Cognitive Psychology Exam I

Oblique Effect

We percieve horizontals and verticals better

Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by classical conditioning. an inborn biological program. operant conditioning. cultural influences.

An inborn biological program

Describe the likelihood principle, and state it's founder

Helmholz, we see what is most expected when were not entirely sure, like recalling what color a taxi was driving by

The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the radiated wavelength paradox. fusiform face role. serial location task. inverse projection problem.

Inverse projection Problem

What impact does movement have an an object's interpretation?

It facilitates interpretation, and allows for better coordination of action.

The likelihood principle states that we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. it is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations. we perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances. feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object.

Whatever the first one

The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway. size; distance distance; size where; what

What, Where pathway

Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator) When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception

When someone accurately identifies word in a song

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the what pathway. landmark pathway. where pathway. orientation pathway.

Where Pathway

Prosopagnosia is: I really weird word inability to recognize context inability to recognize faces inability to recognize loss

inability to recognize faces

The Neuron Doctrine states The brain is made up of be net-like structures called the nerve net Neurons are made up of circuits Neurons must have both dendrites and axons Neurons are segmented, individual cells and are independent from each other

Neurons are segmented

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of: mental processes. attention. consciousness. observable behavior

Observable behavior

How many Neurons are in the brain

100 billion neurons

Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following? The first textbook of cognitive psychology A computer program for solving logic problems An experimental procedure for studying the way people process information A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages

A flow Diagram

A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of:

A group of neurons that can respond to multiple faces

Studying the mind requires both: Behavioral and Physiological Experiments Causual and Correlational Experiments Patience and unbias Smarts and big brain time

Behavioral and physiological experiments

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of: models. reaction times. savings. cognition.

Cognition

Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of humanism. cognitive psychology. behaviorism. operant conditioning.

Cognitive Psychology

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as operant conditioning. choice reaction time. classical conditioning. the method of savings.

Operant Conditioning

Habel and wiesel, thats right guess

Described feature detectors, neurons and groups of neurons set to identify specific objects

Think of these historic times and think of and describe the psychology field at that time. 1860s:1870s:1890s:1910s:1930s:1940s:1950s:1960s

Donders reaction test, Wundt and structuralism, Will James and introspection, John Watson and behaviorsim, Skinner and oprant conditioning, Tolman's Cognitive map and decline of behaviorism and Chomsky's bio programming, Cherry's dichotic listening, AI computers.

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter? Answering questions Experiencing neuromodulation Communicating with other people Solving problems

Experiencing Neuromodulation

Intensity of stimulus is represented as: The intensity of the action potential The amount of neurotransmitters released and recieved Big boi shocks Frequency of action potentials

Frequency of action potentials

Nervenet was proven through:

Golgi Stain

Somatosensory cortex is responsible for _____ and located in the _________

Perception, parietal lobe

What did the Cherry experiment do

applied information processing, proved multitasking doesn't exist based on studies with dichotic listening

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception. naming associations attention illusory conjunctions context

context

principle of neural representation

everything a person experiences is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but on representations in the person's nervous system

Where is the parahippocampal area located

in the parahippocampus. Jk in the temporal lobe

The laws of gestalts:

Law of continuation Law of simplicity/Pragnanz Law of similarity

Donders' measurement of reaction time is particularly important because it demonstrated the "time course" on which the mind operates. Donders found that it took ______ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus. more than five seconds less than one second two to five seconds between one and two seconds

Less then one second

Broca's and Wernicke's studies helped give evidence towards Pre-programmed language apprehension Localization of Functioning Double Dissociation Single Dissociation

Localization of Functioning

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to: process the stimulus. attend to the stimulus. perceive the stimulus. make a decision about the stimulus

Make a Decision about the stimulus

Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as: Nervenet Neural circuits

Neural Circuits

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they showed how positive reinforcers strengthen behavior. were the first to combine basic elements of experience called sensations. plotted functions that described the operation of the mind. described complex decision-making.

Plotted functions that describe operations of the mind

Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing? Seeing a flash of lightning in a thunderstorm The response of a feature detector Perceiving all of the birds in a flock as belonging together Speech segmentatio

Speech segmentation

Although important, brain imaging fails in determining: Localization Generalization Structure of Neural circuits Structure of individual Neurons

Structure of individual Neurons

Where do Action Potentials occur? The Dendrite The Axon The Synapse The Cell Body

The Axon

Where does most cognitive functioning occur?

The brain. Lol cerebral cortex

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing. bottom-up serial top-down sequential

Top-down processing

Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology? The proposal of cognitive maps Watson's "Little Albert" experiment Development of the technique of analytic introspection Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior

Verbal Behavior=

In 1957, Skinner published:

Verbal behavior, popularizing the return of the mind and cognitive psychology

Cajal

neuron doctrine

Edgar Adrian

recorded electrical signals from single sensory neurons

Brain Ablation:

removing part of the brain to determine it's function

Auditory cortex is a part of the

temporal lobe