Cognitive Psychology- Ch 5 Quiz

In one experiment, participants were repeatedly shown two lines and asked to judge which line was longer. Meanwhile, black dots appeared randomly on the other parts of the screen during each trial (Panel A in the figure below). For some trials, the dots moved to create "fins" (Panel B in the figure below).

Most of the participants reported the top line in Panel B as longer, even though the lines are equal in length

Which of the following statements on how people direct the "beam" of attention is FALSE?

There are cultural differences in how people direct attention, such that people from Eastern cultures tend to spend more time looking at individuals while people from Western cultures view scenes more holistically.

Which of the following is a failure of selective attention?

While you are working hard on your homework in the living room, you are thrown off track when your sister changes the TV channel.

Which of the following drivers is most likely to get into an accident?

a novice driver engaged in an important phone interview

The Stroop effect illustrates the principle that certain processing tasks use little or no attention. What is the name of this principle?

automaticity

Which statement about visual attention is most accurate?

by priming our detectors, we make expected visual stimuli most likely to be noticed and remembered

What do the Stroop effect stimuli typically consist of?

color words in either the same or different font color

The Stroop test has _____ and ______ trials.

congruent; incongruent

When completing a Stroop task, participants are often shown a list of color words printed in conflicting ink colors (e.g., the word "blue" printed in red ink). Naming the ink color (red) instead of reading the word (blue) is more difficult because reading simple words in one's native language is an example of a(n) __________ task, and saying the color of the ink in which that word is printed is an example of a(n) __________ task.

exogenous; interference

Fire alarms are designed to control attention __________, but outside such demanding stimuli, one can often control his or her own attention __________.

exogenously; endogenously

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the concept of task-specific mental resources?

if someone is speaking to you, you will remember a list of words just as well as you remember a series of images if the words are presented to you visually

When listening intently to one message, you are likely to detect your name if it is spoken in a different audio stream. This is likely because one's name

is a stimulus for which you are well primed

according to your textbook, which of the following statements applies to expectation-based priming but not to stimulus-based priming?

it has a cost attached

Which of the following is true of ADHD?

it involves multiple attentional systems, including "alerting", "orienting", and "executive" systems

successfully dividing one's attention across 2 tasks require enough mental resources to attend to both tasks. These limited mental resources include all of the following EXPECT

object-based resources; space-based resources are unlimited

Participants in a dichotic listening task are

often able to notice personally relevant words such as their names in the unattended channel

In one experiment, participants were tasked with detecting the location of a stimulus on the screen. The stimulus was preceded by a neutral cue, a correct prime, or a misleading prime. For some participants, the primes were usually correct (high validity) across trials, and for other participants, they were usually misleading (low validity). Which of the following was NOT a result of this experiment?

participants in the high-validity condition showed no difference in response time between neutral and misleading trials, demonstrating that there is no cost of priming

Participants were asked to report the shape of a visual stimulus that appears on the left side of a screen. Simultaneous with the presentation of this target stimulus, a second visual stimulus is flashed on the screen. Based on our understanding of inattentional blindness, which of the following would NOT be sufficient to make the participants notice the second stimulus?

participants' eyes are oriented toward the place where the second stimulus will appear

What do patients suffering from unilateral neglect syndrome demonstrate about visual attention?

people have both space-based and object-based attention

Expectation-based priming suggests that

perception works within a limited-capacity system.

Some patients with unilateral neglect resulting from damage to the right hemisphere will

read only the right half of words shown to them

Which of the following tasks would be most likely to involve the most automaticity?

singing a well-known song

What is the main reason why both late and early selection models can be true?

some tasks require lots of resources, while other tasks require fewer

In the absence of attention,

stimuli may not be consciously perceived but can still have an influence on the perceiver

In a study of spatial attention, participants were given a neutral, correct, or misleading cue about where on the screen a stimulus would appear. What is the best explanation for what happened in trails with misleading cues?

there were costs because the spotlight of attention had moved to the misled location in anticipation of the stimulus and had to move back

Evidence suggests that

unattended stimuli are more fully processed if the attended input is particularly simple.

Some resources are task-specific and others are task-general. Which of the following is a task-specific resource?

verbal resources for tasks involving words

When does Stroop interference happen?

when there are two sources of conflicting information contending for your attention

Which of the following is NOT a reason why performance might improve with practice?

with practice, individual elements of a task require more of our resources