Community Exam 1

assurance

refers to ensuring that services are provided to achieve agreed upon goals to improve health and well-being.

Assessment

refers to the systematic collection, analysis and monitoring of health problems and needs with a population focus.

policy development

refers to using scientific knowledge to develop comprehensive public health policies.

mass screening

screening on a large scale of total population groups regardless of risk status

Periodic screening

specific groups at regular intervals. ex, vitamin deficiency, cancer, childhood milestones

what are levels focused on the PNH

systems focused individual focused community focused

which is an example of primary prevention of injury

teaching a client about wearing proper equipment before sports

population based care

that allows one to assess the health status and health needs of a target population, implement and evaluate interventions that are designed to improve the health of that population, and efficiently and effectively provide care for members of that population

collaboration

the act of working together which increases communication thus benefits patient health

Case manager

the nurse establishes an appropriate plan of care on the basis of assessment findings and coordinates needed resources and services for the client's well-being along a continuum of care.

Educator

the nurse teaches clients and their families to assume responsibility for their own health care

Lewin's Model of Change

unfreezing, changing, refreezing

Mary Seacole

was a British-Jamaican business woman and nurse who set up the "British Hotel" behind the lines during the Crimean War

Change agent

within a family system or as a mediator for problems within a client's community; this involves identifying and implementing new and more effective approaches to problem

public health nursing

•Focus expanded to health and welfare of the general public •First to use the term "Public Health Nursing" •Teachers College •National Organization for Public Health Nursing •Henry Street Settlement

community health nursing

•Public health nursing (epidemiology) •Community-based clinics •Work sites •Schools collaboration

district home nursing

•The aim of the district nurse is to give first-rate nursing to the sick poor at home. •Visiting nursing (district nursing) •Care of individuals •Religious to private philanthropy •Health visitors as backbone of primary health care system

early home care

•The focus of this care was to reduce suffering and promote healing. •Religious and charitable groups •Elizabethan Poor Law •St. Vincent de Paul •Home deliveries •Industrial revolution •Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole

When did public health nursing begin

1900s

HP2020 goals

-Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death -Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups -Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all -Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages

community organizing

-Identifies common problems/goals; -Mobilizes resources -Develops and implements strategies for reaching the goals they have collectively set

aggregate

-Mass or grouping of individuals considered as a whole -Loosely associated with one another

tertiary prevention

-aims to prevent the long-term consequences of a chronic illness or disability and to support optimal functioning -examples: prevention of pressure ulcers as complication of a spinal cord injury; promoting independence for the client who has traumatic brain injury

secondary prevention

-focuses on early identification of individuals or communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status -examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail

when did community health begin

1970s

define community health

•identification of needs and the protection and improvement of collective health within a geographically defined area"

3 core functions of public health

1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. Assurance

A nursing student is examining the health services pyramid. Keeping in mind that care services begin at the bottom of this pyramid, in which order should care services be arranged?

1.Population-based health care services 2.Clinical preventive services 3.Primary health care 4.Secondary health care 5.Tertiary health care

Dorothea Dix

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820's, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

How does the World Health Organization (WHO) define "health"?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Social determinants

Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe housing and local food markets) Access to educational, economic, and job opportunities Access to health care services Quality of education and job training Availability of community-based resources in support of community living and opportunities for recreational and leisure-time activities Transportation options Public safety Social support

Which activity by the community nurse can be considered an illness prevention strategy?

Arranging an immunization program for chicken pox

Which nursing activities are examples of primary prevention? Select all that apply.

Assisting with immunization programs Facilitating a program about dangers of smoking

health teaching

Communicates facts, ideas, and skills that change knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, behaviors, and practices of individuals, families, systems, and/or communities.

A registered nurse is educating a nursing student about community health nursing. Which point made by the student nurse needs correction

Community health nursing does not provide direct or indirect care services to subpopulations in a community.

Which role does a nurse play when helping clients to identify and clarify health problems and to choose appropriate courses of action to solve those problems?

Counselor

Social determinants goal

Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all

delegated functions

Direct care tasks a registered professional nurse carries out under the authority of a health care practitioner as allowed by law. Delegated functions also include any direct care tasks a registered professional nurse entrusts to other appropriate personnel to perform

downstream

Downstream interventions and strategies focus on providing equitable access to care and services to mitigate the negative impacts of disadvantage on health. (INTERVENTIONS)

primary prevention

Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.

Health promotion efforts for a chronically ill client should include interventions related to primary prevention. What should this include?

Encouraging daily physical exercise

Florence Nightingale

Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of nursing. (ENVIRONMENT)

True or False: Populations and communities are terms that can be used interchangeably.

F

A nurse is recalling the various levels of preventive care to promote health, wellness, and to prevent illness. Which scenario is a perfect example of primary prevention?

Infant receiving vaccination in hospital

policy development and enforcement

Places health issues on decision-makers' agendas, acquires a plan of resolution. Ex, proposing a bill that all children must be vaccinated, go VOTE

the community nurse is education nursing home residents on ways to prevent falls what prevention is this

Primary

A nursing student is recalling information about the primary level of prevention. Which statement accurately describes primary prevention

Primary prevention is applied to clients who are physically and emotionally healthy.

How is public health nursing different from community health nursing?

Public health nursing focuses on population.

the community health nurse has developed an early detection process that includes lung screening, what sort of prevention is this?

Secondary

steps for assessing community

Step 1: Identify and engage stakeholders. ... Step 2: Define the community. ... Step 3: Collect and analyze data. ... Step 4: Select priority community health issues. ... Step 5: Document and communicate. ... Step 6: Plan improvement strategies. ... Step 7: Implement improvement plans. ... Step 8: Evaluate progress.

Disease and health event investigation

Systematically gathers and analyzes data regarding threats to the health of populations, ascertains the source of the threat, identifies cases and others at risk, and determines control measures.

Which activity would reflect a community health nurse working at the primary prevention level?

Teaching safe sex to teenagers

which level of prevention focuses on minimizing disability and restoring function

Tertiary

Lillian Wald

The early origins of nursing in the community began in the early 1900s in the form of public health nursing Henry Street Settlement, public health nurses focused on public needs, the nursing focus was on families, and the services provided were primarily curative or preventative. PH nurses during this period were employed by government agencies and volunteer programs.

What is the main focus of community health nursing?

To improve the quality of health in a population

upstream

Upstream thinking considers the social, economic, and environmental origins of health problems that manifest at the population level. ... A proposed framework for nurses to reduce environmental health risks includes distributive and strategic actions (PREVENTION)

which is the best description of an aggregate

a group of individuals who are loosely connected to each other

what characteristics define a community

a group that shares common interest interaction amongst people encompasses a sense of belonging

Mary Breckinridge

a nurse who practiced midwivery in England, Australia, and New Zealand, founded the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky in 1925 to provide family-centered primary health care to rural populations reduced mortality rates

Advocacy

act in best interest of community, assist and empowerment

define public health

activities that society undertakes to assure the conditions in which people can be healthy

when would primary prevention be most effective

before disease occurs

surveillance

collect and describe data and outbreaks that happen in the community. analyze and interpret data

assurance example

covers those activities that deal with making sure people's health needs are safely and effectively met. For example, government's role in regulating, through licensure and inspection, falls under this heading. Programs that provide education to both health care providers and the community are part of assurance as well. Finally, assurance includes providing medical, dental, and psychological services directly to the public.

outreach

helps locates people in outbreak/crisis. gives community information about the event

Assessment examples

determining if a community has enough doctors, nurses and dentists; recording the number of births and deaths; tracking health trends; conducting laboratory analyses; and evaluating the effectiveness of programs. Assessment programs primarily serve as the mechanism to determine if the total health system is working as well as it should

Which are examples of tertiary prevention

developing a post-mastectomy exercise program to reserve function encouraging a client with hypertension to join a weight loss program

when did early home care begin

early 1800s

case management

empower individuals with health strategies ex, self care tips, cost managements, use of resources

coalition building

enable local leaders to promote health awareness solve problems together

Health promotion efforts within the healthcare system should include efforts related to secondary prevention. Which activities reflect secondary prevention interventions in relation to health promotion? Select all that apply.

encouraging regular dental checkups Teaching the procedure for breast self-examination

Planned Change Process

engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination

counseling

engaging communities on an emotional level, to build trust , help cope with health issues

Referral and follow-up

find resources to prevent or resolve health risks

Targeted Screening

groups with specific exposures

Commercial marketing

help assist in getting important messages out

primary source

include historical and legal documents, eyewitness accounts, results of experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing, audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects

secondary source

is a summary or description of a research study written by someone other than the study investigator(s). ... Secondary Sources include: reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analysis

consultation

not by yourself, reach out for others

define public health nursing

nursing that is community based and, most importantly, it is population focused

policy development example

pertains to the setting of goals for health services, developing performance standards, determining priorities for the allocation of resources, and planning for systems to meet identified health needs. Setting immunization standards for children is an example of public policy development.

The nurse at a community healthcare center focuses on providing primary preventive care. What is the focus of primary preventive care?

promoting health in healthy individuals