COMM 315 (interpersonal) quizzes
People like people with whom they are frequently in close proximity (T/F)
True
The dialectical perspective on uncertainty is best characterized by which of the following statements?
We want both certainty and uncertainty in our relationships
People who are poor communicators are not aware that someone may communicate better than they do. This is explained by which of the following explanations?
"Ignorance is Bliss" Explanation
Most romantic couples have ______ disagreements per week, with ______ disagreements per month being particularly unpleasant.
1 to 3; 1 or 2
Studies suggest that approximately ______ of the meaning of a given interaction is interpreted from nonverbal behavior.
60-65%
According to the textbook, which of the following conditions define behavior's relationship to communication?
Behavior is communication if it is interpreted by a receiver.
Alex and Erika have been in a relationship for 15 years. Both of them describe their relationship as being happy and satisfying. One day while trying to make plans for the weekend, Erika snaps at Alex, saying that Alex's ideas sound uninteresting and uncreative and that they might as well just stay home. Based on the quality of their relationship, how is Alex most likely to explain Erika's insulting behavior?
Erika isn't usually so critical. She is probably having a bad day because of all the stress at work.
Cognitive valence theory proposes that the process of intimacy exchange begins with ______.
behavior
"I am sorry your feelings are hurt!" is an example of a one-up message (T/F)
False
According to your book, traditional marriages are based on a form of benevolent female dominance coupled with clearly specialized roles (T/F)
False
Engaging in direct communication is referred to as an extractive strategy (T/F)
False
In general, marital relationships are less stable than cohabitating relationships (T/F)
False
Men are more likely to do demanding and women are most likely to do the withdrawing (T/F)
False
Which of the following statements best describes the link between affection and health?
Giving and receiving affection are both related to mental and physical health.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the stance taken by the authors of your textbook regarding sex differences in intimate communication?
Men and women are more similar than they are different.
Which of the following is true of cohabiting couples?
Satisfaction levels decrease over time in marriages regardless of whether couples cohabited or not.
Professor Plum begins an interaction with his class using negative behavior. During the course of the interaction, he switches to positive behavior. Prof. Reibolt started an interaction with his class using positive behavior; but, he switched to negative behavior. How would the Loss-Gain Effect explain how the class would feel about Prof. Plum compared to Prof. Reibolt?
The class would be attracted to Professor Plum because the students' expectations were exceeded.
In terms of the effects of conflict on relationships, which of the following is true about conflict?
The way conflict is managed can determine how satisfying a relationship is
Tim receives 30 benefits for every 15 contributions he makes to his relationship with Sarah. Sarah, on the other hand, receives 25 benefits for every 5 contributions she makes. According to equity theory, ______.
Tim is underbenefitted and Sarah is over-benefitted
"Attack positions, not people (no name-calling, button pushing, or violence)" is one of the ten rules for constructive conflict management mentioned in your textbook (T/F)
True
Which of the following sex differences in love is accurate according to research?
Women are higher in pragma.
Which of the following about communicating power through clothing is true?
Women are often perceived more negatively than men when they violate clothing norms.
Adam and Zack are avoiding conversation topics and displaying jealous behavior in public. They are using ______ maintenance behaviors.
antisocial
Which of the following best represents the definition of conflict provided in the text?
a disagreement over incompatible goals
If you have a low level of uncertainty about someone, this means that you ______.
are confident about being able to predict and explain this person's behavior
According to your textbook, parents ______ their teenage children.
are kidding themselves if they think they can suddenly exert much control over
Talking about the future of the relationship falls under the maintenance behavior called ______.
assurances
One day at the grocery store, you notice a child and her mother in the cereal aisle. The child is pulling her mother toward a certain box of cereal. When her mother says, "No, you can't have that cereal because it is too sugary," the girl stamps her feet, cries, and pouts. Which of the following verbal power ploys best describes the one the child is using to influence her mother?
aversive stimulation
An under benefitted person is more likely than an over-benefitted person to ______.
be angry and aggressive
Although gay and lesbian couples report using many of the same maintenance behaviors as straight couples, ______ is especially important for maintaining gay and lesbian relationships.
bonding communication
A smile from your significant other sends a different message to you than a smile from a stranger. A secret your best friend tells you means something different than a disclosure from a stranger on a plane. The principle that explains these interactions is that relationships ______
contextualize messages
The negative spiral sequence characterized by one partner wanting to talk about an issue, while the other continually avoids the issue is ______.
demand-withdraw
According to the text, the authoritative discipline style is best described as ______.
demanding and directive, but also responsive
Dean and Jess are having trouble managing the tension in their relationship. Jess uses sarcasm and ambiguous statements to deal with it. Which strategy is Jess using to manage the tension?
disqualification
Which of Knapp's stages is characterized by extended small talk?
experimenting stage
Rhona would like to tell her best friend that she cheated on her SATs to get into college, but she's worried that if she does, her friend won't think she is intelligent and won't like or trust her anymore. Which of the following best indicates the fear that Rhona is experiencing?
fear of exposure or rejection
If Ian has an anxious-ambivalent attachment style, which of the following behaviors or emotions would be uncharacteristic of him?
freely exploring a new environment
The research reported in your textbook suggests that ______ are the two nonverbal behaviors that are most frequently used to express comfort and social support.
hugs and close proxemic distancing
The concept of ______ has been used to explain why some couples become disillusioned and less relationally satisfied when their formerly long distance relationships become proximal.
idealization
The concept of ______ refers to the idea that we sometimes like people who are similar to us in arbitrary ways, such as having similar names or being born during the same month.
implicit egotism
The correct sequence for Knapp's five stages of coming together is ______.
initiating, experimenting, intensifying, integrating, and bonding
As mentioned in the textbook, there are three overriding sets of goals that people strive for in relationships. If you are interested in obtaining a letter of recommendation from one of your professors, you have to communicate your wishes to your professor and explain why and how the letter will help you. In doing this, you would be attempting to fulfill which of the following sets of goals?
instrumental
If people make ______ attributions, they believe that the cause of another person's behavior is based on their personality. When they make ______ attributions, they believe that another person's behavior is caused by situational factors.
internal, external
Adam and Benjamin saved their money to buy their parents a very special gift for their anniversary. They are not telling anybody else in their family about it. They want it to be a big surprise! They are keeping a/an ______ secret.
intrafamily
According to your textbook, the most satisfying sex takes place in ______ relationships.
long-term, romatic
Sophie was attracted to Bryce in part because he is sensitive and caring. Sophie uses a lot of intensification strategies in her relationship with Bryce, but she also uses a lot of secret tests and negative maintenance strategies. On the basis of this description, what love style does Sophie seem to have?
mania
In terms of sex differences in maintenance behaviors, the authors of your textbook take the position that ______.
men and women are from the same planet
Compared to heterosexual women, lesbians ______.
must renegotiate sexual initiation roles
According to predicted outcome value theory, people are likely to seek more information when they ______.
predict that future interactions with a person will be rewarding
On a normal basis, you come home from school and find your housemate's socks on the floor. One day, however, you come home and find the floor free of socks. Which of the following types of expectancies have been violated?
predictive
Which of the following constitutes competitive responses to flaming?
reciprocal flaming
According to most research, we are attracted to those who are attitudinally similar to us because they are able to provide us with ______.
reinforcement
Late one Friday afternoon, the person you are dating calls and asks, "So, what are we doing tonight?" You interpret this question as good thing and realize you have a partner who is always there for you. This refers to the ______ level of the message.
relational
Michael and Bernadette believe that sexual intercourse is a way of expressing love and affection as well as for developing greater relational intimacy. This implies that they have a ______ orientation toward sexuality.
relational
The single biggest motivator leading to avoidance of a particular issue with a partner is ______.
relationship protection
Your textbook reports that rather than valuing equity, people in Asia and Eastern Europe believe that ______.
resources should be distributed equally among people, regardless of their contributions
A "friends with benefits" relationship is different from a "romantic relationship" because
romantic relationships are usually defined by more commitment and exclusivity
The two fields that have contributed most to the study of personal relationships are ______.
social psychology and communication
Ricky and Lucy are best friends, but sometimes they can't help thinking about each other as potential romantic partners rather than friends. The challenge they are dealing with is ______.
the emotional bond challenge
There are several elements that affect the severity of a face threatening act (FTA). Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?
the esteem levels of the receiver and the sender
A person re-evaluates her or his degree of under-benefitedness after considering all the contributions her or his partner makes to
the relationship
Mike and Micky decided to have a ceremony to renew their vows to celebrate their 50th anniversary. They recognize that this event signifies a ______ in their relationship.
turning point
Someone wearing a religious necklace could be disclosing something about his or her religious beliefs. Someone posting pictures of their significant other is disclosing relationship information. However, according to the text, most self-disclosure is ______.
verbal
The turbulence model suggests that people experience the most uncertainty ______.
when they are in the process of moving their relationship from casual to committed
According to the book, Generation MySpace, discussed in Chapter 2, which of the following is true of the current millennial generation?
Entertainment rules! Life is about video games and social networking.
Which of the following is the best example of symmetrical message exchange?
Tom says, "Take out the trash," and Jake says, "Take it out yourself."
Which of the following strategies would be classified as active according to uncertainty reduction theory?
asking a friend to find out if someone you are interested in is already dating someone else
Close relationships are defined by ______.
behavioral interdependence, repeated interaction, emotional attachment, and needed fulfillment
If Natalie begins a statement by saying "I know this might not make you happy, but . . .", she is engaging in which kind of preventative facework strategy?
cognitive disclaimer
The tendency to perceive physically attractive people as more sociable is part of what effect?
halo effect
When you can stand up for your own rights and tell your partner that they hurt your feelings, you are able to use ______ effectively.
negative assertions
A/an ______ occurs when an expectation exists that something will happen, and a person behaves in a way (often unconsciously) that actually makes it more likely that the anticipated event will occur.
self-fulfilling prophecy
The desire to "hang out" and be friendly with someone is which type of attraction?
social
Vivian enjoys working with Chris on class projects, and she admires how hardworking he is. What kind of attraction does Vivian feel for Chris?
task attraction
In long-term committed relationships, ______.
"birds of a feather flock together" is truer that "opposites attract"
The study of personal relationships is taught solely in communication departments (T/F)
False
According to the authors of the textbook, ______ is a richer source of power messages than ______.
nonverbal communication, verbal communication
The models that form the basis of attachment styles are known as "working models" because ______.
they are relatively stable, yet can be changed by new experiences
In both face-to-face interaction and online communication, hostile behaviors tend to be reciprocated during conflict (T/F)
True
Interpersonal valence refers to the degree we find someone attractive (T/F)
True
Invisible support is most effective in reducing distress because people do not want to feel dependent (T/F)
True
Jealousy induction is an antisocial maintenance behavior (T/F)
True
Knapp's 10-stage outline for the typical pattern of relationship development and decline follows a typical order; however, the steps can vary in real life situations (T/F)
True
Panache is a quality that draws others in and makes them more memorable (T/F)
True
People can restore equity by changing their behavior (T/F)
True
Personality often guides disclosure decisions (T/F)
True
Rather than having two completely separate identities, people in close relationships tend to merge identities (T/F)
True
Same-sex siblings of about the same age are particularly likely to engage in frequent, competitive fighting (T/F)
True
Saying "we" is more verbally immediate than saying you and I (T/F)
True
Some studies show that men are likely to have higher sexual expectations for dates that are initiated by women than women have (T/F)
True
Studies show that sites which include attractive images lead to greater attraction to that person than those with no image (T/F)
True
The coming apart phase of differentiating begins with uncoupling behavior (T/F)
True
The idea that relational communication is dynamic means that communication reflects the changing nature of relationships (T/F)
True
When our life partner does something unexpected, we are sometimes less able to predict their attitudes and behaviors (T/F)
True
Women are more likely to use less powerful speech because they are more polite and interpersonally sensitive than men (T/F)
True
Women tend to disclose somewhat more than men, particularly on intimate topics (T/F)
True
Love is a universal, cross-cultural emotion (T/F)
True
Snapchat is a form of small talk (T/F)
True
Recent research by Duran and colleagues showed that the autonomy connection dialectic did not apply to cell phone communication (T/F)
False
Research shows that "opposites attract" relationships last longer than "similarities attract" relationships (T/F)
False
Self-presentational goals relate to the image we want others to convey.
False
______ refers to the qualities we understand ourselves to possess.
Identity
Knowledge of relational communication does not guarantee that we will be attracted to the "right people" (T/F)
True
Many gay, lesbian, and transgendered people closet their real identities because of fears of rejection and possible violence (T/F)
True
Being attracted to a narcissistic person appears to be a common type of fatal attraction (T/F)
True
Researchers explored the concept of "nice guys finish last." According to their study, people who are attracted to "nice guys" also value ______.
altruism
Brenna tells Jacob: "We always spent time together, and that's great, but I need to spend time with my friends too." Which dialectical tension does Brenna discourse reflect?
autonomy-connection
Which of the following strategies for enacting a face threatening act (FTA) is typically used, when task efficiency is a priority and the power/status difference between individuals is large?
bald on-record strategy
According to the text, the ability to manage your self-presentation flexibly in a variety of contexts is one important aspect of ______.
communication competence
Which form of complementarity is least likely to be related to attraction and liking?
complementarity in values
Max travels by plane on a business trip even though he is terrified of plane rides. As he anxiously sits through take-off, he becomes aware of his attraction to the woman sitting next to him and begins to talk with her. What led to Max becoming more attracted to this woman than he would normally have been?
excitation transfer
The initiating stage is to Knapp and Vangelisti's model as the ______ stage is to Altman and Taylor's social penetration model.
exploratory affective exchange
Initially, Amy was attracted to Naomi due to her skill in flirting and her desire to try new things—the exact opposite of Amy's own shy personality. Recently, Amy has discovered that Naomi often flirts with other women and makes plans to be with them, so the very qualities that attracted Amy are now those that are destroying the relationship. This exemplifies ______.
fatal attraction
Anika considers herself to be a very athletic person. After a game one day, her coach congratulates her on her performance during the game. However, she hears some of her teammates saying that they think she is not very athletically skilled. Which instance(s) of feedback is Anika likely to attend to?
only her coach's feedback—we usually attend to feedback that is consistent with our own perception of identity
According to the theory of motivated information management, ______ affect how people seek information to reduce uncertainty.
outcome expectancies
During a party for a mutual friend, Mike spots Alex. Mike observes that Alex does not have any people around her who seem to be romantic partners. He notices that she hums along to the same songs he likes. He realizes she eats the same food he eats. As he watches her leave with her friends, he decides the next time he sees her, he'll talk to her. Mike's uncertainty reduction strategy is best described as ______.
passive
With which of the following individuals do most people usually have high incentive value for reducing uncertainty?
potential romantic partner, boss, and disliked person who cannot be avoided
According to the textbook, the study of interpersonal communication emerged as one of the primary emphases in the communication discipline because of the ______.
realization that relational development and communication share a symbiotic relationship
According to research cited in the text, when people interact with others, the most common topics involve ______
relationship problems, sex, family, and romantic partners
According to Knapp's reversal hypothesis of relational de-escalation, ______.
relationships go through predictable stages during breakups
Research has shown that self-disclosure in international friendships is most effective in helping develop the relationship if it is accompanied by ______
responsiveness
The external manifestation of the expression dialectic is called ______.
revealment-concealment
Jana is engaged to Matt. She suspects Matt is very flirtatious. To reduce her uncertainty about her fiancé and to see if he is the "right one" for her, she types up an anonymous letter. In the letter, she asks Matt to meet at a certain place and time. She signs it, "your secret admirer." Jana believes that her uncertainty will be reduced by seeing if Matt tells her about the letter and/or if he shows up at the fictitious meeting. Jana's uncertainty reduction strategy is best categorized as a ______.
triangle test
Pat has spent weeks preparing for the dance recital. On the opening night, Pat tells everyone "I twisted my ankle and might not be able to dance tonight." Pat is nervous and afraid of a potentially poor performance. Pat just used ______ as a method of preventive facework.
verbal handicapping
The distinction between romantic versus nonromantic relationships is based on ______.
whether people define themselves as a couple
Most studies of touch have been conducted in private settings (T/F)
False
People feel obligated to respond to non-directed self-disclosure (T/F)
False
People rarely engage in topic avoidance or secret keeping when they believe that talking about a particular topic would be futile (T/F)
False
Successful boundary management seldom requires cooperation between people (T/F)
False
The attachment style defined by positive model of self and negative model of others is the secure style (T/F)
False
The benefits of affection are primarily from receiving rather than giving affection (T/F)
False
The chilling effect usually means people like to voice their opinions and complaints during a conflict (T/F)
False
The primary focus of the model of relational turbulence is that the initial interactions in a relationship are filled with tension as people adjust to each other (T/F)
False
Dylan is a game player who likes to play "hard to get" and have fun in his relationships. It is difficult for Dylan to stay committed to one romantic relationship for very long so he is a ludic lover (T/F)
True
Which strategy is used the most often to help intensify relationships?
increased contact
According to research cited in the textbook, partners in ______ relationships are likely to use blatant power strategies such as verbal aggression and constraints on each other and are not very likely to be diverse in their use of influence strategies.
traditional and unequal
Which of the following statements best reflects the first and most central principle of uncertainty reduction theory?
People are motivated to seek information in an effort to reduce uncertainty, especially during initial encounters with others.
Safe sex is an important topic of discussion for people in relationships. Which of the following statements is accurate?
According to one study, 99% of college students were confident that their partner did not have an STI.
What is the difference between the content and relational communication of messages?
Content level conveys information at a literal level; relational level provides context for interpreting the message.
In good relationships, a person should always help maintain a partner's former identity (T/F)
False
For relational growth to produce lasting, positive results, it needs to be linear.
False
Identity is independent of our social relationships (T/F)
False
Which of the following is one of the reasons given for the existence of the "Romeo and Juliet" effect?
Individuals may enjoy the feeling of an illicit secret.
One day, a friend tells you that he recently met someone to whom he is attracted. He tells you that the person he met seems to be hinting that the attraction could be reciprocated but that he isn't sure because the behaviors seem so indirect. Your friend wants to know why people would use indirect behaviors to express their attraction to someone instead of just coming right out and saying it. Knowing a thing or two about courtship and flirting, you would be most correct in saying which of these statements?
People use indirect behaviors because such behaviors are safe and help the flirter avoid losing face.
Because there are fewer nonverbal cues in online communication, people have a greater need for uncertainty reduction online than face to face (T/F)
True
Which of the following is the best example of trying to protect negative face?
Sam doesn't want to feel obliged to go to his girlfriend's house for Thanksgiving.
Identity incorporates expectations and guides behavior (T/F)
True
One explanation for differences between what is attractive to men and what is attractive to women is the theory that men and women have different roles in procreation and parenting, and thus need to look for different things in a potential mate. What theory is this?
Social Evolutionary Theory
______ provides an explanation for how our identities are developed and maintained as well as how our identity is intricately linked to group memberships.
Social identity theory
Conflict is most likely to occur in the context of close relationships (T/F)
True
Cyber emigrant relationships are those in which partners first meet in person but then start communicating primarily online (T/F)
True
Which of the following statements best illustrates the process of fatal attraction?
The very qualities that draw us to someone can contribute to the eventual relationship breakup.
A relationship can be unbalanced in terms of specific equity, but balanced overall (T/F)
True
According to Knapp and Vangelisti, the stages of coming together are the mirror image of the stages coming apart (T/F)
True
According to research cited in the text, women sometimes fail to use sexual resistance messages because they fear the relational consequences of turning down their partner (T/F)
True
According to your book, in the twenty-first century, most women are not satisfied with traditional gender roles (T/F)
True
According to your text and Watzlawick et al., one cannot not communicate in face-to-face settings (T/F)
True
Almost two thirds of all sexual assaults occur with relational partners (T/F)
True
Altman and Taylor's social penetration theory includes six dimensions of self-disclosure. ______ refers to how honest or truthful the disclosure is.
Veracity
Marcia is nervous when an attractive person approaches her and says "hello." She ties to hide her anxiety, but the person notices that she is a bit fidgety and figures out that she is nervous. This is an example of _________
accidental communication
Research show that men use more powerful forms of speech than women ______.
across all situations
Scott washes his partner's car, helps with the household chores, and runs errands. He is expressing his love through the language of ______.
acts of service
Close relationships satisfy interpersonal needs. The three most central needs are ______
affection, social inclusion, and behavioral control
According to ______, affectionate communication is a biologically adaptive behavior that contributes to human viability and fertility by improving health and fortifying the body's flight or fight system.
affective exchange theory
There are some sex differences between men and women and how they express closeness in same sex friendships. Men are more likely to have ______.
agentic friendships
Isabel stands at the foot of the stairs and yells "dinner's ready" to her kids who are upstairs. However, her kids do not hear her because they are both listening to their I-Pods. This is an example of ______.
attempted communication
If you were trying to predict who would be in the "demanding" versus "withdrawing" position during a conflict episode, which piece of information would be most helpful?
being able to identify who was a man and who was a woman
As relationships develop and become closer, ______.
breadth increases before depth, and valence starts out positive but later becomes mixed
Luke is hurt and uncertain about his relationship with Mara Jade. He lashed out at her and refused to look at her when she tried to talk with him. Luke is engaged in ______.
button pushing
According to Andersen's Cognitive Valence Theory, ______ are templates that people use to help them label behavior as appropriate or inappropriate.
cognitive valencers
The theory by Petronio that explains how people negotiate their need for privacy is called ______.
communication privacy management theory
Whenever Leia and Han get involved in an argument, one of them always has to win and one has to lose. They are engaged with what kind of conflict style?
competitive fighting
Consider the first pairing of messages in this conversation. Marissa says "You've been on the phone for an hour—get off!" and Nicole says "Okay." This message pairing is an example of ______.
complementarity
Nikolai and Teresa are trying to decide which restaurant they should take their friend Thomas to for his birthday. Nikolai wants to take Thomas to a Vietnamese restaurant (which serves generous portions of inexpensive but delicious food), and Teresa wants to take Thomas to a French restaurant (which serves expensive and beautifully presented food). To resolve the issue, they decide to flip a coin. If Nikolai wins the coin toss, they will take Thomas to the Vietnamese restaurant and the next time a friend of theirs has a birthday, they will take her or him to the French restaurant that Teresa likes. If Teresa wins the coin toss, they will go to the French restaurant first and the Vietnamese restaurant later. The conflict style they used is best described as ______.
compromising
The way we would greet a potential boss and try to impress her/him by discussing ideas of ethics and company loyalty illustrates which aspect of Goffman's dramaturgical perspective?
front-stage behaviors
Raphael has stopped texting and replying to Jane's messages. It's like Raphael has just disappeared from the relationship. This is known as ______.
ghosting
A friend comes to you with a problem—she just had an argument with her roommate, and her roommate said some really nasty things to her. Your friend is visibly upset. Which of the following would be most effective in comforting your friend?
high person-centeredness and high nonverbal intimacy
The valence of self-disclosure refers to ______.
how positive or negative the self-disclosure is
According to your text book, people actually self-disclose more ______.
in mediated contexts
Baxter and Wilmot's (1985) research on secret tests shows that the majority of our uncertainty reduction techniques in early stages of relationships are ______.
indirect
Paul jokingly asks his wife if she'd like to have five children. If Paul's comment is designed to see if his wife really might consider having five children, his comment would be classified as the secret test called ______.
indirect suggestion test
Which of Stemberg's types of love is characterized by high levels of passion but low levels of intimacy and commitment?
infatuation
Aragorn compliments his coach on his "good judgment, his "ability to see beyond what happens on the field", and his "knack for motivating players" in an effort to prevent himself from being cut from the team. Which verbal power ploy describes Aragorn's comments best?
ingratiation
Chloe and Aidan have known one another for several years, but gradually they've begun to get closer and have moved their relationship to a romantic level. They've begun to attend parties together, host get-togethers, and often finish one another's sentences. What stage of Knapp's theory of coming together would best characterize Chloe and Aiden's current relationship?
integrating stage
Lisa just received some bad news about the health of her mother. Her best friend tried to comfort her, but Lisa doesn't want to talk. The two of them just sit together. According to the Dual Process Model of Supportive Communication, Lisa responded to the ______.
invisible support phenomenon
The judgment-acceptance dialectic ______.
involves being able to accept friends for who they are
Self-disclosure in a relationship ______.
is usually reciprocal
Charles Horton Cooley's classic belief that our identity is affected by the feedback we receive from others is termed ______.
looking-glass self
Chris is interested in getting to know Pat. They are in the same class together. Chris gets to class early to be able to sit next to Pat. Chris is reducing uncertainty by ______.
manipulating the social environment
In contrast to the spill-over effect, the socialization effect suggests that children ______.
model their parents' conflict behavior
Which strategy for dealing with dialectical tensions involves striving to reach a midpoint between the two ends of the dialectic?
moderation
Which of the following statements about friends with benefits relationships is false according to the research reported in your textbook?
most partners negotiate ground rules in their friends-with-benefits relationships
When you direct someone to a person or a group that can help them, you are offering ______ support.
network
When someone posts information of a personal nature on a publicly accessible site, it is ______.
non-directed self-disclosure
According to the textbook, which of the following has the most influence on the quality of our relationships?
nonverbal behaviors
In a long-distance relationship disclosure is ______.
often delayed
The cascade of the four horsemen of the apocalypse begins when ______.
one person complains or criticizes the other
A conversational message that shows submission is called a ______.
one-down message
Marianne and her two daughters work together to keep a family secret from ever being known to anyone but the three of them. The process of working together relates to the concept of ______.
ownership
Jeff had been planning a special evening for Keith for several weeks. They had their special drinks, favorite foods, and memorable music. Unfortunately, Keith didn't react positively, and the evening back-fired. This is an example of ______.
paradox of affection
According to the spill-over effect, children who witness their parents engaging in frequent, aggressive conflict are more likely to have trouble interacting with their peers and performing at their full potential in school because ______.
parents who engage in dysfunctional conflict are also likely to have dysfunctional parenting styles
Jamie recently began dating after exiting a long-term relationship. Jamie feels like this new relationship is working. However, given the recent breakup, Jamie isn't quite sure if this is an accurate, shared perception. Jamie is experiencing ______ uncertainty.
partner
Which of the following statements best describes the liking-disclosure hypothesis?
people disclose more when they like someone
The idea that nonverbal immediacy behaviors are processed as a gestalt means that ______.
people focus on the whole package of nonverbal behaviors rather than any single behavior
In the first stage of Scheflen's model of courtship, people's behavior is best described as ______.
polite and tentative
In the textbook, the authors note that in dating relationships, we tend to prefer ______ feedback on our identity, yet in marriage relationships we tend to prefer ______ feedback on our identity.
positive, authentic
According to the text, ______ refers to an individual's ability to influence others to do what the individual wants, as well as an individual's ability to resist the influence attempts of others.
power
Tactics such as repeatedly demanding sex, threatening to break off or de-escalate the relationship, and using drugs or alcohol as a means of inducing one's partner to have sex, fall under the sexual initiation strategy called ______.
pressure and manipulation
According to the text, one reason why researchers have found that women have more intimate relationships than men do is that ______.
scholars have traditionally thought of intimate relationships as emotional, feminine, and affectionate
Attachment theory is based on the idea that early interactions shape our working models of ______ and ______. These models combine to form the foundation of our attachment style.
self, others
People seek out relationships in order to gain more experience. They terminate these relationships when they perceive that their identities are no longer growing. This is the basic premise behind ______.
self-expansion theory
According to research cited in the text, men use ______ to display intimacy more than women do.
shared interest and activities
Which of the following helps explain why attachment styles change?
significant events such as divorce or moving to a new city
A person who has a high visual dominance score ______.
spends more time looking while speaking than looking while listening
If people engage in gunnysacking, it means that they ______.
store up many small issues over time, ultimately bringing them all up during one conflict
Ron and Pam are great friends. They have no desire to ever get involved with each other romantically; however, they do consider themselves intimate friends. According to the research on coping with romantic intent, Ron and Pam are part of the ______ group.
strictly platonic
Couples who handle conflict in a calm, collaborative fashion ______.
tend to be satisfied with their relationships
You have just been hired as a consultant for a large company to analyze some project teams and to report on how power is distributed within them. On your first day, you immediately notice that one person is late to the meeting and is dressed a little more casually than the others. In the discussion, this person is the one who initiates the topics, seems to interrupt, and closes the meeting. Based on which principle of power would you say that this person is more powerful than the others?
the prerogative principle
Maureen and Michael are platonic cross-sex friends. Maureen's boyfriend gets jealous when she spends a lot of time with Michael; and Michael constantly has to explain to everyone that he is not interested in Maureen in a romantic way. The challenge they are dealing with is ______.
the public presentation challenge
If someone's disclosure is high in breadth, depth, and duration, but is low in frequency, this is indicative of which phenomenon?
the stranger-on-the-plane phenomenon