Cog Sci Comprehension Quiz

Suppose you want to explain to your friend how olfaction (the sense of smell) works and you say "Olfaction take information from sensory systems about odors and transforms it into a representation of discrete smells. But I'm not sure how the odors are transformed into discrete smells or what representation are involved in the process." What ever of explanation do you need to answer these latter questions, according to Marr?

Algorithmic

Which of Marr's three stages is missing from Ungerleider and Mishkin's account of the visual system?

Algorithmic

What important concept in cognitive science is exemplified by Chomsky's transformational grammar?

Algorithms

According to Miller, what processes do we use to overcome the upper limit of sensory information channels?

Chunking bits of information

Marr concluded from Elizabeth Warrington's studies that the main Jon of the visual system is to "derive a representation of a shape". What level of analysis is Marr using to describe the visual system here?

Computational

Tanya, a cognitive scientist, studies how memory works. Suppose she tells you that memory works to store and retrieve information. Which level of analysing a cognitive system is she using to describe memory?

Computational

None of the functions of the human body are multiply realizable.

False

The visual system is the only cognitive system that can be broken down into three levels (as Marr did with vision).

False

Which of the following is a consistent theme in the work of Chomsky, Miller, and Broadbent?

Information

Which crucial idea came out of applying the Turing machine to human minds?

Information processing is algorithmic

Which crucial idea came out of applying the Turning machine to human minds?

Information processing is algorithmic

Which of the following features of introspective psychology did behaviourism object to?

Introspective psychology claimed to be studying "inner" psychological states.

What is a characteristic of a multiply realizable cognitive ability?

It can perform the same function in many different types of physical systems.

One of the groups of rats in Tolman and Honzik's maze experiment went unrewarded for 10 days and was then rewarded after that. What prediction would a strict behaviourist make about these rats' performance after the first day of rewarded behavior?

It should be the same as the rewarded rats' performance on their first day of reinforcement.

Which of these behaviors only requires serial processing, in the way behavorists envisioned?

None of the above

Marr described three different stages of information processing in the visual system. Which stage(s) did he think must be explained by his three levels for analyzing cognitive systems in order to provide a complete account of vision?

The primal sketch, the 2.5D sketch and the 3D sketch

Why did some cognitive scientists interpret Shepard & Metzler's results as evidence of non-digital information-processing?

The processing time for digitally coded information should be the same no matter the size or rotation of the shape.

Which of the following most accurately describe the two visual systems hypothesis, as proposed by Ungerleider and Mishkin?

The ventral system processes the shape of objects. The dorsal system processes the color or objects.

What type of analysis is illustrated by Marr's three levels of explanation?

Top-Down

Behaviorists thought that even complex behaviors like language could be explained as a series of conditioned responses.

True

Chomsky's theory of syntax illustrates the hierarchal nature of language (as described by Lashley).

True

Chomsky's theory of syntax illustrates the hierarchal nature of language (as describes by Lashley).

True

Which of the following are examples of cognitive systems that can be understood hierarchically?

Vison, smell, & hearing

Suppose I always walk South to get to the cafeteria but just moved to the other side of campus and now I have to walk North. If I were a rat in Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish's study of spatial learning, what would I likely do?

Walk North

Which crucial idea came out of Tolman's studies of cognitive maps and has continued to play an important role in cognitive science?

Representations

According to Marr, which of the following are involved in giving a computational-level analysis of an information-processing system?

Specifying what the system is doing- its basic task.

What prediction would someone make about Shepard and Metzler's shape rotation experiment if they thought that all information processing in the brain was digital?

That all rotation processes will take the same amount of time.