Comm 371 Quizzes 7, 8, 10, & 12
How does nonverbal communication differ from verbal communication?: a. People have more control over their nonverbal than their verbal behavior. b. We tend to think about our nonverbal behaviors more than about our use of language. c. We learn nonverbal behaviors implicitly. d. Nonverbal behavior always complements verbal behavior.
C
Learning that comes from a particular relationship, but generalizes to other contexts, is called cultural learning.
False
Long-term sojourners more actively resist adaptation than short-term sojourners TF
False
Migrants who observe more and communicate less will experience more culture shock than those who communicate a lot. TF
False
Neighborhood and region are generally considered to be the same concept. TF
False
People are more likely to experience culture shock when they avoid contact with members of the new culture. TF
False
People who prefer a polychronic orientation to time tend to do things one at a time, and time is regulated in small precise units. TF
False
The ability to "walk in another person's shoes" is nonjudgmentalism.
False
The term cultural space refers to a physical location from which an individual speaks. TF
False
Traveling and migrating alter cultural spaces in the same ways. TF`
False
When nonverbal behavior contradicts a verbal message, people tend to believe the verbal message more because it happens at a more conscious level. TF
False
As relationships develop in intimacy, friends share more personal and private information.
True
In Phoenix, The Polish Catholic mass on Sundays is an example of postmodern cultural space. TF
True
Low-contact societies are cultures in which people tend to stand farther apart while communicating and speak in softer voices. TF
True
One of the main challenges facing intercultural communication researchers who study nonverbal communication is the need for more theoretical support to explain cross-cultural differences. TF
True
Prejudice is often expressed by nonverbal behaviors. TF
True
Traveling changes cultural spaces in ways that often transform the traveler. TF
True
A multicultural identity can be defined as Answers: a. an identity built on the sense of in-betweenness that develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings. b. an identity that is grounded in the Western tradition of scientific and political beliefs and assumptions. c. an identity based on experience of traveling to two or more cultures. d. an identity that has a number of competing dialects that are the result of different cultural influences.
a
A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity is called answers: a. assimilation. b. integration. c. separation. d. segregation.
a
How can the practice of dialogue help someone to become a better intercultural communicator? Answer: a. True dialogue reflects feelings of mutual equality and supportiveness which helps us really hear the voices of those who come from other cultures. b. Dialogue is similar to daily conversation but it requires us to investigate the cultural background of other interactants before we speak. c. True dialogue can only take place when we focus on understanding people from other cultures--rather than on knowing our assumptions and social locations. d. Dialogue helps us to show respect and supportiveness but its drawback is that we cannot hear voices from those who are shy or quiet.
a
In a study of intercultural relationship development, Sudweek and her colleagues found that it is important that each party makes time for the relationship. This is a theme of Answers: a. involvement b. linguistic competence c. objectivity d. independence
a
The D.I.E. exercise is helpful in understanding intercultural dynamics because Answers: a. confusing the different levels of processing information can lead to misunderstanding and ineffective communication. b. evaluation is the most important method of understanding intercultural processes. c. people should always stay at the descriptive level while interacting with someone who is culturally different. d. people should never make negative evaluations of intercultural processes.
a
The dialectic that suggests that individuals should consider how much they and others are alike as well as not alike is called Answers: a. Differences-Similarities Dialectic b. Cultural-Individual Dialectic c. Static-Dynamic Dialectic d. Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic
a
When a person realizes that he/she is not experiencing success in intercultural interactions, it is a case of Answers: a. conscious incompetence. b. unconscious competence. c. conscious competence. d. unconscious incompetence.
a
When one partner denies his or her own culture for that of the partner, it is called Answers: a. submissive style b. compromise style c. obliteration style d. consensus style
a
Which of the following is true about nonverbal behavior? Answers: a. We are rarely conscious of our nonverbal communication behaviors. b. The lower a person's status, the more likely the person is to use large, expansive gestures. c. There are no nonverbal behaviors that consistently reveal deception. d. There is little cultural variation in how nonverbal communication is used.
a
Which of the following statements is true? Answers: a. The gestures used in the United States may have different meanings in other cultures. b. There are really no facial expressions that are universally understood. c. Cultures with a polychronic orientation to time view time as a commodity. d. Eye contact varies only by context, not by culture.
a
Which of the following underscores one of the differences between modernist and postmodern cultural spaces? Answer: a. A postmodern cultural space exists as long as the cultural practices exist. b. The borders of postmodern cultural spaces are closely guarded. c. Postmodern cultural spaces are closely tied to a physical location. d. Postmodern cultural spaces give rise to fixed notions of ethnic identity.
a
Communication scholar Pei-Wen Le studied intercultural friendships and found Answers: a. the degree of attractiveness will determine possible relationship formation. b. a third culture (backdrop) that is not home to either of the friends. c. relationships form very quickly. d. relationships outside the culture are viewed as more significant than those within the culture.
b
If Nadini, who is from India, is really trying hard to communicate as appropriately and effectively as possible with her American classmates, she is operating from which level of competence? Answers: a. unconscious competence b. conscious competence c. unconscious incompetence d. conscious incompetence
b
In the intercultural context, empathy refers to Answers: a. being able to judge according to our own frame of reference. b. the capacity to imagine oneself in another role within a different cultural context. c. the ability to make correct interpretations of the other's behavior. d. consciousness of one's own intercultural behavior.
b
Much of the research on intercultural friendships and romantic relationships has traditionally Answers: a. investigated both heterosexual and homosexual relational contexts. b. used U.S. Americans (particularly White Americans) as a point of comparison for other cultures. c. provided in depth, non-essentialist (non-stereotypical) information about cultural differences between groups. d. discussed the power imbalance among different racial groups.
b
People who move into new cultural contexts for a limited period of time and for a specific purpose are known as Answers: a. short-term refugees. b. sojourners. c. mid-term refugees. d. long-term refugees.
b
The W-curve theory suggests that Answers: a. cultural adjustment is a long-term process of ups and downs. b. people may experience cultural adjustment upon returning home. c. sojourners experience excitement, shock, and then adaptation to "host" cultures. d. cultural adjustment is a growth process.
b
The ease in dealing with situations in which there is a great deal of unknown is called Answers: a. linguistic knowledge. b. tolerance for ambiguity. c. nonjudgmentalism d. empathy.
b
The quality of knowing how one is perceived as a communicator as well as one's strengths and weaknesses is called Answers: a. motivation. b. self-knowledge. c. empathy. d. transpection.
b
What are two fundamental differences between the U-curve and W- curve of adaptation? Answers: a. predictive and explanatory uncertainty b. personal change and expectations c. functional fitness and psychological health d. assimilation and separation
b
What two primary characteristics distinguish different migrant groups? Answers: a. language and status differences b. length of migration and motivation for migration c. gender and status differences d. goals for sojourn and ability to adapt
b
Which of the following are major reasons for people choosing not to date outside their ethnic group? Answers: a. They perceive people from other ethnic groups as less attractive. b. They just don't think about it. c. They seldom have the time to put forth the extra effort to date outside their ethnic group. d. They are too busy dating people from their own culture.
b
Which of the following is true about cultural spaces? Answers: a. The influence they have on our identities is static. b. We negotiate relationships to the cultural meanings attached to particular spaces in which we live. c. Generally, cultural spaces refer to a very particular physical location where we reside. d. Cultural spaces can be accepted or rejected, they are never forced on us.
b
Which of the following is true about the role of motivation in intercultural communication? Answers: a. Most of the time the communicators' skill levels are more significant than motivation in intercultural communication. b. Historical and political contexts may influence a person's motivation to communicate. c. The amount of information a person has about another culture will determine his or her level of motivation to communicate. d. Motivation to communicate in intercultural contexts is more often found in women than men.
b
Which of the following is true for reentry adaptation? Answers: a. One of the best things about returning home is that the primary changes are political and cultural, not personal. b. One of the challenges of reentry adaptation is that people do not expect to have difficulties. c. The reentry adaptation process is completely different from the cultural adaptation process. d. It is easier to go through reentry adaptation because people are already familiar with the norms and attitudes of their home cultures.
b
All of the following are true about cultural spaces EXCEPT that: Answers: a. they are framed by cultural discourses. b. they overlap with other spaces. c. they are fixed in time and space. d. they change as new people move in.
c
Collier compares conversational rules in close friendships across four different co-cultural groups in the U.S., and the result indicates: Answers: a. There was no difference across the different groups with regard to the perception of how long it takes to develop a close relationship. b. Anglo-Americans felt that it takes more time to develop a close friendship than Latino/a, Asian American, and African American students. c. Latino/as emphasized relational support as an important aspect of close friendships. d. Friendship means the same thing across different co-cultural groups, because they are all Americans.
c
Cross-cultural empathy is called Answers: a. knowledge. b. intercultural alliance. c. transpection. d. attitude.
c
If Jurgen, from Germany, is communicating with his friend Koji from Japan and accidentally offends Koji, who never tells him, what approach may Jurgen have been using to communicate? Answers: a. unconscious competence b. conscious competence c. unconscious incompetence d. conscious incompetence
c
Linguistic knowledge leads to higher intercultural competence because Answers: a. it is the first step everyone needs to take to learn about intercultural communication. b. we cannot communicate with people from different cultures if the interaction is not conducted in their first languages. c. knowing the difficulty of learning a second language helps us develop empathy for individuals who face challenges in new cultural contexts. d. fluency in a foreign language increases tolerance for ambiguity.
c
The critical approach to intercultural communication competence reminds us that Answers: a. good communicators need to be sensitive to the many moral values in intercultural interactions. b. good communicators need to think about how cultural variations influence the process of communication. c. good communicators realize that political, economic, and historical contexts constrain an individual's competence. d. good communicators need to aggressively question existing social structures and take actions.
c
The dialectic that suggests that people and relationships are constantly in flux is called Answers: a. Differences-Similarities Dialectic b. Cultural-Individual Dialectic c. Static-Dynamic Dialectic d. Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic
c
What label refers to the way people conceptualize and think about time? Answers: a. proxemics b. semiotics c. chronemics d. paralanguage
c
What two types of uncertainty do migrants experience when they begin interacting in the "host" culture? Answers: a. voluntary and forced uncertainty b. long-term and short-term uncertainty c. predictive and explanatory uncertainty d. psychological and functional uncertainty
c
What type of migrants are people who leave their countries to come to the United States permanently, because they want to be close to relatives who have already come? Answers: a. sojourners b. domestic refugees c. immigrants d. long-term refugees
c
Which is true of gay and lesbian relationships? Answers: a. They end after sex is terminated. b. They do not distinguish between "lovers" and "friends." c. Close relationships may be more important to gays and lesbians than to straight people. d. None of these is true.
c
Which of the following is generally true for nonverbal communication in the United States? Answers: a. People in the United States tend to stand closer to each other than Arabs do while talking. b. The United States is a higher contact culture than most of the cultures in South America. c. Most people feel it is important to maintain intermittent eye contact during communication. d. Time is generally viewed as more holistic or circular.
c
Which of the following is true for culture shock? Answers: a. Every sojourner will experience culture shock. b. There are no benefits to experiencing culture shock. c. Culture shock can result in an identity crisis. d. Older people may experience less severe culture shock than younger people.
c
Which of the following is true of intercultural relationships? Answers: a. Minority communities will be more opposed to them than majority communities. b. They are generally more superficial in the long run than intracultural relationships. c. People may be attracted to each other because they have different cultural backgrounds. d. People t
c
Which orientation to time prevails in the United States? answers: a. polychronic b. semiotic c. monochronic d. subjective
c
According to the critical approach, which of the following may be considered to be a contextual influence on intercultural relationships? Answers: a. family b. school c. history d. all of these
d
According to the textbook authors, which of the following adages seem(s) to be true in relationships? Answers: a. Birds of a feather flock together. b. Out of sight, out of mind. c. Opposites attract. d. A & C only
d
According to the textbook, we often believe that nonverbal behaviors convey the: Answers: a. "deceptive" message b. "relational" message c. "status" message d. "real" message
d
According to the transitional model of adaptation, Answers: a. individuals experience excitement, culture shock, and adaptation. b. adaptation is mainly a process of cognitive adjustment. c. adaptation occurs through uncertainty reduction. d. adaptation involves loss and change.
d
An attempt to influence others, to make them feel more positive toward the sender, and to create a social bond with others, is/are accomplished through Answers: a. mimicry. b. crying. c. laughter d. a & c
d
Mail order bride businesses tend to perpetuate which stereotypes of Asian women as wives? Answers: a. submissive b. good cooks c. erotic d. A and C only
d
People who are forced to relocate permanently because of war, famine and oppression are known as Answers: a. short-term refugees. b. sojourners. c. mid-term refugees. d. long-term refugees
d
Recent research findings about nonverbal behaviors suggest that: Answers: a. meanings of nonverbal behaviors usually stay the same across different communication contexts. b. blind children use different facial expressions to reveal their emotions than seeing children. c. chimpanzees and humans have no similarities in their facial expressions. d. some basic emotions communicated through facial expressions are recognizable by most cultural groups.
d
Research investigating the universality of nonverbal communication has focused on which of the following? Answers: a. the relationship of human behavior to that of primates b. facial expressions c. universal functions of nonverbal social behavior d. All of these
d
The dialectic that explores power and power differentials in intercultural relationships is called Answers: a. Differences-Similarities Dialectic b. Cultural-Individual Dialectic c. Static-Dynamic Dialectic d. Privilege-Disadvantage Dialectic
d
The use of eye contact is Answers: a. consistent across cultures. b. not valued in the United States. c. always demonstrating respect. d. regulates interpersonal distance.
d
Transnationalism refers to Answers: a. the process of adapting to multiple cultural influences simultaneously. b. a lack of loyalty to any nation-state. c. the attitude that one's national culture has an interdependent relationship with other national cultures. d. the activity of migrating across the borders of one or more nation-states.
d
Which is an example of an interpretive statement? Answers: a. You said you wanted to go to the library. b. I am happy you have decided to come to our party. c. I saw you in Professor Brown's class at 3:30 this afternoon. d. I think you are getting behind in your classes.
d
Which model has traditionally been the most commonly used to describe cultural adaptation? Answers: a. anxiety/uncertainty management model b. transition model c. communication-system model d. U-curve model
d
Which of the following is NOT typically communicated by nonverbal behaviors? Answers: a. status b. relational messages c. deception d. content information
d
Which of the following is a potential "turning point" in a relationship? Answers: a. self-disclosure b. asking a friend to do a favor c. asking a friend to do an activity d. all of these could be turning points
d
Which of the following is the most important dimension of intercultural competence? Answers: a. knowledge b. attitudes c. skills d. motivation
d
Which of the following represents a group of domestic refugees? Answers: a. international students who have come to attend U.S. universities b. Vietnamese who relocated to Australia after the Vietnam conflict c. a family from Iran who come to the United States because they want their children to have Western educations d. German Jews who were sent to prison camps in Germany during World War II
d
Why is linguistic knowledge important to intercultural communication competence? Answers: a. Interactants have to understand what the other person is saying. b. Learning additional languages increases one's empathy for culturally different individuals. c. Learning a second language increases one's sensitivity to ethical dilemmas. d. A & B e. A & C
d
A sojourner is a long-term involuntary migrant. TF
false
Conscious competence occurs when the person is attitudinally and cognitively prepared but lets go and uses holistic cognitive processing.
false
Identities of gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, age, etc., remain relatively constant in all contexts.
false
Intercultural alliances are generally formed by oppressed cultural groups in order to take power away from dominant cultural groups.
false
One of the best preparations we can make for becoming competent intercultural communicators is to develop our abilities to think using narrow categories.
false
Only racial, ethnic and nationality differences make up intercultural relationships.
false
Reentry shock is usually less severe than culture shock because the sojourner knows what to expect his/her home culture to be like. TF
false
The best way to learn how to become a good intercultural communicator is to read as many books as possible about different cultural groups.
false
The two types of uncertainty experienced by migrants are predictive and unexplained. TF
false
Understanding and acknowledging one's privilege can only cause divisions between cultures.
false
A competitive framework suggests that for one person to gain something, the other person must lose something.
true
Anxiety experienced in intercultural relationships is greater than in other relationships.
true
Communication in intercultural relationships is both cultural and individual.
true
Countries generally restrict immigration during economic downturns. TF
true
Countries with an emphasis on heterogeneity may be more welcoming of people from different cultures. TF
true
In general, those in the majority group tend to know less about those in minority groups than vice versa.
true
In work relationships, race, ethnicity and class are all part of the hierarchy.
true
Line of sight refers to information about other people's identity based upon visible physical characteristics
true
Most people prefer either a "fight" or a "flight" approach when dealing with new situations. TF
true
Motivation is the most important dimension of communication competence because if someone is not motivated to communicate, skill level is not important.
true
Social contexts are often structured in ways that limit people from interacting with those who are very different from them.
true
The reason given most often for why people form intercultural dating relationships is that they are attracted to each other.
true
The social/political context affects individual immigration. TF
true
When the cultural divide is too huge, forgiveness can be an effective way to build intercultural reconciliation.
true