Cognitive Psych Exam 2

Brief sensory memory for sound is known as

Echoic memory

The primary effect of chunking is to

Increase the efficiency of short term memory

Which of the following involves procedural memory?

Reading a sentence in a book

Compared to the whole-report technique, the partial report procedure involves

a smaller response set

Hebb's idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of

increased firing in the neurons

According to Tulving, the defining properties of the experience of episodic memory is that

it involves mental time travel

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories

The primacy effect is attributed to

recall information stored in LTM

Information remains in sensory memory for

seconds or a fraction of a second

Neuropsychological evidence indicates that STM and LTM probably

are caused by different mechanisms that act independently.

Explicit memory is to ____________ as implicit memory is to ____________.

aware; unaware

Peterson and Peterson studied how well participants can remember groups of three letters (like BRT, QSD) after various delays. They found that participants remembered an average of 80 percent of the groups after 3 seconds but only 10 percent after 18 seconds. They hypothesized that this decrease in performance was due to ______________, but later research showed that it was actually due to _________________________.

decay, interference.

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is

encoded

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is

encoding

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as

encoding specificity

Students, beware! Research shows that _________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material

highlighting

K.C., who was injured in a motorcycle accident, remembers facts like the difference between a strike and a spare in bowling, but he is unaware of experiencing things like hearing about the circumstances of his brother's death, which occurred two years before the accident. His memory behavior suggests

intact semantic memory but defective episodic memory.

The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory

long-term

From the behavior of H.M., who experienced memory problems after a brain operation, we can conclude that the hippocampus is important in

long-term memory acquisition

A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in

remembering graduating from college.

According to the multiple trace hypothesis, the hippocampus is involved in retrieval of

remote, episodic memories

In the movie Groundhog Day, Bill Murray's character grows frustrated as he experiences the same day in his life over and over again. With each "passing" day, he is able to respond to people's actions more and more quickly because of

repetition priming

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ LTM.

retrieval cues

The three structural components of the modal model of memory are

sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

One function of ______________ is to pull information out of long-term memory.

the central executive

The dramatic case of patient H.M. clearly illustrates that ____________________ is crucial for the formation of LTMs

the hippocampus

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called

transfer-appropriate processing

Working memory differs from short-term memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information

The "magic number," according to Miller is

7 plus or minus 2

Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is an example of ________________ memory.

Semantic