COMM 2020 Test 2 Study Guide
After the lecture on how to organize a presentation, I shared with you a video clip on the topic I shared with you as an example of how to organize a speech. Specifically, I shared a clip showing
"powder" skiing at Steamboat Springs.
3 components of Rhetorical situation
*** Exigence: An imperfection marked by the need for something to be said. *** Audience: Consists of those persons who are capable of being influenced by discourse and of being mediators of change. Set of Constraints: Constraints on the audience's ability to address the exigence, including beliefs, attitudes, facts, traditions, motives, and so on.
Speaking Outlines
-Preparation outlines use full sentences. -The speaking outline is a truncated form of the preparation outline. -The speaking outline does not use full sentences. -The speaking outline can have full sentences if using a direct quote. -The speaking outline is like a shorthand version of the preparation outline. -Speaking outlines can contain delivery cues. -First, practice with the preparation outline. -Then, practice with the speaking outline. -Outlines allow you to be organized and coherent.
Don't use a ___________ in attention getter
A joke or humorous instance A rhetorical or actual question
In our discussion of a speech introduction, I stated that one of the elements can be skipped or omitted. Which of the following is the element that can be appropriately omitted from the introduction of a speech?
A reason to listen to the speaker
All of the following were offered as hints for the use visual aids during a speech, except
All of the above
Stylistic
Alliteration Assonance Antithesis Hyperbole Onomatopoeia Personification Repetition and parallelism Simile and metaphor, can add impact to a speech.
Attitude
Approval or disapproval toward a person, group, idea or event Influences behaviors
Which of the following is NOT true? a. The speaking outline uses full sentences. b. The speaking outline is a truncated form of the preparation outline. c. The speaking outline can have delivery cues embedded. d. The speaking outline is a shorthand version of the preparation outline.
B. The speaking outline uses full sentences.
The Introduction
Begin with an attention getter Reason to listen Purpose statement preview of main points
Body of a speech
Blocks Transitions
During your speech
Cite authority to build ethos
The Neutral Audience
Considers itself rational, objective, and open to new information. Goals: To garner support of thesis To reenforce acceptance of the thesis
Universal Audience
Constructed in the mind of the speaker, the audience she envisions as ideal, rational and competent Sets the standard for truth
refers to the notion that all information on the same level should have the same significance.
Coordination
states that in order to separate a point you need to end up with at least two items.
Division
Demographics
Do not measure beliefs motives or attitudes Age Gender Race Religion Education Socio-economic status Group membership
Blocks
Each block presents and develops 1 major theme at a time Headline Evidence with cited authority
Most important goal for the use of a visual aid
Emphasis
Of the goals for the use of visual aids discussed in class, I stated the most important goal for the use of a visual aid is
Emphasis
The speaking outline is the first outline you make.
False
During our discussion of "Presentation Aids," I suggested that an effective visual aid slide or poster should have no more than 15 words on it.
False (3-5)
In order to avoid distractions during your presentation, the best time to distribute handouts is before the speech starts.
False (After)
The speaking outline is the first outline you make.
False (Preparation Outline)
The Friendly Audience
Favorably predisposed toward you or your position. Goals: To garner support of thesis; To reinforce acceptance of thesis; and To enlist future action in support of thesis *** Don't just preach to the choir***
Preparation Outlines
Full sentence Outlines General Purpose Statement The specific purpose statement Thesis Statement Introduction Body Conclusion
Personification
Giving human characteristics or feelings to an animal, object, or concept. Song Trouble - Kat Stevens from Harold and Maude
Visual aid Ted Talk
Hans Rosling on world population
The Uninterested Audience
Has a short attention span and might not want to be present. Goals: To show importance of thesis to specific audience To garner support of thesis
Demographics Ted Talk
Johanna Blakey - Women dominate social media sphere
Who coined the phrase Global Village
Martial McLuen
Psychographics
Measure attitudes, beliefs, behaviors, and motivation
! thing you can leave out in intro
Reason to listen to the speaker
Q&A Period
Repeat each question before answering Rephrase negative of unclear questions Think before answering Don't get angry of defensive Monitor time and close session with a final conclusion that refocuses on your speech intent
Transitions
Review Preview transitions
Most popular name in class
Sierra
Hints for creating effective visual aids
Simplicity Content Visibility Layout Color
Most important hint for creating effective visual aids
Simplicity - 3 to 5 words per visual aid
Presenting a small item (earrings)
Take a picture and show on a powerpoint
Term of Art
Term used specifically in a given discipline or area of study
Belief
The acceptance that something is true even if unproven Reasons for the attitudes people hold
Alliteration
The repetition of consonants, usually the first or last letter in a word. **** V is for Vendetta Film clip of Daniel Radcliffe on jimmy Fallon doing alphabet aerobics
Assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds.
The conclusion
Theme statement Review of main points Artistic ending **Preview +**
Preparation outlines are the first outline you make
True
The speaking outline generally does not use full sentences.
True
The speaking outline is a reduction of the preparation outline
True
Antithesis
Two contrasting ideas in parallel phrases, can bring contrasts into sharper focus. JFK inaugural adress
Tips for color
Use primary colors- red, blue, yellow Don't use clashing or confusing backgrounds Limit number of colors you use Avoid school or team colors
after lecture on how to organize speech
Warren miller powder ski film at Steamboat Springs, Colorado
Onomatopoeia
Words that sound like their meaning. These words can be quite useful in creating feeling or mood. Original Batman TV series
Lloyd Bitzer rhetorical situation
a complex of persons, events, objects, and relations presenting an actual or potential exigence which can be completely or partially removed if discourse, introduced into the situation, can so constrain human decision or action as to bring about the significant modification of exigence
Particular Audience
actually present to hear a speech, weather in person or via media
Terminal Value
are ideal states of being (Rokeach). Freedom Equality Happiness Security
You should begin any presentation with a(n)
attention getting device, like a short story or a quotation.
Abstract Words
describe intangible concepts that are difficult to picture, Such as health or deviator
Concrete Words
describe tangible things that listeners can picture, such as apple or smile
Which of the following is not part of the introduction?
evidence
Instrumental Value
guides for how to fulfill terminal values (Rokeach) Honesty Independence Responsibility Love
The Hostile Audience
predisposed against you or your position Goal: Reduce level of hostility to the thesis
The outline that lets you gather and organize information is what type?
preparation
When discussing the review of main points in the conclusion of a speech, I told you to view it as a(n
preview +
Values
principles that serve as guides for behavior
Transitions are signposts presented during a speech to help audience members follow along when a speaker moves from one theme to another. In the lecture on organizing a speech, I suggested the use of which specific type of transition?
review/preview
Joshua had created a good preparation outline and knew he needed to then create a:
speaking outline
The idea that what appears on one level is more general than the information appearing in levels under it is called:
subordination
Involuntary audience
tend to be more heterogenous, they differ from each other in many ways
Voluntary Audience
tend to be more homogenous, they have a lot in common
Style
the way you use language to express your ideas. Generally the best language is simple, specific and memorable.
Need
unsatisfied condition If the speech satisfies an unfulfilled need, the audience will probably listen
