Cognitive Psychology Exam I
Oblique Effect
We percieve horizontals and verticals better
Regarding children's language development, Noam Chomsky noted that children generate many sentences they have never heard before. From this, he concluded that language development is driven largely by classical conditioning. an inborn biological program. operant conditioning. cultural influences.
An inborn biological program
Describe the likelihood principle, and state it's founder
Helmholz, we see what is most expected when were not entirely sure, like recalling what color a taxi was driving by
The task of determining the object responsible for a particular image on one's retina is called the radiated wavelength paradox. fusiform face role. serial location task. inverse projection problem.
Inverse projection Problem
What impact does movement have an an object's interpretation?
It facilitates interpretation, and allows for better coordination of action.
The likelihood principle states that we perceive the object that is most likely to have caused the pattern of stimuli we have received. it is easier to perceive vertical and horizontal orientations. we perceive size to remain the same size even when objects move to different distances. feature detectors are likely to create a clear perception of an object.
Whatever the first one
The perception pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway, while the action pathway corresponds to the _____ pathway. size; distance distance; size where; what
What, Where pathway
Evidence for the role of top-down processing in perception is shown by which of the following examples? When someone easily identifies an object even though that object is unexpected in that context (e.g., identifying a telephone inside a refrigerator) When someone cannot read an illegible word in a written sentence When someone can easily select a target that has a feature distinct from distracters When someone accurately identifies a word in a song on a radio broadcast despite static interfering with reception
When someone accurately identifies word in a song
The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the parietal lobe is known as the what pathway. landmark pathway. where pathway. orientation pathway.
Where Pathway
Prosopagnosia is: I really weird word inability to recognize context inability to recognize faces inability to recognize loss
inability to recognize faces
The Neuron Doctrine states The brain is made up of be net-like structures called the nerve net Neurons are made up of circuits Neurons must have both dendrites and axons Neurons are segmented, individual cells and are independent from each other
Neurons are segmented
John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of: mental processes. attention. consciousness. observable behavior
Observable behavior
How many Neurons are in the brain
100 billion neurons
Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following? The first textbook of cognitive psychology A computer program for solving logic problems An experimental procedure for studying the way people process information A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages
A flow Diagram
A specific person's face is represented in the nervous system by the firing of:
A group of neurons that can respond to multiple faces
Studying the mind requires both: Behavioral and Physiological Experiments Causual and Correlational Experiments Patience and unbias Smarts and big brain time
Behavioral and physiological experiments
Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of: models. reaction times. savings. cognition.
Cognition
Using behavior to infer mental processes is the basic principle of humanism. cognitive psychology. behaviorism. operant conditioning.
Cognitive Psychology
The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g., food) or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g., shock) is best known as operant conditioning. choice reaction time. classical conditioning. the method of savings.
Operant Conditioning
Habel and wiesel, thats right guess
Described feature detectors, neurons and groups of neurons set to identify specific objects
Think of these historic times and think of and describe the psychology field at that time. 1860s:1870s:1890s:1910s:1930s:1940s:1950s:1960s
Donders reaction test, Wundt and structuralism, Will James and introspection, John Watson and behaviorsim, Skinner and oprant conditioning, Tolman's Cognitive map and decline of behaviorism and Chomsky's bio programming, Cherry's dichotic listening, AI computers.
According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter? Answering questions Experiencing neuromodulation Communicating with other people Solving problems
Experiencing Neuromodulation
Intensity of stimulus is represented as: The intensity of the action potential The amount of neurotransmitters released and recieved Big boi shocks Frequency of action potentials
Frequency of action potentials
Nervenet was proven through:
Golgi Stain
Somatosensory cortex is responsible for _____ and located in the _________
Perception, parietal lobe
What did the Cherry experiment do
applied information processing, proved multitasking doesn't exist based on studies with dichotic listening
Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception. naming associations attention illusory conjunctions context
context
principle of neural representation
everything a person experiences is based not on direct contact with stimuli, but on representations in the person's nervous system
Where is the parahippocampal area located
in the parahippocampus. Jk in the temporal lobe
The laws of gestalts:
Law of continuation Law of simplicity/Pragnanz Law of similarity
Donders' measurement of reaction time is particularly important because it demonstrated the "time course" on which the mind operates. Donders found that it took ______ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus. more than five seconds less than one second two to five seconds between one and two seconds
Less then one second
Broca's and Wernicke's studies helped give evidence towards Pre-programmed language apprehension Localization of Functioning Double Dissociation Single Dissociation
Localization of Functioning
By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to: process the stimulus. attend to the stimulus. perceive the stimulus. make a decision about the stimulus
Make a Decision about the stimulus
Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as: Nervenet Neural circuits
Neural Circuits
Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they showed how positive reinforcers strengthen behavior. were the first to combine basic elements of experience called sensations. plotted functions that described the operation of the mind. described complex decision-making.
Plotted functions that describe operations of the mind
Which of the following is an example of an effect of top-down processing? Seeing a flash of lightning in a thunderstorm The response of a feature detector Perceiving all of the birds in a flock as belonging together Speech segmentatio
Speech segmentation
Although important, brain imaging fails in determining: Localization Generalization Structure of Neural circuits Structure of individual Neurons
Structure of individual Neurons
Where do Action Potentials occur? The Dendrite The Axon The Synapse The Cell Body
The Axon
Where does most cognitive functioning occur?
The brain. Lol cerebral cortex
If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing. bottom-up serial top-down sequential
Top-down processing
Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology? The proposal of cognitive maps Watson's "Little Albert" experiment Development of the technique of analytic introspection Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior
Verbal Behavior=
In 1957, Skinner published:
Verbal behavior, popularizing the return of the mind and cognitive psychology
Cajal
neuron doctrine
Edgar Adrian
recorded electrical signals from single sensory neurons
Brain Ablation:
removing part of the brain to determine it's function
Auditory cortex is a part of the
temporal lobe
