Patho Quiz 1

A client is diagnosed with Crohn disease and is informed that there is no cure; however, the client will have periods when there are no symptoms and other times when symptoms will be quite severe. What term should the nurse teach the client applies to this disease course?

chronic

What do morbidity and mortality statistics refer to?

Functional effects and death-producing characteristics of a disease

A client delivers a child born with an extra digit. The client states that she had the same thing when she was born. What term would the nurse document in the record regarding this defect?

Congenital condition

The Framingham cohort study examined characteristics of people who would later develop which disease?

Coronary disease

A disease agent can affect more than one organ of the body, and more than one disease agent can affect the same organ of the body. Which term best describes this aspect of disease etiology?

Multifactorial in origin

A school nurse compares the number of cases of measles in one elementary classroom to the number of students in the school. Which term describes this type of comparison?

Prevalence

A school nurse discovers that a student has head lice. Which action describes how epidemiology will best help contain the lice?

Promote effective treatment intervention

Which assessment data would a nurse identify as a complication of a disease or disorder?

Pulmonary emboli following deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

In 2014, an outbreak of Ebola virus disease began in West Africa in which there was a sharp increase in the number of people being diagnosed with this disease. At the same time, a very high proportion of those who were diagnosed died from the disease. The epidemiologic characteristics of this disease include:

increased incidence and high mortality.

When the nurse questions the blood glucose level obtained via a glucometer, a serum blood level is ordered. This protocol is directed toward ensuring which measure of standardization?

Validity

Which of the nurse's assessment questions most directly addresses the client's level of health, based on the World Health Organization's definition of health?

"How would you rate your overall sense of well-being?"

Which client conditions would be considered a congenital defect? Select all that apply.

Cleft lip and palate, club foot, and hypospadias

The nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of the risk factors for heart disease. The nurse corrects the client based on which inaccurate comment?

"I will switch from smoking to chewing tobacco."

A nurse is conducting a staff educational program on diagnostic tests. The nurse should include that the normal value of a laboratory test represents the test results that fall within which distribution level?

95%

A nurse researcher is examining the specificity of a screening test for kidney disease. Of the 1000 people tested, 33 tested positive for kidney disease. After further testing, 28 of these clients were confirmed to have kidney disease. What is the specificity of this test? Record your answer as a percentage to one decimal place.

972 (true negative) / 977 (true negative and the false positives = 0.9948 x 100 = 99.5%

A physician is providing care for a number of clients on a medical unit of a large, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and molecules that cause disease. Which client most clearly demonstrates the consequences of molecules that cause disease?

A 30-year-old homeless man who has pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) and is HIV positive.

The nurse observes that blood pressure readings taken by a new unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are very different from what other nurses obtain. What does the nurse understand is occurring with these readings?

A lack of reliability in the readings of the UAP

The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who states she fell and twisted her right ankle during a softball game. The nurse notes that the right ankle is edematous and will probably need to be x-rayed. What term does the nurse use to describe the changes that accompany this finding?

A sign

A nurse documenting a client's health history places hypertension under which category?

Acquired

An infant has a difficult time passing through the birth canal and the physician uses forceps to deliver the child. In the process, the facial nerve was damaged, resulting in a facial droop. Which condition does the nurse recognize this to be?

Acquired defect

A client develops an infection with a resistant organism while hospitalized for surgery. After treatment, there are no obvious signs of infection, but a culture shows that the organism is present. Which term describes the client's status?

Carrier status

The nurse researcher has gathered the above data. The nurse will apply this data in what type of study? vaccinated 5 positive 75 negative, unvaccinated 15 positive 65 negative for influenza

Case-control study

During an assessment, a client tells the nurse that he has suffered from asthma since childhood. He is not experiencing any symptoms at this time but takes an inhaled steroidal medication daily. The nurse should document the asthma as being which type of condition?

Chronic

The nurse is caring for clients with chronic illnesses. Which characteristic of chronic illness will the nurse apply when developing plans of care?

Chronic illnesses may have periods of stability and acute exacerbations

A nurse is interpreting the test results of a client's screening test for cancer. If the client's result is negative and the test has a 95% specificity, the nurse should conclude that there a 95% chance of which outcome?

Client does not have cancer.

A client is experiencing signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure. The client's disease is in which phase of its clinical course?

Clinical

Which science is called on to study the risk factors in multifactorial diseases?

Epidemiology

The health care team is attempting to determine the cause of a client's disease. What does the nurse recognize that this will be documented as?

Etiology

A nurse is conducting a staff development program on the Healthy People 2030 determinants of health. The nurse notes that the participants need additional education based on which statement?

Nursing practice should focus solely on the management of chronic disease.

When attempting to reach a health diagnosis, the health care provider commonly applies four primary steps. Place the steps for reaching a diagnosis in order

Obtain clinical history. Conduct a physical examination. Perform diagnostic testing. Determine the most likely cause of the client's presentation.

The nurse evaluates a client for manifestations of a disease. Which assessment data is a symptom of a disorder? Select all that apply

Pain, dizziness, and itching

The nurse is caring for a client in the burn unit who has sustained partial and full thickness burns over 16 percent of the body. What type of etiologic factor does the nurse recognize these burns are?

Physical forces

There are three fundamental types of prevention used in health care: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Which statement accurately describes secondary prevention?

Secondary prevention detects disease early, and most is done in clinical settings.

A client has been admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best characterized as a symptom rather than a sign?

The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine

Which statement is an example of a prognosis?

The client's chance of a full recovery is 50%

Why are some diseases termed syndromes?

They are a compilation of signs and symptoms characteristic of a specific disease state

The nurse is performing an assessment on a newly admitted client with asthma and hears wheezes in the upper lobes of the lungs. When the nurse documents this finding, the nurse recognize this to be:

a sign.

Facility policies on wound dressing selection refer the nurse to a dressing algorithm. The nurse anticipates that the algorithm will include:

a step-by-step decision-making tree for dressing selection.

A client comes to the clinic stating, "I feel terrible. I feel feverish and it hurts when I cough." The nurse documents this report to be:

a symptom

When considering the clinical course, a disease that is characterized by remissions and exacerbations is considered to be:

chronic.

A nurse who has worked with ostomy clients for several years is adept at measuring and cutting the stoma wafer to the correct size for each client's stoma. This is an example of the nurse using:

clinical expertise

Researchers have designed a study where the health of a large group of recent newborns will be followed for several years. What type of study is this?

cohort

Which action is an example of a nurse delivering care at the tertiary care level?

educating a client with diabetes about good foot care

The causes of disease are known as ___________ factors. Among the recognized etiologic agents are biological agents (e.g., bacteria, viruses), physical forces (eg., trauma, burns, radiation), chemical agents (e.g., poisons, alcohol), one's genetic inheritance, and nutritional excess or defects.

etiologic

A nurse researcher is collecting data on the number of people who have a current diagnosis of diabetes in a local population. Which term categorizes the aspect of epidemiology the nurse is collecting?

prevalence

A client has been diagnosed with a heart attack and has been placed on beta-blockers to reduce the workload on the heart, as well as a statin drug and a low-fat diet to lower cholesterol. Which level of prevention of disease would these therapies be classified?

tertiary

A newly introduced diagnostic test has been found to produce unacceptably low levels of reliability. The nurse should recognize that the test:

yields inconsistent results when repeated.