COMM 2020 Test 2 Study Guide

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After the lecture on how to organize a presentation, I shared with you a video clip on the topic I shared with you as an example of how to organize a speech. Specifically, I shared a clip showing

"powder" skiing at Steamboat Springs.

3 components of Rhetorical situation

*** Exigence: An imperfection marked by the need for something to be said. *** Audience: Consists of those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change. Set of Constraints: Constraints on the audience's ability to address the exigence, including beliefs, attitudes, facts, traditions, motives, and so on.

Speaking Outlines

-Preparation outlines use full sentences. -The speaking outline is a truncated form of the preparation outline. -The speaking outline does not use full sentences. -The speaking outline can have full sentences if using a direct quote. -The speaking outline is like a shorthand version of the preparation outline. -Speaking outlines can contain delivery cues. -First, practice with the preparation outline. -Then, practice with the speaking outline. -Outlines allow you to be organized and coherent.

Don't use a ___________ in attention getter

A joke or humorous instance A rhetorical or actual question

In our discussion of a speech introduction, I stated that one of the elements can be skipped or omitted. Which of the following is the element that can be appropriately omitted from the introduction of a speech?

A reason to listen to the speaker

All of the following were offered as hints for the use visual aids during a speech, except

All of the above

Stylistic

Alliteration Assonance Antithesis Hyperbole Onomatopoeia Personification Repetition and parallelism Simile and metaphor, can add impact to a speech.

Attitude

Approval or disapproval toward a person, group, idea or event Influences behaviors

Which of the following is NOT true? a. The speaking outline uses full sentences. b. The speaking outline is a truncated form of the preparation outline. c. The speaking outline can have delivery cues embedded. d. The speaking outline is a shorthand version of the preparation outline.

B. The speaking outline uses full sentences.

The Introduction

Begin with an attention getter Reason to listen Purpose statement preview of main points

Body of a speech

Blocks Transitions

During your speech

Cite authority to build ethos

The Neutral Audience

Considers itself rational, objective, and open to new information. Goals: To garner support of thesis To reenforce acceptance of the thesis

Universal Audience

Constructed in the mind of the speaker, the audience she envisions as ideal, rational and competent Sets the standard for truth

refers to the notion that all information on the same level should have the same significance.

Coordination

states that in order to separate a point you need to end up with at least two items.

Division

Demographics

Do not measure beliefs motives or attitudes Age Gender Race Religion Education Socio-economic status Group membership

Blocks

Each block presents and develops 1 major theme at a time Headline Evidence with cited authority

Most important goal for the use of a visual aid

Emphasis

Of the goals for the use of visual aids discussed in class, I stated the most important goal for the use of a visual aid is

Emphasis

The speaking outline is the first outline you make.

False

During our discussion of "Presentation Aids," I suggested that an effective visual aid slide or poster should have no more than 15 words on it.

False (3-5)

In order to avoid distractions during your presentation, the best time to distribute handouts is before the speech starts.

False (After)

The speaking outline is the first outline you make.

False (Preparation Outline)

The Friendly Audience

Favorably predisposed toward you or your position. Goals: To garner support of thesis; To reinforce acceptance of thesis; and To enlist future action in support of thesis *** Don't just preach to the choir***

Preparation Outlines

Full sentence Outlines General Purpose Statement The specific purpose statement Thesis Statement Introduction Body Conclusion

Personification

Giving human characteristics or feelings to an animal, object, or concept. Song Trouble - Kat Stevens from Harold and Maude

Visual aid Ted Talk

Hans Rosling on world population

The Uninterested Audience

Has a short attention span and might not want to be present. Goals: To show importance of thesis to specific audience To garner support of thesis

Demographics Ted Talk

Johanna Blakey - Women dominate social media sphere

Who coined the phrase Global Village

Martial McLuen

Psychographics

Measure attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and motivation

! thing you can leave out in intro

Reason to listen to the speaker

Q&A Period

Repeat each question before answering Rephrase negative of unclear questions Think before answering Don't get angry of defensive Monitor time and close session with a final conclusion that refocuses on your speech intent

Transitions

Review Preview transitions

Most popular name in class

Sierra

Hints for creating effective visual aids

Simplicity Content Visibility Layout Color

Most important hint for creating effective visual aids

Simplicity - 3 to 5 words per visual aid

Presenting a small item (earrings)

Take a picture and show on a powerpoint

Term of Art

Term used specifically in a given discipline or area of study

Belief

The acceptance that something is true even if unproven Reasons for the attitudes people hold

Alliteration

The repetition of consonants, usually the first or last letter in a word. **** V is for Vendetta Film clip of Daniel Radcliffe on jimmy Fallon doing alphabet aerobics

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds.

The conclusion

Theme statement Review of main points Artistic ending **Preview +**

Preparation outlines are the first outline you make

True

The speaking outline generally does not use full sentences.

True

The speaking outline is a reduction of the preparation outline

True

Antithesis

Two contrasting ideas in parallel phrases, can bring contrasts into sharper focus. JFK inaugural adress

Tips for color

Use primary colors- red, blue, yellow Don't use clashing or confusing backgrounds Limit number of colors you use Avoid school or team colors

after lecture on how to organize speech

Warren miller powder ski film at Steamboat Springs, Colorado

Onomatopoeia

Words that sound like their meaning. These words can be quite useful in creating feeling or mood. Original Batman TV series

Lloyd Bitzer rhetorical situation

a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of exigence

Particular Audience

actually present to hear a speech, weather in person or via media

Terminal Value

are ideal states of being (Rokeach). Freedom Equality Happiness Security

You should begin any presentation with a(n)

attention getting device, like a short story or a quotation.

Abstract Words

describe intangible concepts that are difficult to picture, Such as health or deviator

Concrete Words

describe tangible things that listeners can picture, such as apple or smile

Which of the following is not part of the introduction?

evidence

Instrumental Value

guides for how to fulfill terminal values (Rokeach) Honesty Independence Responsibility Love

The Hostile Audience

predisposed against you or your position Goal: Reduce level of hostility to the thesis

The outline that lets you gather and organize information is what type?

preparation

When discussing the review of main points in the conclusion of a speech, I told you to view it as a(n

preview +

Values

principles that serve as guides for behavior

Transitions are signposts presented during a speech to help audience members follow along when a speaker moves from one theme to another. In the lecture on organizing a speech, I suggested the use of which specific type of transition?

review/preview

Joshua had created a good preparation outline and knew he needed to then create a:

speaking outline

The idea that what appears on one level is more general than the information appearing in levels under it is called:

subordination

Involuntary audience

tend to be more heterogenous, they differ from each other in many ways

Voluntary Audience

tend to be more homogenous, they have a lot in common

Style

the way you use language to express your ideas. Generally the best language is simple, specific and memorable.

Need

unsatisfied condition If the speech satisfies an unfulfilled need, the audience will probably listen


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