cog psych chap 6

From a cognitive psychology perspective, memories from specific experiences in our life are defined as being ________.

autobiographical

Explicit memory is to ___________ as implicit memory is to ___________.

aware; unaware

The recency effect occurs when participants are asked to recall a list of words. One way to eliminate the recency effect is to

have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word of the list.

Work with brain-injured patients reveals that ___________ memory does not depend on conscious memory.

implicit and procedura

Your text describes an "Italian woman" who, after an attack of encephalitis, had difficulty remembering people or facts she knew before. She could, however, remember her life events and daily tasks. Her memory behavior reflects

intact episodic memory but defective semantic memory.

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory.

long-term

Why is classical conditioning considered a form of implicit memory?

Because it involves learning an association without being aware of the reasons behind it.

Which of the following is an example of a semantic memory?

I remember the big island of Hawaii has many active volcanoes.

A man suffering from Korsakoff's syndrome would be able to perform which of the following activities without difficulty?

Identifying a photograph of his childhood home

___________ memories are those that we are not aware of.

Implicit

The following statement represents what kind of memory? "The Beatles stopped making music together as a group in the early 1970s."

Semantic

Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?

Semantic memory

Lamar has just gotten a new job and is attending a company party where he will meet his colleagues for the first time. His boss escorts him around to small groups to introduce him. At the first group, Lamar meets four people and is told only their first names. The same thing happens with a second group and a third group. At the fourth group, Lamar is told their names and that one of the women in the group is the company accountant. A little while later, Lamar realizes that he only remembers the names of the people in the first group, though he also remembers the profession of the last woman he met (the accountant). Lamar's experience demonstrates

a build-up and release of proactive interference.

As people get older, their memories of past experiences tend to have an emphasis on ________.

facts

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

The predominant type of coding in long-term memory is

semantic

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true

simply because we have been exposed to them before.

Procedural memories are also known as ________ memories.

skill

Your text discusses how episodic and semantic memories are interconnected. This discussion revealed that when we experience events,

the knowledge that makes up semantic memories is initially attained through a personal experience based in episodic memory.

Researchers understood that KF had experienced a decline in short-term memory capacity because he had a digit span of ________ .

two

Regarding free recall of a list of items, which of the following will most likely cause the recency effect to disappear by preventing rehearsal?

Counting backward for 30 seconds before recall

___________ memories are to experiences as ___________ memories are to facts.

Episodic; semantic

When investigating the serial position curve, delaying the memory test for 30 seconds

decreases the recency effect.

The type of coding that occurs in a particular situation primarily depends on the ________.

task

According to your text, which of the following movies is LEAST accurate in its portrayal of a memory problem?

50 First Dates

Which of the following is most closely associated with implicit memory?

The propaganda effect

In which of the following examples of two different brain-injured patients (Tom and Tim) is a double dissociation demonstrated?

Tom has good semantic memory and poor episodic memory, while Tim has good episodic memory but poor semantic memory.

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that short- and long-term memories probably

are caused by different mechanisms that act independently.

Ming is taking a memory test. She is more likely to recall the name of a popular singer if she had

attended the singer's concert last year with her boyfriend.

"I remember being really excited last year, when my college team won the national championship in basketball." This statement is an example of ___________ memory.

episodic

The constructive episodic stimulation hypothesis describes how our memories are connected to our ________.

future

According to Tulving, the defining property of the experience of episodic memory is that

it involves mental time travel.

Semantic memory is to ________ as episodic memory is to ________.

knowing; remembering

One of the defining characteristics of implicit memory is that

people are not conscious they are using it.

Lucille is teaching Kendra how to play racquetball. She explains how to hold the racquet, how to stand, and how to make effective shots. These learned skills that Lucille has acquired are an example of ___________ memory.

procedural

Believing that a particular statement is true simply because you have seen the statement in previous instances is known as the ________ effect.

propaganda

The primacy effect is attributed to

recall of information stored in long-term memory.

According to Tulving, an episodic memory is distinguished by the process of ________ it.

reliving

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in

remembering graduating from college.

Your book discusses the memory functioning of patient H.M. who underwent brain surgery to relieve severe epileptic seizures. H.M.'s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating that

short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired.

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ___________ is crucial for the formation of long-term memories.

the hippocampus

Wickens et al.'s "fruit, meat, and professions" experiment failed to show a release from proactive interference in the "fruit" group because

the stimulus category remained the same.