precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted through the air after being expelled. For certain care you may be required to wear a mask. Some examples for airborne diseases are tuberculosis, measles, and chickenpox.

Who do standard precautions apply to?

All persons

Describe when an infection occurs

An Infection occurs when harmful microorganisms called pathogens, invade the body and multiply.

Asepsis means: A) clean technique B) the process of destroying pathogens C) an infection acquired after admission to a health care agency D) Being free of disease-producing microbes

Asepsis means: D) bring free of disease-producing microbes

Strep (streptococcal) throat results from invasion by?

Bacteria

What are bloodborne pathogens?

Bloodborne pathogens are microorganisms found in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans.

Standard precautions require the nurse assistant to wear gloves when caring for a resident if the nurse assistant has: A) a cold B) long fingernails C) a cut or sore on the hand D) dirty hands

C) a cut or sore on the hand

Which is the easiest and most important way to prevent infections from spreading?

Standard precautions

Describe Contact Precautions

Contact precautions are used when there is a risk of transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person. Lice, scabies, and bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye) are examples of situations that require contact precautions. Contact precautions include wearing PPE and resident isolation.

Describe droplet precautions

Droplet precautions are used when the disease causing microorganism does not stay suspended in the air and usually only travels short distances after being expelled. Don't normally travel more than three feet. Can be created by: coughing, sneezing, talking, laughing, or suctioning. Droplet precautions include wearing a face mask during care and restricting visits from uninfected people.

What does it mean to follow standard precautions? Name some things that are standard precaution.

Following standard precautions means treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected with an infectious disease. Hand washing, gloves, wearing disposable gowns, wearing a mask and protective goggles.

List the correct order for removing protective clothing before leaving a resident's isolation room

Gloves Gown Mask Wash Hands

When applying PPE, what is the proper order?

Gown Mask Gloves

What are some examples of bloodborne pathogens?

HIV (stands for human immunodeficiency virus), Which can cause AIDS Hepatitis- inflammation of the liver caused by infection Jaundice- a condition in which the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes appear yellow.

What is medical asepsis?

Medical asepsis is the process of removing pathogens, or the state of being free of pathogens.

What does PPE stand for?

Personal protective equipment is equipment that helps protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with workplace hazards. Includes: gloves, gowns, masks, goggles, and face shields.

The nurse hands you a used plastic syringe with the needle attached. What should you do?

Place the need and syringe in a puncture-resistant container. Never attempt to put a cap on a needle or syringe!

State the difference between sterilization and disinfection

Sterilization destroys all microorganisms including pathogens. Disinfection is a process that kills pathogens, but not all microorganisms; it reduces the organism count to a level that is generally not considered infectious.

What is surgical asepsis? What is another name for it?

Surgical asepsis is the state of being free of all microorganisms, not just pathogens. Surgical asepsis is also called "sterile technique".

Explain OSHA's Bloodborne pathogen standard.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers form hazards on the job. OSHA has set standards for special procedures that must be followed in healthcare facilities. One of these is the blood born pathogens standard. This law requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from blood borne health hazards.

Link 1- Causative agent

The causative agent is a pathogen or microorganism that causes disease.

Why are the elder at a higher risk for infection?

The elderly are at a higher risk of infection because they have weakened immune systems as a result of aging. These weakened immune systems can also result from chronic illnesses. Decreased circulation can cause slower wound healing leading to an increase in infection. Older adults are also more likely to be malnourished and dehydrated which greatly increases risks of infection.

Link 4- Mode of Transmission

The mode of transmission describes how the pathogen travels from one person to the next. Can happen through the air or through direct or indirect contact.

Link 5- Portal of entry

The portal of entry is any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter. This can occur through the nose, mouth, eyes, other mucous membranes, or a cut in the skin.

Link 3- Portal of Exit

The portal of exit is any body opening on an infected person that allows pathogens to leave: such as- nose, mouth, eyes, or a cut in the skin

What is tuberculosis?

Tuberculosis, or TB is an airborne disease carried on very small mucous droplets suspended in the air. TB usually infects the lungs, causing coughing, trouble breathing, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. If left untreated, TB may cause death.

The nurse assistant is leaving an isolation room. After hand washing, the Nurse assistant should....

Use a paper towel to open the door and put the basket inside the room near the door.

Clean technique is the same as...

medical asepsis