cog psyc exam answers
the deese-roediger-mcdermott paradigm involves the presentation of related words with a key word missing form the list. if someone were to recall the word "sleep" this would be an example of
-a source misattribution error -a false memory -the constructive nature of memory
the central executive is important in
-ignoring task-irrelevant information -switching attention between subtasks
studies on pain perception demonstrates what
-pain is influenced by bottom-up processes -pain is influenced by top-down processes -attending to distracting tasks can reduce pain severity
the modal model of memory consists of which of the following components
-sensory -stm -ltm
if rehearsal is prevented, information remains in stm for
15-20 seconds
which gestalt law explains why lines tend to be perceived as following the smoothest path
law of goodo continuation
a flashbulb memory is a
memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person learned about a significant event that is vivid but not necessarily accurate
john watson believed that psychology could focus on the sstudy of
observable behavior
damage to the ______________ lobe might result in a deficit in recognizing where an object is
parietal
the idea of empiricism is primarily based on which of the following principles
people should rely on observational/sensory experience to gain knowledg
experience resulting from stimulation of the senses, and information from the senses that can help guide actions is called
perception
conduct an experiement where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented. it is most likely that the letter P will be misidentified as
C
which technique measures electrical activity throughout the cortex (outer layer) of the brain?
EEG
which technique measures magnetic fields emitted by deoxygenated hemoglobin in cerebral blood
FMRI
which technique requires the use of a radioactive tracer to detect blood flow pattern changes of the brain?
PET
who wrote the book cognitive s=psychology in 1967- the event considered to be the beginning of cog psyc?
Ulric Neisser
according to the typicality effect
items that are high in prototypicality are judged more rapidly as being in a group
an example of prcedural memory would be
knowing how to play piano
the part of the neuron responsible for releasing neurotransmitters is
axon terminal
which of the following brain structures is involved in language production?
broca's area
when investigation serial position curve, delaying memory test for 30 seconds
decreases recency effect
when investigating the serial position surve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds
decreases the recency effect
the part of the neuron responsible foro receiving neurotransmitters is
dendrite
what cognition task has been primarily used to investigate the filtering of attention
dichotic listening task
_______________memories are to experience as ____________ memories are to facts
episodic, semantic
according to your book research has shown that some London taxi drivers have a larger-than-normal area in the hippocampus associated with memory of navigating that environment. these findings best exemplify
experience-dependent plasticity
which of the following perspectives of object perception explains why it takes longer to discriminate between a Q and an R as opposed to an X and an O
feature theory
which of the following is not a component of alan baddeley's working memory model?
focus of attention
the recognition by component theory states that we construct mental representations of objects by combining
geons
when features of an object are not bound together to form an integrated mental represesntation, which of the following perceptual errors smay occur
illusory conjunction
failing to perceive a stimulus directly within an individual's field of vision is known as what
inattentional blindness
wilhelm wundt utilized what subjective technique to gain an understanding about his own cognitive processes
introspection
broadbent's early selection model argues that information is filtered from attention based on which of the following message characterisstics?
physical properties
recurring patterns in our physical environment that influence perception is known as
physical regularities
recurring patterns in our physical environment that influence perception is known as what
physical regularities
suppose you have been studying your French vocabulary words for several hours and are making many mistakes. You switch to reviewing the new terms for your upcoming biology test, and your performance is noticeably better. you are experiencing
release from proactive interference
retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for what memories
remote (long ago)
transferring information from ltm to short term/working memory is known as
retrieval
the misinformation effect can be explained by
retroactive interference and source misattribution error
information remains in sensory memory for
seconds or a fraction of a second
remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is a good example of what memory
semantic
positive _______________ ions rush into a neuron, causing it to become more positive and thus more likely to produce an action potential
sodium (NA)
which of the following is not a part of a neuron's structure
synapse
damage to the _____________ loboe might result in a deficit in recognizing what an object is
temporal
the dramatic case of patient HM clearly illustrates that ________________ is crucial for the formation of LTMS
the hippocampus
what is the primary difference between cog psyc and cognitive neuroscience?
there must be a biological/physiological component in the conclusions made in cognitive neuroscience
in which of the following examples of two brain-injured patients (tim and tom) is a double dissociation demonstrated
tim has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while tom has good episodoic memory but poor semantic memory
jeanette is taking a cog psyc class and realizes that because of some similarites, she could use her knowledge of biological psychology to help understand material. this highlights
top-down processing
the transformation of physical signals in the environment into elelctrical signals that travel through the nervous system is known as
transduction
the ___________________ is important in identifying what an object is, and the __________________ is important in identifying where an object is
ventral stream, dorsal stream
working memory differs from short term memory in that
working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information
working memory differs from stm memory in that
working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information