community exam 1

22) A hospital board has completed a 6-month trial of a new policy concerning cell phone usage in the facility, as well as ongoing evaluation by individual board members. Which stage of policy making is the board employing if it is now expanding the locations of areas where cell phones may be used? A) Modification B) Adoption C) Implementation D) Assessment

A) Modification

65) Over the course of a year, there were 67 cases of institution-associated pneumonia at a hospital. During that time, 4,876 clients were at risk for acquiring this infection, covering a total of 35,125 client days. Which is the client density in terms of number of cases per 1,000 client days at this hospital during this time? A) 1.9 B) 1.37 C) 13.74 D) 190

A) 1.9

19) The nurse is interested in taking on a role in the state's political decision-making process. Which political skills should the nurse prioritize to be effective in this role? (Select all that apply.) A) Ability to understand others' behaviors B) Social skills C) Diagnostic skills D) Ability to network E) Ability to lie convincingly

A) Ability to understand others' behaviors B) Social skills D) Ability to network

45) Healthy People 2020 is a guidepost for nurses and interdisciplinary teams in community and public health. Which new focal areas will the nurse discover has been added to the 2020 goals? (Select all that apply.) A) Adolescent health B) Diabetes C) Genomics D) Nutrition and weight status E) Social determinants of health

A) Adolescent health C) Genomics E) Social determinants of health

78) The nurse reviews the official document called the Scope and Standards of Home Health Nursing Practice. Which factors will the nurse anticipate being included in the standards of care? (Select all that apply.) A) Assessment by collecting data about home care clients B) Implementation of nurse-centered actions in collaboration with healthcare providers C) Diagnosis through the analysis of data D) Outcome identification that helps identify nurse-sensitive measures E) Planning nurse-sensitive interventions directed at the identified outcomes

A) Assessment by collecting data about home care clients C) Diagnosis through the analysis of data D) Outcome identification that helps identify nurse-sensitive measures E) Planning nurse-sensitive interventions directed at the identified outcomes

1) A nurse is interested in exploring initiatives related to health, poverty, and development in Africa. Which organization should this nurse consider prioritizing to accomplish this goal? A) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation B) Living Proof Project C) International Committee of the Red Cross D) Oxfam International

A) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

33) A team of nurses are developing an organization that will help provide healthcare in third world countries. Which risk factors for poor health should the nurses be prepared to deal with as they implement their program? (Select all that apply.) A) Burning of wood and dung for cooking and heat B) Low status of women C) Sedentary lifestyle D) Not wrapping an infant immediately after birth E) Overconsumption of fatty foods

A) Burning of wood and dung for cooking and heat B) Low status of women D) Not wrapping an infant immediately after birth

41) In a healthcare facility, a client is regarded as being healthy if he or she has no diagnosed diseases and is free of any symptoms. Which model of health is prioritized at this facility? A) Clinical model B) Role performance model C) Adaptive model D) Eudaimonistic model

A) Clinical model

26) A nurse desires to become more involved in the policy-making process. Which area of expertise would this nurse predict be the most beneficial in this process? (Select all that apply.) A) Clinical practice B) Administration C) Education D) Political science E) Research

A) Clinical practice B) Administration C) Education E) Research

30) A nursing student is reviewing the ethical principles as established by the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which principles should this nurse be able to point out are included in the Code of Ethics for Nurses? (Select all that apply.) A) Compassion and respect for the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual B) Primary commitment to the healthcare provider C) Promotion and advocacy to protect the client's health, safety, and rights D) Participation in establishing, maintaining, and improving healthcare environments and conditions E) Self-sufficiency and lack of dependence on other healthcare professionals in caring for the client

A) Compassion and respect for the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual B) Primary commitment to the healthcare provider D) Participation in establishing, maintaining, and improving healthcare environments and conditions

51) A 19-year-old client is diagnosed as HIV positive. Which behaviors might be indicators of noncompliance with her drug regimen and require further assessment? (Select all that apply.) A) Depression B) Indifference to self-advocacy in sexual relationships C) Goal-oriented attitude toward treatment plan D) Client's expression of concern for the health and well-being of her children E) Client's expression of concern regarding the ability to pay for her medications

A) Depression B) Indifference to self-advocacy in sexual relationships E) Client's expression of concern regarding the ability to pay for her medications

72) The nurse assesses a community undergoing change. Five years ago, a series of setbacks caused the local foundry to close. Through interviews, the nurse discovers that generations of families worked at the foundry. Research indicates that no other businesses have been able to provide work for those who no longer work at the foundry. Which actions will the nurse be able to complete after gathering this developmental data concerning the community's history? (Select all that apply.) A) Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed B) Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development C) Develop an understanding of the community's strengths and resources today D) Understand cultural changes within the community over time E) Identify where in the community health clinics are most needed

A) Determine what resources were available before the foundry closed B) Determine what variables may have enhanced or detracted from community development D) Understand cultural changes within the community over time

66) The nurse is maintaining a graph which depicts the distribution of influenza cases by the time of onset of influenza. Which factor is this nurse creating with this graph? A) Epidemic curve B) Epidemiologic descriptive study C) Incidence density D) Incidence rate

A) Epidemic curve

1) A public health nurse provides care to the community while following the various rules and regulations established by the federal government. Which areas will most likely be regulated by the federal government? (Select all that apply.) A) Food B) Medications C) School health D) Devices E) Environment

A) Food B) Medications D) Devices E) Environment

47) The nurse decided to use a learning model based on Skinner with a client with diabetes to improve compliance with dietary and blood glucose assessment requirements. Which would be the best way to implement this program? A) Give rewards for a lower blood sugar level and a food diary that reflects moderate dietary compliance. B) Eliminate the reward and punish the client when she fails to comply with dietary guidelines. C) Demonstrate positive reinforcement by decreasing dietary guidelines and blood sugar parameters. D) Institute a strict timeline to accomplish goals.

A) Give rewards for a lower blood sugar level and a food diary that reflects moderate dietary compliance.

43) The nurse works to identify epidemiologic transitions in the community. Which example would the nurse interpret as a demographic transition? A) High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth B) Progressive declines in mortality, as epidemics become less frequent C) High and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine D) Further declines in mortality, increasing life expectancy, and predominance of noncommunicable diseases

A) High fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth

53) A couple of nursing students are creating a poster depicting the history of epidemiology. Which individual should the students point out is created for being the first epidemiologist? A) Hippocrates of Cos B) Aretaeus the Cappadocian C) Claudius Galen D) Susruta

A) Hippocrates of Cos

77) The nurse is assisting a client to apply for home healthcare. Which criteria must an individual meet to receive Medicare for home health services? (Select all that apply.) A) Home bound B) Specific plan of care C) Skilled healthcare needs D) Intermittent care needs E) Continuous 24-hour necessity for care

A) Home bound B) Specific plan of care C) Skilled healthcare needs D) Intermittent care needs

1) A nurse is caring for an older client who is struggling to manage her type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which social determinant would the nurse predict are most likely influencing this client's choices? (Select all that apply.) A) Household income of $23,000 per year B) Reading level of a third grader C) Medication ineffective due to error in prescription D) Originally from Sudan E) No family in the area

A) Household income of $23,000 per year B) Reading level of a third grader D) Originally from Sudan E) No family in the area

25) A client receives Medicare, has limited income, and lives in a large city. Which factors are likely to limit the client's ability to access healthcare? (Select all that apply.) A) Inability to afford supplemental insurance B) Living in an urban environment C) High out-of-pocket expenses D) Pre-existing conditions E) Lack of in-network providers in her or his region

A) Inability to afford supplemental insurance C) High out-of-pocket expenses

13) The nurse is preparing a poster for a health fair illustrating the various categories in which health disparities are noted. Which areas should the nurse prioritize on this poster? (Select all that apply.) A) Infant mortality B) Cancer screening C) Cardiovascular disease D) Diabetes E) End-stage renal disease

A) Infant mortality B) Cancer screening C) Cardiovascular disease D) Diabetes

52) Secondary HIV prevention or positive prevention is used when caring for African American women living with HIV. Which behavioral risk should the healthcare team prioritize to accomplish this goal? (Select all that apply.) A) Interpersonal mistrust B) Alcoholism C) Poor adherence to treatment D) Smoking E) Compromised self-advocacy in sexual relationships

A) Interpersonal mistrust C) Poor adherence to treatment E) Compromised self-advocacy in sexual relationships

37) A public health nurse is preparing a report exploring the various health factors of the local community. Which factor will the nurse prioritize as determinants of health? (Select all that apply.) A) Living in a community with clean, fluoridated water B) Having a death rate of 500 per 100,000 population C) Living in neighborhood with a high crime rate D) Smoking two packs of cigarettes per day E) Having an infant mortality rate of 95 deaths per 1,000 live births

A) Living in a community with clean, fluoridated water C) Living in neighborhood with a high crime rate D) Smoking two packs of cigarettes per day

58) The nurse is in charge of the flu vaccination program in the community. Which actions should the nurse employ when planning and evaluating this program? Select all that apply. A) Measure epidemiologic statistics before and after administering the flu shots B) Plan and evaluate influenza vaccinations regularly C) Interview clients regarding their perception of the effectiveness of the vaccinations and use these data in planning future vaccinations D) As new data regarding influenza vaccinations become available, modify the intervention accordingly E) Evaluate the success of your program by comparing its results with those in other communities

A) Measure epidemiologic statistics before and after administering the flu shots B) Plan and evaluate influenza vaccinations regularly D) As new data regarding influenza vaccinations become available, modify the intervention accordingly

12) The client is a single mother of two who earns minimum wage at a part-time job and never graduated from high school. Which healthcare-related outcomes is the client at increased risk for, based on her circumstances? (Select all that apply.) A) Morbidity B) Mortality C) Genetic disorder D) Difficulty accessing care E) Negative outcomes when receiving care

A) Morbidity B) Mortality D) Difficulty accessing care E) Negative outcomes when receiving care

46) The nurse works in a facility that provides hospice care for clients with cancer diagnoses. The nurse recognizes that the care provided in this facility is tertiary in nature. When developing the care plan for these individuals, which functions should the nurse prioritize? (Select all that apply.) A) Palliative care B) Pain control C) Isolation D) Supportive spiritual development E) Diminished involvement of significant others

A) Palliative care B) Pain control D) Supportive spiritual development

74) The case manager works with a client who has type 2 diabetes and heart disease. In this role, which actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take in assisting the client to manage diseases? (Select all that apply.) A) Provide weekly coaching sessions by telephone for blood glucose management B) Supervise cardiac stress tests in the exercise room of the local hospital C) Administer emergency insulin when the client arrives at the hospital in a diabetic coma D) Demonstrate use of a glucose meter to the client E) Review heart-healthy and diabetic-friendly food options with the client and his family.

A) Provide weekly coaching sessions by telephone for blood glucose management D) Demonstrate use of a glucose meter to the client E) Review heart-healthy and diabetic-friendly food options with the client and his family.

44) The nurse is migrating from a developing nation to a developed nation. Which action of the nurse will result in the most benefit for the nurse's home country? (Select all that apply.) A) Returns to the home country with advanced practice skills B) Returns to the home country and teach others what was learned C) Shares with the new coworkers nursing practices unique to the nurse's home country D) Earn more money in the position in the new country E) Is safer from exposure to HIV in the new country

A) Returns to the home country with advanced practice skills B) Returns to the home country and teach others what was learned

1) Personal responsibility for health involves active participation in one's own health through education and lifestyle changes. Which exemplify personal responsibility? (Select all that apply.) A) Reviewing one's own medical records B) Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-the-counter medications C) Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use D) Showing up for scheduled tests and procedures E) Eating the types of foods one most enjoys

A) Reviewing one's own medical records B) Monitoring the positive and negative effects of prescription and over-the-counter medications C) Avoiding tobacco and recreational drug use D) Showing up for scheduled tests and procedures

80) A nurse graduate is seeking a position of a faith community nurse. Which interventions will this nurse most likely be performing in this position? (Select all that apply.) A) Teaching a class to faith community members on managing high blood pressure B) Providing counsel on preventing upper respiratory illness to member C) Referring a faith community member to a nutritionist for dietary counsel D) Assisting an obstetrician in the birth of a faith community member's child E) Administering vaccinations at a local health clinic

A) Teaching a class to faith community members on managing high blood pressure B) Providing counsel on preventing upper respiratory illness to member C) Referring a faith community member to a nutritionist for dietary counsel

27) A team of nurses are seeking the opportunity to assist with policy making. Which activities should these nurses prioritize to accomplish this goal? (Select all that apply.) A) Testify at congressional hearings B) Disseminate information on health issues in the media C) Serve as members of governing boards D) Document client symptoms following a physical examination E) Review articles in recent nursing journals

A) Testify at congressional hearings B) Disseminate information on health issues in the media C) Serve as members of governing boards

57) The nurse has been requested to investigate the outbreak of H1N1 in the community. In documenting the outbreak, which should the nurse prioritize in its description? Select all that apply. A) The names of all people who have been infected by the virus B) The geographical area within which the outbreak has occurred C) A brief history of all of the other viral outbreaks that have occurred in the community in recent years D) The time of onset and duration of the outbreak E) The anticipated economic impact of the outbreak on the community

A) The names of all people who have been infected by the virus B) The geographical area within which the outbreak has occurred D) The time of onset and duration of the outbreak

48) The nurse decides to use the health belief model for a wellness walking program for older adults. The walk is to begin each day at 8 PM. Each day a different participant is to start a chain of phone calls to other participants to remind all to attend. The nurse informs the clients in the clinic that walking will improve their overall health and well-being. Two older adults show up the first night and none the second. Which information should the nurse gather to explain the failure of the program? (Select all that apply.) A) The severity of the physical challenge related to the client population B) What stands in the way of taking action toward the goal of health promotion C) The presence or absence of cues needed for the program to achieve success D) The presence or absence of a strong team leader among the participants E) The need to increase persuasion when implementing the program

A) The severity of the physical challenge related to the client population B) What stands in the way of taking action toward the goal of health promotion C) The presence or absence of cues needed for the program to achieve success

35) A nurse has recently begun providing care to a community in a low-income country. Which factors will this nurse discover most likely contributes to a rise in noncommunicable diseases? (Select all that apply.) A) Tobacco use B) Insufficient physical activity C) Unclean water D) Cardiovascular disease E) Lack of contraceptive use

A) Tobacco use B) Insufficient physical activity D) Cardiovascular disease

28) The public health nurses at the local community health clinic have contacted the Community Transformation Grant program for possible assistance. Which program are these nurses' most likely be trying to establish? (Select all that apply.) A) Tobacco-free living B) Physical activity C) Autism awareness D) Healthy eating E) Managing attention deficit disorder

A) Tobacco-free living B) Physical activity D) Healthy eating

67) At an international nurses' conference, nurses from all around the world make contact. Which components of the various communities will most likely be represented at this conference? (Select all that apply.) A) Vary significantly in composition B) Have no shared interests and goals related to health and safety C) Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members D) Thought of as members of a global community E) Do not need to assess their communities' needs because they are obvious

A) Vary significantly in composition C) Are challenged in their attempts to identify its members D) Thought of as members of a global community

54) A nursing student is creating a poster which will depict the various contributors to epidemiology. Which individual should the student point out is credited for the founding of modern statistics? A) William Farr B) John Graunt C) Florence Nightingale D) John Snow

A) William Farr

42) A client reluctantly came to the clinic only after his daughter insisted that he do so. The nurse finds that he has type 2 diabetes. When the nurse explains that he has a serious condition, the client brushes it off and says, "I can still work and provide for my family. I'm not sick." Which model of health has this client adopted? A) Clinical model B) Role performance model C) Adaptive model D) Eudaimonistic model

B) Role performance model

20) The nurse meets with a group of fellow nurses. They discuss the number of children who have died in hot cars and how likely they are to gain support from their state legislators to address the problem. Which step of the policy-making process are these nurses prioritizing at this time? A) Formulation B) Adoption C) Setting an agenda D) Assessment

C) Setting an agenda

1) In the United States, the state and federal government are actively involved in assisting with healthcare. Which actions are considered core functions of the government which address the health of its citizens? (Select all that apply.) A) Providing healthcare directly to its citizens B) Assessing healthcare problems C) Developing healthcare policy that provides access to services D) Building state-of-the-art hospitals E) Ensuring delivery of healthcare services and achievement of desired outcomes

B) Assessing healthcare problems C) Developing healthcare policy that provides access to services E) Ensuring delivery of healthcare services and achievement of desired outcomes

62) A nursing student is examining an epidemiologic report for a class project. Which explanation should the student conclude will best define sensitivity? A) The ratio of the incidence rate in the exposed group to the incidence rate in the nonexposed group B) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present C) Variations measured in hours, days, weeks, or months and commonly used to quantify outbreaks of infectious disease D) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who do not have a health problem or the probability of testing negative if the health problem is truly absent

B) Ability of a test to correctly identify people who have a health problem or the probability of testing positive if the health problem is truly present

64) Over the course of a year, there were 42 cases of institution-associated pneumonia at a hospital. During that time, 3,102 clients were at risk for acquiring this infection, with 20,411 client days. Which is the crude incidence rate of institution-associated pneumonia at this hospital? A) 0.21% B) 1.35% C) 1.52% D) 15.20%

B) 1.35%

32) The nrse is preparing a presentation about the World Health Organization's World Health Statistics Report for 2016. Which trend should the nurse point out is currently relevant? A) 4.2 million children die before reaching the age of 5 years B) 303,000 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth C) 1.7 million people need treatment for neglected tropical disease D) 1.25 million people die from train accident injuries

B) 303,000 women die due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth

21) The hospital board is in the process of developing a policy regarding the use of cell phones within the hospital. At the current meeting, the board has decided to limit the use of cell phones within certain waiting areas. Which stage of policy making does this action represent? A) Formulation B) Adoption C) Implementation D) Assessment

B) Adoption

73) Following a hurricane, the disaster team chooses to use a collaborative model to assess the needs of the community. Each team member is given a community analysis and assigned the task to create a tentative plan of action. Why would the use of a collaborative model hamper the progress of the assessment and plan in a disaster? (Select all that apply.) A) Individual decision-making creates bias B) Assessment is time-consuming C) Approach to problem solving is linear D) Approaches must be pre-established E) Collaboration is limited

B) Assessment is time-consuming D) Approaches must be pre-established

61) The nurse wishes to determine how many people in the city die from myocardial infarctions each year per 100,000 population. Which type of rate will the nurse establish in this process? A) Age-specific mortality rate B) Cause-specific mortality rate C) Case fatality rate D) Crude mortality rate

B) Cause-specific mortality rate

50) A 27-year-old client comes from a background of physical and sexual abuse. Violence victimization continued with partners until recently. The client is currently in a support group for victims of abuse. Which factors is this client most at risk of experiencing based on social background? (Select all that apply.) A) Increased safe sex behaviors B) Decreased safe sex behaviors C) Decreased risk for HIV/AIDS D) Increased risk for HIV/AIDS E) Increased risk of depression

B) Decreased safe sex behaviors D) Increased risk for HIV/AIDS E) Increased risk of depression

34) The nurse is assigned to prepare the yearly goals for the community health agency in a developing nation. Which goals, on the basis of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals should the nurse incorporate? (Select all that apply.) A) Initiate an afterschool sports program at every school in the nation to increase physical activity among children. B) Distribute a mosquito bed net to every home in the nation. C) Provide one million free allergy shots to people at highest risk. D) Increase the number of girls who attend primary schools by 100%. E) Provide training on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage to all healthcare workers.

B) Distribute a mosquito bed net to every home in the nation. D) Increase the number of girls who attend primary schools by 100%. E) Provide training on prevention of postpartum hemorrhage to all healthcare workers.

1) The nursing instructor has completed a session comparing the healthcare systems of various countries to the United States. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which fact concerning the payment system of the Netherlands? A) Universal long-term payment system B) Dual-level payment system C) Private health insurance linked to employment D) Free health insurance paid by the government

B) Dual-level payment system

79) The clinic is preparing a program which will provide telehealth to the clinics. What services will most likely be available after telehealth is implemented? (Select all that apply.) A) Chronic care B) Home telenursing C) Electronic referrals to specialists in expert health facilities D) Transmission of healthcare information to people in the same geographical area E) Specialty consultations

B) Home telenursing C) Electronic referrals to specialists in expert health facilities

63) The nurse wishes to calculate the probability of persons in the county developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease over the course of a year. Which measure will be best for the nurse to utilize? A) Incidence density B) Incidence rate C) Relative risk ratio D) Specific rate

B) Incidence rate

1) A nurse works at a large university medical center but spends most of the time providing care for individuals via monitoring devices. How should the nurse explain the increased use of home monitoring devices when questioned by family members? (Select all that apply.) A) Rising number of people with acute conditions B) Increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations C) Advances in technology to assess clients' conditions in their home D) Performing assessments in real time using internet video systems E) Decline in the number of older adults

B) Increased need to deliver healthcare to medically underserved populations C) Advances in technology to assess clients' conditions in their home D) Performing assessments in real time using internet video systems

81) The community health nurse can receive a referral to a home health agency at any time. Which phases will this nurse most likely utilize in this process? (Select all that apply.) A) Plan personal safety of visit B) Initiating a visit C) Preparation D) Actual visit E) Termination of the visit

B) Initiating a visit C) Preparation D) Actual visit E) Termination of the visit

23) The nurse applies a cost-benefit analysis to the healthcare model. Which costs should the nurse point out are primary concerns of the client? (Select all that apply.) A) Total payment for the service B) Out-of-pocket payment C) Suffering and pain D) Actual and direct cost of providing a service E) Psychological costs

B) Out-of-pocket payment C) Suffering and pain E) Psychological costs

17) The nurse is passionate about research for a cure for pediatric leukemia and has written the state representatives in Congress to urge them to expand federal funding for this research. Which area of involvement is this nurse prioritizing with this action? A) Policy B) Politics C) Public health D) Equity

B) Politics

1) A public health nurse is preparing a poster to share at Career Day at the local high school to encourage students to consider entering the public health field. Which 20th century achievements should this nurse point out as significant on this poster? (Select all that apply.) A) Elimination of common infectious diseases B) Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard C) Fluoridation of drinking water D) Healthier mothers and babies E) Decline in the percentage of obese and overweight people

B) Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard C) Fluoridation of drinking water D) Healthier mothers and babies

31) A group of nursing students are examining the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010. Which goals should the students be able to point out were the main focus of this legislation? (Select all that apply.) A) Shifting the focus of the healthcare delivery system from prevention to treatment B) Reducing the costs and improving the efficiency of healthcare C) Allowing insurers to deny healthcare coverage on the basis of pre-existing conditions D) Expanding health insurance coverage E) Expanding healthcare access to children

B) Reducing the costs and improving the efficiency of healthcare D) Expanding health insurance coverage E) Expanding healthcare access to children

18) The nursing instructor is preparing a session which will delve into the relationship of healthcare and politics. Which factors should the instructor point out in this session? (Select all that apply.) A) Politics has a limited effect on healthcare B) The government should be interested in health matters when a problem affects a specific group or a whole population C) Politics has only negative effects on healthcare D) Republicans and Democrats generally agree on healthcare policies E) Political solutions can be achieved at both the federal and state levels

B) The government should be interested in health matters when a problem affects a specific group or a whole population E) Political solutions can be achieved at both the federal and state levels

68) The nurse conducts a community assessment. The community is large and the members range from affluent executives to poor migrant workers. Which approach will provide the most accurate assessment for this nurse? A) Use a questionnaire written on a fifth-grade reading level B) Use multiple methods or perspectives C) Interview a subpopulation of each group represented D) Analyze census data

B) Use multiple methods or perspectives

1) A high school graduate is interested in pursuing public health nursing after shadowing the local public health nurse in the community. Which principles will this student be introduced to in preparing for this career path? (Select all that apply.) A) Assessing the clients based on intuition B) Using competent organizational skills C) Actively reaching out to all who will benefit the most from a specific service D) Developing cultural competence skills E) Developing appropriate marketing skills

C) Actively reaching out to all who will benefit the most from a specific service D) Developing cultural competence skills

38) The nurse is trying to analyze the various factors within the community. Which risk factor should the nurse point out that is associated with overall health? A) Allergy B) Traumatic injury C) Air pollution D) Down syndrome

C) Air pollution

14) The nurse is caring for a tourist from Germany who needs emergency healthcare. Which factor might this client find challenging when comparing the healthcare at home with the healthcare in the United States? A) Health insurance payments based on risk, not income B) Ambulatory care provided by centralized nonprofit hospitals C) An average hospital stay of 9 days D) Nurse practitioners operating independently

C) An average hospital stay of 9 days

59) The nurse is measuring the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being investigated in the entire population. Which rate is this nurse developing with this action? A) Adjusted B) Attack C) Crude D) Incidence

C) Crude

75) A student is considering becoming a home health nurse. In researching this type of nursing, the student finds that several key factors have played a part in the development of home healthcare as it is today. Which key factors has this student most likely discovered? (Select all that apply.) A) Increase in the number of hospitals nationwide B) Reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases C) Development of health insurance D) Rising costs in healthcare E) Increase in medical and nursing specialization

C) Development of health insurance D) Rising costs in healthcare E) Increase in medical and nursing specialization

39) The nurse recently learned that more than 100 infants and children in the community have received vaccinations at the health clinic in the past month. These data are an example of which health indicator? A) Morbidity and mortality B) Risk factors C) Health service coverage D) Health system resources

C) Health service coverage

16) A hurricane recently struck a nurse's hometown, and the nurse on behalf of the hospital is coordinating local relief efforts with nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Which organization should this nurse most expect to work with in this situation? A) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation B) Living Proof Project C) International Committee of the Red Cross D) Oxfam International

C) International Committee of the Red Cross

1) A team of nursing students are to present an oral report that will outline the various accomplishments of individuals throughout the history of nursing. Which individual pointed out that much of the ill health and disability in American cities in 1850 could be traced to unsanitary conditions? A) Clara Barton B) Dorothea Dix C) Lemuel Shattuck D) Lillian Wald Page: 17

C) Lemuel Shattuck

56) A nursing student is preparing an oral report to be presented to a class portraying the various facts of the natural history of disease. In which order should the student present the three stages in this presentation? A) Pathologic onset, manifestation of clinical disease, presymptomatic B) Presymptomatic, pathologic onset, manifestation of clinical disease C) Pathologic onset, presymptomatic, manifestation of clinical disease D) Manifestation of clinical disease, presymptomatic, pathologic onset

C) Pathologic onset, presymptomatic, manifestation of clinical disease

1) A group of student nurses are preparing a poster that will depict the responsibilities of nurses in the late 1800s. Which duties should the students include in the section illustrating some of the duties of nurses in England? A) Use epidemiologic knowledge and methods B) Encourage community organization C) Report facts to and ask questions of physicians D) Assist physicians with surgery in the newly constructed hospitals Page: 16

C) Report facts to and ask questions of physicians

76) The nurse is researching the latest provisions governing home healthcare. Who should the nurse check with to discover if any new regulations have been passed to regulate the provisions of home healthcare? (Select all that apply.) A) Insurance companies B) Local government C) State government D) Federal government E) Veterans Administration

C) State government D) Federal government

70) The community health nurse learns that there are statistically high levels of obesity and elevated cholesterol in the community. In addition, the community has a disproportionately high number of fast food restaurants, compared with surrounding communities. Which would be the most appropriate next step, based on these data? A) Gather support in the community to ban fast foods B) Gather further information regarding trans fats C) Target education and support programs D) Create local exercise programs

C) Target education and support programs

69) The new community health nurse introduces herself to the local minister and attends various neighborhood meetings. The nurse learns about the ethics, values, and culture of the neighborhood. The community is vocal about the need for public safety and the care of the homeless, especially in the winter. Which is the best rationale for considering all of the influences in the neighborhood affecting their health and well-being? A) The information can be used to obtain funds to create shelters for the homeless B) A neighborhood watch may be created with police support C) The information will help to effectively assess the community D) It will help the nurse create a controlled clinical environment

C) The information will help to effectively assess the community

24) A client visits the office of an independent nurse practitioner to have routine blood work done. The client returns 1 week later for a follow-up visit to discuss the results and formulate a new treatment plan. On the basis of the client's insurance plan, the client is only obligated to pay $15 copay for this service. The total payment that the client's insurance company provides the practitioner is $180, which covers the $80 fee for a 15-minute visit and the $100 cost of laboratory services. On the basis of the nurse's current client load, $40 of the $80 fee for the visit covers overhead and the remaining $40 is profit. In terms of cost-benefit analysis, which is the actual financial cost to the nurse for providing this service? A) $100 B) $15 C) $180 D) $140

D) $140

36) The parish community health nurse is assigned to prepare the goals for a 6-month mission trip to a developing nation. Which challenge to the Sustainable Development Goals should the nurse prioritize? A) Child mortality has increased 21% since 1990 B) The percentage of people living on less than $0.25 a day rose from 22% in 1990 to 47% in 2010 C) The number of children out of school worldwide increased from 57 million to 102 million D) 793 million people still do not consume enough food to meet their nutritional energy requirements

D) 793 million people still do not consume enough food to meet their nutritional energy requirements

1) A public health nurse is seeking funds to help provide an "office on wheels" to take to various locations in the local rural communities. Which factor is the nurse prioritizing by seeking a philanthropic organization for the needed funds? A) Agency that is based in only one country but provides services to many other countries B) Agency that acquires resources to help others from private rather than public sources C) A group that collects data related to healthcare use across a variety of professional and service parameters D) An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

D) An organization that uses endowed funds or private fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populations

40) A community health nurse visits a village in Chad. The nurse has just finished assessing a 10-year-old girl who reports always being hungry. She lives in a home with her mother and father, who both work. She says she's never been to a healthcare provider before. Which level of poverty should the nurse most suspect in this girl and her family? A) Middle B) Moderate C) Relative D) Extreme

D) Extreme

71) The community nurse has been involved with the local community for several years. Which type of assessment is this nurse utilizing as she keeps data which outlines the basic behaviors of the entire community during this time period? A) Asset-based assessment B) Epidemiologic model C) Collaborative model D) Functional health pattern

D) Functional health pattern

29) The nurse is working through an ethical dilemma using a decision-making process developed by the Ohio Nurses Association. Which step should the nurse prioritize after determining an ethical dilemma exists? A) Clarify personal values and moral position B) Determine options on the basis of consideration of benefits and risks C) Make a responsible decision about actions or recommendations D) Gather and analyze relevant information

D) Gather and analyze relevant information

55) The community health nurse addresses an outbreak of viral spinal meningitis in the community. Referring to Leavell and Clark's natural history of disease model, which example of tertiary prevention might the nurse consider in this situation? A) Initiate vaccinations for all people who have not yet been infected. B) Familiarize yourself with the signs and symptoms of the disease so that you can provide early diagnosis and treatment of it. C) Encourage any who think they might have symptoms of the disease to come to the community health clinic to be assessed as soon as possible, to prevent associated disabilities. D) Refer clients who have experienced neurologic deficits because of the disease to a neurologist to begin rehabilitation.

D) Refer clients who have experienced neurologic deficits because of the disease to a neurologist to begin rehabilitation.

49) A 47-year-old client and three members of his neighborhood have had their homes robbed and belongings scattered. The client contacts the police and, with their assistance, develops a neighborhood watch. The watch is organized, and 24 families have been recruited to participate. The watch will be active throughout vacation months and as needed. Which model will this organization be most utilizing in this process? A) Transtheoretical model B) Theory of reasoned action C) Social learning D) Relapse prevention model

D) Relapse prevention model

60) The nurse wishes to compare the number of persons aged 40 to 49 years who die each year with the mid-year population of persons in this age range, per 100,000 population. Which type of rate is the nurse attempting to calculate? A) Adjusted B) Incidence C) Prevalence D) Specific

D) Specific