Muscular System
strength
the capacity to do work
belly
the central part of a muscle
action potential
the electric change occurring across the membrane of a nerve or muscle cell during transmission of a nerve impulse
Sarcoplasm
the hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar material of muscle tissue
hernia
Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it
Elasticity
capable of returning to original form after being compressed or stretched
Contractility
capacity of muscle to contract or shorten forcefully in response to stimuli
muscle fatigue
caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle
Dystonia
characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal posture
Acetylcholine (ACh)
chemical released when a nerve impulse is transmitted
sphincter muscle
circular muscle, such as the anus
Tetanus
infectious disease, usually fatal, characterized by spasm of voluntary muscles and convulsions caused by toxin from tetanus bacillus
planta fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot
tennis elbow
inflammation of the tendon that connects the arm muscles to the elbow
shin splints
injury to the muscle tendon in front of the shins
blepharospasm BLEF-ah-roh-SPAZ-um
involuntary muscle contraction of the eyelid, causing blinking
Which muscle acts to anchor the scapula:
serratus anterior
Which of the following muscles has 2 heads:
sternocleidomastoid
The rotator cuff is made up of the SITS muscles, what does SITS stand for?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
muscle spasm
sustained muscle contraction
Extensibility
the ability to lengthen (stretch) and hence increase the distance between two parts
myasthenia gravis
A disease in which acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells are destroyed so that muscles can no longer respond to the acetylcholine signal to contract. Symptoms include muscular weakness and progressively more common bouts of fatigue. The disease's cause is unknown but is more common in females than in males; it usually strikes between the ages of 20 and 50.
motor unit
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
The quadriceps and hamstrings are examples of (mark all that apply):
Agonist/antagonist pair Prime movers
Torticollis
Definition:a contracted state of the neck muscles that produces an unnatural position of the head; also called wryneck
In muscle attachments, the insertion is most often the stable end while the origin is the movable end.
False
myalgia
Muscular pain, "muscle aches"
smooth (visceral) muscle
Nonstriated, involuntary muscles found in the walls of internal organs.
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia nears its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis
Fibromyalgia
a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.
remission
a long term disappearance of symptoms of a disease
dilator muscle
a muscle that opens or closes an orifice
Irritability
ability to react to a stimulus; excitability
Excitability
ability to respond to stimuli
rotator cuff injury
an inflammation of a group of tendons that fuse together and surround the shoulder joint
Which way do the fibers run in the external oblique muscles:
angle downward posterior to anterior
all or none law
law that states a muscle cell, when stimulated, contracts all the way or not at all
Sarcolemma
muscle cell membrane
Isotonic
muscle contracts and shortens
muscular dystrophy
muscle disease in which the muscle cells deteriorate
vastus lateralis
muscle found on anterior of thigh, used as an injection site for intramuscular injections
Biceps
muscle on front part of upper arm
Isometric
muscle tension increases, but muscle does not shorten
Antagonist
muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
prime mover
muscle that provides movement in a single direction
muscle tone
muscles always in a state of partial contraction
Synergist
muscles that help steady a joint
smooth muscle
nonstriated, involuntary muscle
muscle strain
overstretching or tearing of the muscle
Insertion
part of a muscle that is attached to a movable part
origin
part of the skeletal muscle that is attached to the fixed part of the bone
neuromuscular junction
point between the motor nerve axon and the muscle cell membrane
Name the muscle:
sartorius
Rehabilitation
the process of restoring function through therapeutic exercise
Triceps
three-headed muscle on the back of the upper arm
Which of the following is the deepest abdominal muscle:
transverse abdominus
Which of the following muscles has superior, middle and inferior sections:
trapezius
physiotherapy
treatment of disease and injury by physical means using light, heat, cold, water, electricity, massage, and exercise
Which of the following muscles lies deep to the rectus femorus:
vastus intermedius
The linea alba extends from ____ to ___:
xiphoid process, symphysis pubis