Color Theory in Pigment
Chromatic
"With color"
Achromatic
"Without color"
What "color" will absorb all colors of light?
-Black -This radiant energy is stored as HEAT.
Things that affect personal preference:
-Eye Fatigue -Color Blindness -Aesthetic Preference -Past Experience or Association -Type and Amount of Illumination -The Influence of Adjacent Colors -Sharpness of Vision ("Visual Acuity")
What are the 3 dimensions of color?
-Hue -Value -Intensity
What is the FIRST dimension of color?
-Hues (warm and cool) -There are primary, secondary, intermediate, and tertiary colors.
Other forms of radiant energy which are NOT VISIBLE include:
-Infrared Light -Ultraviolet Light -X-Rays -Microwaves -AM & FM Radio Waves
What does "Roy G. Biv" stand for?
-Red -Orange -Yellow -Green -Blue -Indigo -Violet
What "color" will reflect all colors of light?
-White -Very little of this radiant energy is converted to heat.
Sir Isaac Newton discovered that sunlight is composed of how many pure colors?
7
Pigment
A coloring matter/element which can be applied to an object.
What will the mixture of all colors produce?
A very dark gray (close to black).
What is ALWAYS the COMPLEMENT of a COOL HUE and vise versa?
A warm hue
Which colors do not appear in the visible spectrum, and therefore have no hue?
Achromatic colors: Black, White, Gray
"Simultaneous Contrast"
Another word for juxtaposition; will modify the appearance of each other.
The absence of all light is...
Black
What do you add to a color to LOWER its value?
Black
What is used to make a SHADE of a hue?
Black
What "colors" are PIGMENTS named as colors, but NOT a hues?
Black & White
What color is said to be the "coolest"?
Blue
How is the color of an object identified?
By the wave length of the color it reflects. "A red object reflects red light waves, all others are absorbed."
How do we perceive color? How does it work?
Color is the RESPONSE TO LIGHT of specific WAVE LENGTHS of RADIANT ENERGY which strike the RETINA of the eye, which in turn transmits the impulses to the brain.
"Any two hues which make gray" defines
Complementary hues
What can be used to tone down a primary or secondary hue?
Complements
When colors ENFORCE each other and appear MORE VIVID they are...
Compliments
What colors seem are the colors of "distance" in nature and seem to recede and make an object appear smaller?
Cool colors
Light is RADIANT ENERGY in the visible spectrum.
Each color has a different WAVE LENGTH.
What is "Pure White Light" called in modern day terminology?
Full Spectrum Light -Will contain every color in the rainbow -Not necessarily bright light
What involves a combination of light waves?
Full Spectrum Light ("White Light")
What "color" is achieved by mixing COMPLEMENTARY colors?
Gray
What "color" is used to make a TONE of a hue?
Gray
What term is scientifically employed to identify only PURE UNADULTERATED colors?
Hue
After-Image
If a hue is held in the line of vision and the eyes become OVER-STIMULATED, the COMPLIMENT will be seen WHEN the STIMULUS IS REMOVED.
Chromatic Aberration
If one will intently focus upon a dot of color, its COMPLIMENT appears around the EDGES.
Which color is neither a primary nor a secondary color in light or pigment?
Indigo
Which color is not mentioned in pigment or light?
Indigo
What is the third dimension of color?
Intensity
Do WARMER hues of pigment reflect longer or shorter wave lengths of light?
Longer; also reflect heat. "If you wear warm colored clothing on a sunny day, you will be cooler because they reflect heat rays, not absorb them."
The range of man-made pigmentary colors is more LIMITED than the colors in nature.
Many pigments are not stable or consistent from manufacturer to manufacturer, or are pure colors.
Vehicle
Needed by paint pigments in order to allow the pigment to be applied freely (oil, turpentine, water, alcohol).
When colors DULL each other they are...
Not compliments
What color is said to be the "warmest"?
Orange
Cones
PRECEPTORS; responsible for the PERCEPTION OF COLOR.
What deals with the reflection and absorption of light waves?
Pigments (Pigmentary Mixtures)
What are the "cool" colors?
Purple, Blue, Green, and the intermediate colors in between.
Rods
RECEPTORS which respond to various DEGREES OF LIGHT (light and dark, black and white).
What are the primary colors of LIGHT?
RGB: Red, Green, Blue The RGB color wheel is used by PHOTOGRAPHERS, LIGHTING DESIGNERS for TV, film, video, and theatrical productions. "RIPE GREEN BANANAS (ARE LOVELY IN THE LIGHT)"
What three colors can produce all other chromatic pigment colors by their mixture?
RYB: Red, Yellow, Blue
What are the primary colors of PIGMENT?
RYB: Red, Yellow, Blue The RYB color wheel is used by ARTISTS, PAINTERS, DECORATORS, and GRAPHIC DESIGNERS. "PRIME RYBS OF PIGS"
What type of energy are heat & light?
Radiant Energy
What are the "warm" colors?
Red, Orange, Yellow and the intermediate colors in between.
What are the two most important layers of cells within the retina?
Rods & Cones
Adding BLACK to a color creates a....
Shade
Do COOLER hues of pigment reflect longer or shorter wave lengths of light?
Shorter; absorb heat "If you wear cool colored clothing on a sunny day you will be warmer because they absorb heat rays."
All grayed hues (TONES) are what kind of colors?
Tertiary
What colors do not appear on the color wheel and have descriptive names instead of standard names (in order to appeal to the consumer)?
Tertiary colors
The 3 Primary Colors + the 3 Secondary Colors + the 6 Intermediate Colors =
The 12 colors of the color wheel.
What kind of colors are on the right? *Remember*: Louis Prang is cool! Right on!
The Cool colors
What hues are located in between the six standard hues (primary and secondary)?
The Intermediate hues
What color is always first when naming the intermediate hues?
The Primary color
What is the band of colors called?
The Spectrum of Light or the "Visible Spectrum" "Roy G. Biv"
What does the dimension of "intensity" deal with?
The degree of purity or dullness ("grayness")
What does the dimension of "value" deal with?
The lightness or darkness of a hue.
Eye Fatigue
The nerve endings in the retina of the eye can easily become tired through over stimulation by a SINGLE hue.
Is color SUBJECTIVE or OBJECTIVE?
The perception of color is a very personal experience; people vary in their PREFERENCE and ABILITY to perceive color.
What are the 6 standard hues?
The primary and secondary hues (RYB & OGV)
Dispersion
The process Newton used involving a prism; described as breaking a beam of pure white sunlight into its individual colors.
What "level" of hues are the most important in cosmentics?
The tertiary colors
What will happen when complements are mixed together in equal amounts?
They will cancel each other; the mixture will result in gray.
What happens when ANY TWO hues are placed side by side (or superimposed) ?
They will modify each other in the DIRECTION of their COMPLIMENTS.
"Pure Colors" are...
Those colors unadulterated with black, white, gray, or other hues.
Adding WHITE to a color creates a....
Tint
When you add the complement of a color you create a....
Tone of the hue
What is the second dimension of color?
Value
The color wheel is divided by half into what kinds of sections?
Warm and cool
What colors seem to advance and make an object appear larger or nearer?
Warm colors
Binder
Water-based paint pigments often have a BINDER (latex, glue, casein); something that makes the pigments stick to the object when the VEHICLE EVAPORATES.
What do you add to a color to RAISE its value?
White
What is used to make the TINT of a hue?
White
The combination of "Roy G. Biv" ( or ALL the colors) is...
White (of "Full Spectrum Light")
