COMM First Exam
Describe a problem/cause/solution organization strategy
A method of organizing persuasive speeches in which the first main point deals with the existence of a problem, the second main point presents the cause of the problem, and the third main point presents a solution to the problem
Describe a spatial organization strategy
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern
Describe a chronological organization strategy
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
Describe a causal organization strategy
A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship
Describe maintenance needs in a small group
Communicative actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group
What is feedback?
Messages sent back and forth between the speaker and listener
always ______________ complicated stats
round-off
describe procedural needs in a small group
routine "housekeeping" actions necessary for efficient conduction of business
always identify the ___________ of your statistics
sources
global plagiarism
stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
patchwork plagiarism
stealing ideas or language from several sources and passing them off as one's own
define peer testimony
testimony from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic
Define expert testimony
testimony from people who are recognized experts in their fields
What is the channel?
the medium
describe task needs in a small group
Substantive actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task (ex. Analyzing the issues facing the group, distributing the workload among the members, collecting information, soliciting the views of other members)
Define self-actualization
the process by which people achieve their full potential
What are the 3 types of examples?
brief, extended, hypothetical
What 5 ways can the main points of speech be organized into?
causally, topically/categorically, chronologically, spatially, problem/cause/solution
What are some tips for a conclusion?
conciseness, consider the message you want left with audience, attention to possible conclusion material during research, and conclude with a bang
What are some tips for creating an intro?
conciseness, creativity, intense preparation, attention to possible intro material during research, and not talking too soon
incremental plagiarism
failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people
define physiological needs
food, shelter, sleep and anything else needed to survive
describe safety needs
free from physical pain, transportation, safety of employment, comfortable around others
Define Love & Belonging
friendship, family, sexual intimacy
What are the 3 types of plagiarism?
global, patchwork, incremental
Define prestige testimony
info from someone who is regarded highly but not an expert
What is the claim to fame of communication studies?
messages
Describe a topical/categorical organization strategy
method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
insert stats only when they are ___________
needed
Situational audience analysis
occurs when a speaker focuses on environmental factors that impact delivery (ex. temperament, attention, temperature, lighting, etc.)
democratic audience analysis
occurs when speaker identifies observable characteristics of their listeners (ex. race, age, gender, social class, etc.)
What are the 3 types of testimony?
peer, expert, and prestige
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs (from the bottom-up)
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization
What are the ethical guidelines for speaking?
1. Be fully prepared 2. No abusive language 3. have ethically sound goals 4. be honest
Describe the reflective thinking method process
1. Define the problem 2. analyze the problem 3. establish criteria for the solution 4. generate potential solutions 5. select the best solution
What are the pieces of the speech communication process?
1. Speaker/Encoder 2. Listener/ Decoder 3. Message 4. Channel 5. Interference/Noise 6. Feedback 7. Situation 8. Frame of Reference
Ways to deal with nervousness
1. acquire speaking experience 2. prepare 3. think positively 4. use visualization 5. know nervousness isn't visible 6. don't expect perfection
What are the guidelines for ethical lines for listeners?
1. be open minded and free of prejudice 2. be attentive 3. maintain the free and open expression of ideas
Give some examples of newspaper and periodical databases
EBSCO, Google Scholar, Academic Search Ultimate, James E Walker Library
What's is the difference between internal and external interference?
Internal is in the mind and external are physical disruptions
What are ethics?
Rules or principles which govern right conduct
Define leadership
The ability to direct and influence others to accomplish a task
What is strategical organization?
The ability to organize ideas clearly
What are supporting materials?
The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.
What are communication studies?
The study of how people use messages to inform, persuade, and manage others in a variety of different contexts.
Frame of reference
The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
What is a small group?
a collection of three to twelve people who assemble for a specific purpose
define implied leader
a group member that the other members defer to because of their rank, expertise, or other qualities
define emergent leader
a group member who emerges as leader during group deliberations
define designated leader
a person who is elected or appointed leader
What are newspaper and periodical databases?
a research aid that catalogues articles from a large number of magazines, journals, and newspapers
define brief example
a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point
define extended example
a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point
What are some examples of attention-getters?
a story, rhetorical question, a joke, a quote, visual aids,
define hypothetical example
an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation
Define sponsoring organization
an organization that, in the absence of a clearly identified author, is responsible for the content of a document on the internet
What factors make a source credible?
expertise, objectivity, recency
Define esteem needs
honor from others, feeling of accomplishment, self-worth, and confidence
What are the four main aspects of the intro to a speech?
hook, statement of topic, credibility, establishment, and preview
What are the types of leaders?
implied, emergent, and designated
Statistics need to be _____________ and ___________ to the listeners
interpreted and related
What is audience-centeredness?
keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
What are the four main aspects of the conclusion to a speech?
preparation of an ending, restatement of main ideas, call to action, and closure
What are the functions of leadership?
procedural needs, task needs, maintenance needs
What is goodwill?
the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind
What aspect of the conclusion is only permissible in persuasive speeches?
the call to action
Situation?
the time and place in which speech communication occurs