Muscular System

strength

the capacity to do work

belly

the central part of a muscle

action potential

the electric change occurring across the membrane of a nerve or muscle cell during transmission of a nerve impulse

Sarcoplasm

the hyaline or finely granular interfibrillar material of muscle tissue

hernia

Protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Elasticity

capable of returning to original form after being compressed or stretched

Contractility

capacity of muscle to contract or shorten forcefully in response to stimuli

muscle fatigue

caused by an accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle

Dystonia

characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause repetitive movements or abnormal posture

Acetylcholine (ACh)

chemical released when a nerve impulse is transmitted

sphincter muscle

circular muscle, such as the anus

Tetanus

infectious disease, usually fatal, characterized by spasm of voluntary muscles and convulsions caused by toxin from tetanus bacillus

planta fasciitis

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

tennis elbow

inflammation of the tendon that connects the arm muscles to the elbow

shin splints

injury to the muscle tendon in front of the shins

blepharospasm BLEF-ah-roh-SPAZ-um

involuntary muscle contraction of the eyelid, causing blinking

Which muscle acts to anchor the scapula:

serratus anterior

Which of the following muscles has 2 heads:

sternocleidomastoid

The rotator cuff is made up of the SITS muscles, what does SITS stand for?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

muscle spasm

sustained muscle contraction

Extensibility

the ability to lengthen (stretch) and hence increase the distance between two parts

myasthenia gravis

A disease in which acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells are destroyed so that muscles can no longer respond to the acetylcholine signal to contract. Symptoms include muscular weakness and progressively more common bouts of fatigue. The disease's cause is unknown but is more common in females than in males; it usually strikes between the ages of 20 and 50.

motor unit

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

The quadriceps and hamstrings are examples of (mark all that apply):

Agonist/antagonist pair Prime movers

Torticollis

Definition:a contracted state of the neck muscles that produces an unnatural position of the head; also called wryneck

In muscle attachments, the insertion is most often the stable end while the origin is the movable end.

False

myalgia

Muscular pain, "muscle aches"

smooth (visceral) muscle

Nonstriated, involuntary muscles found in the walls of internal organs.

heel spur

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia nears its attachment to the calcaneus bone that can be one of the causes of plantar fasciitis

Fibromyalgia

a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas.

remission

a long term disappearance of symptoms of a disease

dilator muscle

a muscle that opens or closes an orifice

Irritability

ability to react to a stimulus; excitability

Excitability

ability to respond to stimuli

rotator cuff injury

an inflammation of a group of tendons that fuse together and surround the shoulder joint

Which way do the fibers run in the external oblique muscles:

angle downward posterior to anterior

all or none law

law that states a muscle cell, when stimulated, contracts all the way or not at all

Sarcolemma

muscle cell membrane

Isotonic

muscle contracts and shortens

muscular dystrophy

muscle disease in which the muscle cells deteriorate

vastus lateralis

muscle found on anterior of thigh, used as an injection site for intramuscular injections

Biceps

muscle on front part of upper arm

Isometric

muscle tension increases, but muscle does not shorten

Antagonist

muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover

prime mover

muscle that provides movement in a single direction

muscle tone

muscles always in a state of partial contraction

Synergist

muscles that help steady a joint

smooth muscle

nonstriated, involuntary muscle

muscle strain

overstretching or tearing of the muscle

Insertion

part of a muscle that is attached to a movable part

origin

part of the skeletal muscle that is attached to the fixed part of the bone

neuromuscular junction

point between the motor nerve axon and the muscle cell membrane

Name the muscle:

sartorius

Rehabilitation

the process of restoring function through therapeutic exercise

Triceps

three-headed muscle on the back of the upper arm

Which of the following is the deepest abdominal muscle:

transverse abdominus

Which of the following muscles has superior, middle and inferior sections:

trapezius

physiotherapy

treatment of disease and injury by physical means using light, heat, cold, water, electricity, massage, and exercise

Which of the following muscles lies deep to the rectus femorus:

vastus intermedius

The linea alba extends from ____ to ___:

xiphoid process, symphysis pubis