cog psyc exam answers

the deese-roediger-mcdermott paradigm involves the presentation of related words with a key word missing form the list. if someone were to recall the word "sleep" this would be an example of

-a source misattribution error -a false memory -the constructive nature of memory

the central executive is important in

-ignoring task-irrelevant information -switching attention between subtasks

studies on pain perception demonstrates what

-pain is influenced by bottom-up processes -pain is influenced by top-down processes -attending to distracting tasks can reduce pain severity

the modal model of memory consists of which of the following components

-sensory -stm -ltm

if rehearsal is prevented, information remains in stm for

15-20 seconds

which gestalt law explains why lines tend to be perceived as following the smoothest path

law of goodo continuation

a flashbulb memory is a

memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person learned about a significant event that is vivid but not necessarily accurate

john watson believed that psychology could focus on the sstudy of

observable behavior

damage to the ______________ lobe might result in a deficit in recognizing where an object is

parietal

the idea of empiricism is primarily based on which of the following principles

people should rely on observational/sensory experience to gain knowledg

experience resulting from stimulation of the senses, and information from the senses that can help guide actions is called

perception

conduct an experiement where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented. it is most likely that the letter P will be misidentified as

C

which technique measures electrical activity throughout the cortex (outer layer) of the brain?

EEG

which technique measures magnetic fields emitted by deoxygenated hemoglobin in cerebral blood

FMRI

which technique requires the use of a radioactive tracer to detect blood flow pattern changes of the brain?

PET

who wrote the book cognitive s=psychology in 1967- the event considered to be the beginning of cog psyc?

Ulric Neisser

according to the typicality effect

items that are high in prototypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a group

an example of prcedural memory would be

knowing how to play piano

the part of the neuron responsible for releasing neurotransmitters is

axon terminal

which of the following brain structures is involved in language production?

broca's area

when investigation serial position curve, delaying memory test for 30 seconds

decreases recency effect

when investigating the serial position surve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect

the part of the neuron responsible foro receiving neurotransmitters is

dendrite

what cognition task has been primarily used to investigate the filtering of attention

dichotic listening task

_______________memories are to experience as ____________ memories are to facts

episodic, semantic

according to your book research has shown that some London taxi drivers have a larger-than-normal area in the hippocampus associated with memory of navigating that environment. these findings best exemplify

experience-dependent plasticity

which of the following perspectives of object perception explains why it takes longer to discriminate between a Q and an R as opposed to an X and an O

feature theory

which of the following is not a component of alan baddeley's working memory model?

focus of attention

the recognition by component theory states that we construct mental representations of objects by combining

geons

when features of an object are not bound together to form an integrated mental represesntation, which of the following perceptual errors smay occur

illusory conjunction

failing to perceive a stimulus directly within an individual's field of vision is known as what

inattentional blindness

wilhelm wundt utilized what subjective technique to gain an understanding about his own cognitive processes

introspection

broadbent's early selection model argues that information is filtered from attention based on which of the following message characterisstics?

physical properties

recurring patterns in our physical environment that influence perception is known as

physical regularities

recurring patterns in our physical environment that influence perception is known as what

physical regularities

suppose you have been studying your French vocabulary words for several hours and are making many mistakes. You switch to reviewing the new terms for your upcoming biology test, and your performance is noticeably better. you are experiencing

release from proactive interference

retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for what memories

remote (long ago)

transferring information from ltm to short term/working memory is known as

retrieval

the misinformation effect can be explained by

retroactive interference and source misattribution error

information remains in sensory memory for

seconds or a fraction of a second

remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is a good example of what memory

semantic

positive _______________ ions rush into a neuron, causing it to become more positive and thus more likely to produce an action potential

sodium (NA)

which of the following is not a part of a neuron's structure

synapse

damage to the _____________ loboe might result in a deficit in recognizing what an object is

temporal

the dramatic case of patient HM clearly illustrates that ________________ is crucial for the formation of LTMS

the hippocampus

what is the primary difference between cog psyc and cognitive neuroscience?

there must be a biological/physiological component in the conclusions made in cognitive neuroscience

in which of the following examples of two brain-injured patients (tim and tom) is a double dissociation demonstrated

tim has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while tom has good episodoic memory but poor semantic memory

jeanette is taking a cog psyc class and realizes that because of some similarites, she could use her knowledge of biological psychology to help understand material. this highlights

top-down processing

the transformation of physical signals in the environment into elelctrical signals that travel through the nervous system is known as

transduction

the ___________________ is important in identifying what an object is, and the __________________ is important in identifying where an object is

ventral stream, dorsal stream

working memory differs from short term memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information

working memory differs from stm memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information