comparing religions
In his definition of religion, the French sociologist Emile Durkheim highlights:
"beliefs and practices," related to sacred things, that unite people into a community
Buddhists refer to Impermanence, No-Self, and Suffering as the
Three Marks of Existence
A statement that is foundational to the field of religious studies is:
To know one just one religion is to know none
"Church" can refer to both an individual congregation and the entire body of Christians worldwide. T/F?
True
According to the Letters of Paul, the early Christians believed that Jesus was raised from the dead because he appeared after his death to the disciples and others. T/F?
True
An important part of Buddhist teaching is that there is no enduring soul or self. T/f
True
Biblical scholars think that the book found in the temple during the reign of Josiah was an early version of Book of Deuteronomy. T/F?
True
Brahmins, with their ritual knowledge, gave legitimacy to kings who might come to power. T/F?
True
Christians, who affirm the Nicene Creed, believe that Jesus Christ was both fully human and fully divine. T/F?
True
Cosmologies typically describe the nature and origin of reality as a people, culture, or tradition understands it. T/F?
True
Jews commonly refer to their Scriptures as "TaNaKh" T/F?
True
Krishna is the featured deity in the Bhagavad Gita. T/f?
True
Many cultures through history have not had a conceptual category or a term meaning "religion." T/F?
True
Roman Catholic and Orthodox Christians recognize seven rituals as sacraments. Protestants recognize two. T/F?
True
Shabbetai Tzevi thought he was the Messiah. T/F?
True
Some scholars think that the study of religion should be expanded to encompass the study of worldviews more generally. T/F?
True
The Islamic tradition recognizes prophets that would be familiar to Jews and Christians.T/F?
True
The Sangha was responsible for transmitting the teachings of the Buddha. T/f?
True
The Talmud -- narrowly defined -- consists of Mishnah and Gemara. T/F?
True
The attempt to define religion is a relatively recent phenomenon, beginning for the most part with the European Enlightenment of the 18th century. T/F?
True
The term "eschatological" refers to a belief in an End-Time. T/F?
True
The term Torah literally means "teaching" T/F?
True
Theological reflection, in so far as it focuses on the nature of the divine, is an important example of doing and being religious. T/F?
True
With the fall of the Ottoman Empire, which of the following countries moved toward embracing secular nationalism?
Turkey
The doctrine of "apostolic succession" states that
bishops receive their authority through an unbroken line of bishops that reaches back to Christ himself
Some Buddhists take a "____________ vow" to help other
bodhisattva
The Unitarian Church played a leading role in the development of the development of 20th century Humanism. t/f
true
The form of Buddhism found in Tibet is Vajrayana. t/f
true
The Sanskrit word nirvana refers to the ______________ of desire.
extinguishing
Theodor Herzl was opposed to the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. t/f
f
According to the Buddha's doctrine of No-Self, all beings share a single identity. t/f
false
All Muslims follow the Sufi path. T/F?
false
Anti-modernist ideas largely died out in the modern period. t/f
false
At the time of the Buddha, his followers were the only renunciants (sramana). t/f
false
Both Conservative and Orthodox Judaism reject a historical critical approach to Tanakh and Talmud. t/f
false
Buddhism is the most popular religion in India today. t/f
false
It took much longer for Muslims to arrive at an agreed upon (official) text of the Qur'an that it took Jews to arrive at a final version of the Tanakh or Christians to arrive at a final version of the New Testament. T/F?
false
Pilgrimages to important sites in the life of the Buddha and the preservation of relics of the Buddha in stupas were not an important part of early Buddhist but were taken up by the people as the tradition developed. t/f
false
Some Humanists claim that unlike many religions, Humanism did not have a founder. Historians would agree. t/f
false
The Buddha was reluctant to let women become monastics. T/f?
false
The Buddhist sangha was one of many early monastic orders. t/f
false
The Enlightenment idea of "reasonable religion" viewed religious experience or mysticism as the valued core of religion. t/f
false
The Middle Way, a principle taught by the Buddha, is the path between this life and reincarnation. T/f
false
The Pali Canon is an open canon. New sutras are still being added today. T/f
false
The Pittsburgh Platform expressed the view of nineteenth-century Orthodox Jews. t/f
false
The concept of shunyata or "emptiness" is an essential part of Theravada Buddhism. t/f
false
The first Humanist Manifesto (1933) rejected the idea of religious humanism. t/f
false
The linking and mixing of ideas due to globalization rarely involved domination of one party over another. t/f
false
The theory of evolution is incompatible with the Genesis accounts of creation. t/f
false
Tibet suffered under British colonial and imperial rule during the 19th and 20th centuries, just as India did. t/f
false
The salat is
the five daily prayers Muslims are expected to perform
The emigration of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina is known as:
the hijra
During the late 19th and early 20th century, Protestantism fundamentalists and modernists disagreed about all of the following EXCEPT:
the importance of Jesus
The Brahmanic Synthesis refers to:
the integration of the varna and asrama
Which of the following is a prayer given by Jesus to his disciples? Select one: a. the Jesus Prayer b. the Lord's Prayer (also known as the Our Father) c. the Nunc Dimittis d. the Ave Maria
the lord's Prayer
Strictly speaking, the famous "Five Pillars" of Islam are better characterized as the Sunni Five Pillars of Islam, because
the pillars differ somewhat in Sunni and Shi'a collections of hadit
The word jihad means
the strive or struggle
Brahman is
the supreme, unitary reality
When discussing worldviews, "world" refers to:
the totality to which particular peoples relate in a meaningful way
Humanists perform rites and ceremonies in order to
to express their belief in God
The earliest collection of Buddhist texts is the ________________.
tripitaka
"Gospel" can refer to either a type of writing or to the message the Jesus preached. T/F?
true
A key teaching of Islam is the belief in the oneness of God. T/F?
true
Muslim reformers in the modern period were concerned about European colonialism. t/f
true
One can identify oneself as a Buddhist by reciting the Three Refuges. T/f
true
Who became the first leader of the Muslim community after the death of Muhammad?
Abu Bakr
In the Descent of Man, Darwin located the evolutionary development of human morality in which of the following:
. the social instincts
Place the following historical events in the correct historical order in this timeline: 1. 922 BCE [United Kingdom divided into Kingdoms of Israel and Judah] 2. 922-901 BCE [Jeroboam ruled the Kingdom of Judah] 2. 722 BCE [Assyrians conquer the (northern) Kingdom of Israel] 3. 622 BCE [Josiah's Reform] 3. 587 BCE [Babylonians conquer the (southern) Kingdom of Judah] 4. 516 BCE [Return from exile and rebuilding of the Temple] 5. 66-70 CE [First Jewish War with Rome] 6. 70 CE [Destruction of the (second) Temple]
..
Krisha - Vaishnavism, Vishnu - Vaishnavism, Goddess (Devi) - Shaktism, Parvati - Shaivism, Shiva - Shaivism
...
The correct answer is: continuing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth - samsara, human authored sacred texts - smriti, overarching path of righteousness - dharma, renunciation, or someone who practices it - sramana, divinely authored sacred texts - shruti, liberation or release from cycle of rebirth - moksha
...
This following text is a [sura] from the [Qur'an]. 1 Recite in the Name of thy Lord Who created, 2 created man from a blood clot.1 3 Recite! Thy Lord is most noble, 4 Who taught by the Pen, 5 taught man that which he knew not. Muslims interpret this passage in light of the [Sunnah] or teachings and deeds of the Prophet. Reports of his teachings or deeds are called [hadith]. These reports have two parts. The first part, which indicates the chain of transmission, is called the [isnad]: "Ahmad b. Uthman, who is known as Abu'l-Jawza, has related to me on the authority of Wahb b. Jarir, who heard his father say that he had heard from al-Nucman b. Rashid, on the authority of al-Zuhri from cUrwa, from cAisha, who said," The second part, which gives the actual account, is called the [matn]: "The Prophet's first encounters with revelation [wahy] were through true visions, which would come to him like the break of day. He loved solitude then. He used to practice tahannuth in a cave on Mt. Hira for a certain number of nights, and then return to his family. Then he would go back up for a like amount of time until the Truth came upon him unexpectedly."
...
Your answer is correct. The correct answer is: Laws of Manu - Late Vedic Period, Bhagavad Gita - Late Vedic Period, Upanishads - Middle Vedic Period, Purusha Sukta - Early Vedic Period, Shiva Purana - Early Hindu Period
...
The correct answer is: supreme unity reality, the ground of Being - Brahman, the unchanging essence of the individual - atman, the priestly caste - Brahmin, the creator deity - Brahma
....
The literal meaning of the Hebrew word "torah" is [teaching]. It is usually translated into Greek as [nomos] and English as [law] The literal meaning of the Greek word "evangelion" is [good news]. It is usually translated into English as [gospel]. The Hebrew word "b'rit" or "berith" is usually translated into Greek as [diatheke] and into English as [covenant] or [testament]. (Enter the last two terms in alphabetical order.)
....
devotion - bhakti, a path within a dharmic tradition - marga, a discipline used to reach moksha - yoga, wisdom - jnana, action - karma
....
The Protestant Reformation began in which century?
16th
Which of the following is the best date for the Buddha?
500 B.C.E
Which of the following Islamic Empires did NOT last into the modern period?
Abbasid
According to the Letters of Paul in the New Testament, which of the following is NOT true: Select one: a. Adam is a type of the one who is to come b. sin and death came into the world through Adam c. Adam is the first fruits of those who have died d. Christ is the New Adam
Adam is the first fruits of those who have died
By the beginning of the Common Era, the Jewish people had been conquered by Select one: a. The Babylonians b. The Assyrians c. The Romans d. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is true regarding covenants in ancient Israel: Select one: a. They refer to a formal agreement or treaty between two parties with each assuming some obligation. b. All of the above. c. There several covenants between God and humans in the Hebrew Bible. d. Covenants between God and the Israelites are similar in some respects to ancient near eastern covenants between rulers and vassals.
All of the above
The Reform Movement embraced the idea that Judaism is
An evolving religious culture
In the third century B.C.E., the dharma was promoted in India by King ________.
Asoka
The oldest extant [currently known] written sources for early Buddhism are
Asoka's inscriptions
The Bodhisattva of Compassion is _________________.
Avalokitesvara
The Sangh Parivar ("the Family of Associations") is an umbrella group of organizations, each of which espouses Savarakar's hindutva ideology. The political wing is the
BJP (Bharatiya Janata Party)
The American subculture movements that helped first popularize Buddhism were
Beats and Hippies CorrectThis is what your textbook say, but there was also considerable interest in Buddhism among the freethinkers of the late 19th century.
When employees of the ______ first established an imperial presence in India, they initially adapted themselves to local customs and practices.
British East India Company
The most visible leader in Tibetan Buddhism is the
Dalai Lama
Many Jews at the time of Jesus expected the Messiah to be a descendant of King _____ ancient Israel's greatest king.
David
Which of the following Hindu reformers was least open to other religions?
Dayananda Saraswati CorrectHe was an early advocate of Hindu nationalism and the least open to engaging other religions.
The first sermon of the Buddha after his enlightenment was the Sermon in the ___________.
Deer Park
What was the origin of the split between the Sunnis and the Shias?
Difference in opinion over who should lead the Muslim community following Muhammad's death
Bruce Lincoln's definition of religion emphasizes four "domains":
Discourse, practice, community, and institution
The sacrament in which bread and wine are thought by many to become the body and blood of Christ is the
Eucharist
Which of the following was not typical of Ancient Israelite Religion?
Exclusive worship of YHWH
According to the Documentary Hypothesis, which books are NOT part of the Deuteronomic source: Select one: a. Ezra and Nehemiah b. Deuteronomy c. 1-2 Kings d. Judges and 1-2 Samuel
Ezra and Nehemiah
In Shaktism the goddess is still conceived as being subordinate to male deities. T/F?
F
The bodhisattva is an important figure in Theravada Buddhism. T/f
F
Yoga is mainly a system of physical exercise that promotes the health of the body. T/F?
F
After Muhammad started receiving revelations, his preaching was immediately welcomed by most of the people of Mecca. T/F?
False
Baptism is an important practice in Roman Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism today, but was not practiced by early Christians. T/F?
False
Buddhism teaches that the soul resides in the heart, that it is no bigger than the thumb, and that to know it is to be immortal. T/f
False
Christians grant the Jewish Scriptures the same authority as the New Testament texts. T/F?
False
For Muslims, Muhammad is the Word of God, just as Jesus is the Word of God in Christianity. T/F?
False
From Paul's letters, it is clear that the earliest Christians all agreed that followers of Jesus did not need to observe traditional Jewish practices such as circumcision or dietary rules. T/F?
False
In contrast to other founding figures we have studied, few questioned whether the Siddhartha Gautama actually reached enlightenment. T/f?
False
Inclusive Yahwism is a form of monotheism. T/F?
False
Islamic law is no longer used in the world today. T/F?
False
Jews commonly believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ. T/F?
False
Monotheism is the belief in one god who is more powerful than the rest. T/F?
False
Over the course of the past century, scholars from various academic disciplines have gradually come to a general consensus over how to define the term "religion." T/F?
False
Religions are the only source of answers to the big questions about ultimate reality, our ultimate purpose, and how we should live in this world. T/F?
False
Shabbat is celebrated only on Saturday morning. T/F?
False
Shiva is commonly worshiped in symbolic form, as a multi-headed cobra. T/f?
False
The Buddha taught that the highest obligation of human beings is to know God. t/f
False
The Mishnah recounts events that occurred in the wake of the destruction of the Second Temple. T/F?
False
The New Testament was complete by the end of the first century. T/F?
False
The Qur'an is the sole source of shari'ah. T/F?
False
The Septuagint is a translation of the Hebrew Bible into Latin. T/F?
False
The Tanakh is exactly the same as the Old Testament. T/F?
False
The word "gospel" means "sacred story." T/F?
False
When we compare two or more things, we are saying they are identical. T/F?
False
The books that make up the New Testament were written in
Greek
Which of the following is not a major Jewish festival?
Hanukkah
What happened when Muhammad first began preaching in Mecca?
He faced opposition from people who were powerful in the community
Which of the following statements about history are correct?
Historians should consider all the relevant evidence when discussing the development of a tradition.
The biblical Patriarchs were Abraham, Isaac, and
Jacob
Solomon's Temple was built in
Jerusalem
Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
Jihad
The general term that designates Jewish mystical thought is ____
Kabbalah
The Hebrew word for the Dietary Code is
Kashrut
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about the Bhagavad Gita? Select one: a. Krishna instructs Arjuna in the yoga of attachment. b. Krishna tells Arjuna he has never not existed. c. Arjuna's thoughts on dharma are completely bewildered. d. Arjuna, like Asoka, agonizes over whether he should kill people in battle.
Krishna instructs Arjuna in the yoga of attachment.
Vishnu's consort is
Lakshmi
A creed that describes the doctrine of the Trinity and is often recited in Christian worship is the
Nicene Creed
The Answer _______ tradition concentrates ecclesiastical authority in the hands of bishops.
Orthodox
How was the Qur'an revealed to Muhammad?
Over the course of many years
Shiva's consort is
Parvati
Based on the definitions we are using in the course, which of the following statements about worldviews is false? Select one: a. We can use the teachings of a tradition to understand its explicit worldview. b. Pretty much everyone reflects on their worldview. Correct c. History can help us to understand how worldviews develop. d. An implicit worldview may be embedded in a way of life.
Pretty much everyone reflects on their worldview.
The Answer _______ Incorrect were the first Muslim dynasty.
Rashidun
Rabbi Sherman Wine's Humanistic Judaism is most like which of the following in its conception of God?
Reconstructionism
Jesus was crucified by the
Romans
The Jewish New Year is called in Hebrew
Rosh Hashanah
This Jewish sect ____ rejected the idea of teachings supposedly handed down orally apart from the Bible.
Sadducees
Of the following Islamic reformers, which was most open to modernist ideas and Western influence?
Sayyid Ahmed Khan CorrectHe not only embraced modernist ideas, but also admired the British, while rejecting imperial rule.
Which of the following statements does NOT reflect Holyoake's late nineteenth century distinction between "secularism" and "the secular"? a. Secularism should be taught in public schools. b. Secular instruction does not conflict with theology. c. A secular approach neither ignores, assails, nor denies theology. d. Secularism denies and, thus, conflicts with theological claims.
Secularism should be taught in public schools
The ritual meal that Jews celebrate on Passover is called a ____
Seder
One of the most important prayers that declares the unity of God is
Shema
The Nazi genocide against the Jews is referred to in Hebrew as the
Shoah
The king who built the First Temple was named
Solomon
In the Islamic tradition, what is a prophet?
Someone who receives communication or a message from God
In which of the following would you find an emphasis on Theravada Buddhism?
Sri lanka
Which of the following is the best explanation of Sufism?
Sufism can be understood as Islamic mysticism
Which is NOT one of the three "baskets" in the Tripitaka? Select one: a. Svadharma b. Sutra c. Abhidharma d. Vinaya
Svadharma
An avatar is a "descent" of God to earth in a physical form. T/F?
T
Many monistic Hindus believe that God is simultaneously one and many. T/f?
T
One's jati traditionally determines whom one may marry. t/f?
T
The Vedas are regarded as the most important texts of Hinduism and their authority is often invoked. T/f?
T
Which of the following did NOT play a major role in the development of organized Humanism in the United States? a. The Free Religious Association b. The Unitarian Church c. Ethical Culture Societies Incorrect d. The Secular Aid Society
The Secular Aid Society
With respect to the concept of "world religions," most scholars would agree that: a. there are a set number of world religions (or religions of the world). b. they have a common features that reliably distinguish them from non (world) religions. c. they have clear boundaries that distinguish them from one another. d. None of the above Correct e. All of the above
The correct answer is: None of the above
Which of the following is false about Shia Muslims?
The correct answer is: Shias believe that the ayatollah is a modern-day prophet.
Which of the following statements about the Pharisees is correct?
The rabbinic tradition credits them with transmitting the "Oral Torah."
Which is not true of the Jewish understanding of the Sabbath?
The two versions of the Ten Commandments agree as to why it should be observed.
By the mid-nineteenth century, English-educated Hindus began deriding Hinduism's many gods, erotic symbolism, temple worship, and rituals as crass corruptions of the purity of the authentic Hinduism embodied in the Vedas and
Upanishads
Which of the following Buddhist traditions incorporates tantric beliefs and practices?
Vajrayana
Of the Hindu traditions, Vivekananda thought that __________ best satisfied the demands of the scientific world.
Vedanta
The conservative______movement has been very influential in Saudi Arabia.
Wahhabi
When we shift from studying "world religions" to "comparing worldviews," which of the following is false? a. We can ignore questions about reality, purpose, and how we should live our lives. Correct b. Our course of study does not rest on a definition of religion. c. We have to explain what we mean by a "worldview." d. We can include both religious and nonreligious traditions if they meet our definition of a worldview.
We can ignore questions about reality, purpose, and how we should live our lives.
Which of the following is not among the prominent questions addressed by religious traditions?
What is the correct definition of "religion"?
An isnad is:
a chain of transmission that establishes the authenticity of a matn
The word "canon" refers to Select one: a. an artillery piece b. an arrangement of flowers c. a collection of sacred writings d. a type of animal sacrifice
a collection of sacred writings
The Abbasid period was known for
a flowering of Islamic arts and sciences
Henotheism acknowledges Select one: a. only one god who is thought to be qualitatively removed from the world b. the virtue of the gods, but sets forth the pursuit of pleasure as the ultimate good for humankind c. six separate deities, of the four directions and of the sky and of the earth d. a plurality of gods but elevates one of them to special status
a plurality of gods but elevates one of them to special status
The five ascetics (the group of five) abandoned Siddhartha because they
ere disgusted by his lack of discipline
In the Descent of Man, Darwin indicated that "a belief in all-pervading spiritual agencies" is connected to all except one of the following: Select one: a. the result of the human reasoning abilities b. a product of human cultural development c. rooted in human imagination, curiosity, and wonder d. innate or instinctive in humans and, thus, universal
a product of human cultural development
The Islamic modernist Muhammad Iqbal offered:
a psychological interpretation of Muhammad
In the Descent of Man, Darwin characterized "belief in God" as
a result of extensive cultural development
The primordial sound OM
a. encompasses all words and all things they represent
The "Syllabus of Errors" published by Pope Pius IX in 1864 was a(n)
a. list of features of modern culture that Catholics were urged to reject
For Christians, Pentecost is a holiday that commemorates
a. the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' disciples
The word karma literally means
action
Which of the following was NOT part of Asoka's dharma:
adherence to varnashrama
Ali was Select one: a. the son-in-law of Muhammad b. thought by some to be the rightful successor to Muhammad c. Muhammad's cousin d. all of the above
all of the above
Buddhists "take refuge" in Select one: a. the Buddha b. the Dharma c. the Sangha d. all of the above
all of the above
Darwin's understanding of human origins was based on which of the following: Select one: a. similarities in embryonic development of humans and other animals b. similarities in structure and constitution between humans and other animals c. the random variation of traits and natural selection of those most conducive to the survival of the species d. all of the above
all of the above
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (1774-1833) Select one: a. was among the first members of the Indian upper classes to visit Europe b. campaigned for the abolition of sati c. established the Brahmo Samaj d. all of the above
all of the above
The Enlightenment was an 18th century movement that Select one: a. valued reason, science and critical thinking b. challenged people to "dare to know" c. challenged the authority of scripture and tradition d. all of the above
all of the above
The Puranas Select one: a. recount the deeds of the great Hindu deities b. proliferate in the Early Hindu Period c. are associated with different sectarian traditions d. exhibit considerable regional variation e. all of the above
all of the above
The Sephirot are Select one: a. essential attributes of God b. emanations of God's creative force c. ten in number d. all of the above
all of the above
The hadith reports Select one: a. tell about what Muhammad said and did b. were collected by those closest to Muhammad c. were compiled in several authoritative collections d. all of the above
all of the above
The word dharma means A. duty B. law C. righteousness D. all of the above
all of the above
Torah refers to which of the following: Select one: a. The first five books of the Hebrew Bible. b. The totality of God's revelation to the people of Israel. c. The teachings given to Moses. d. All of the above
all of the above
When Kondanna had a vision of the dharma in the Wheel of the Dharma Sutta, he exclaimed "Whatever is subject to origination is all subject to cessation." This illustrated which of the following: Select one: a. that he had experienced enlightenment b. that the experience of enlightenment could be conveyed by teachers c. the implications of the idea of Interdependent Origination d. all of the abo
all of the above
Which of the following is a teaching of Islam? Select one: a. The belief in the oneness of God b. The belief in prophecy c. The belief in angels d. All of the above
all of the above
Which of these terms refer to a way or path for believers to follow? Select one: a. all of the above b. Christ c. Halacha d. Shar'ia
all of the above
According to the Buddha's doctrine of Interdependent Origination,
all things come into existence in connection with other things
The word halachah can be defined as
an authoritative form of ritual behavior
The Buddha's prescription for an end to suffering as
an eightfold path
The Sanskrit word for "No-Self" is ______________.
anatman
The word "Christ" (Greek, Christos) means
anointed one
The word mashiach literally means
anointed one
In Muslim belief, angels
are considered helpers of God
Which of the following is not one of the four Hindu aims of life?
ascetic renunciation
Assuming one is physically and financially able, a Muslim is expected to make the pilgrimage to Mecca
at least once in a lifetime
All Hindus believe in an undying soul or self, the
atman
Rama and Krishna are ___ of Vishnu.
avatars
Question 41 Correct 1.00 points out of 1.00 Not flaggedFlag question Question text Which of the following is true about the Sunnah? Select one: a. It is the normative legacy of the prophet Muhammad. b. Muslims can learn about the Sunnah from the hadith literature. c. It is the mystical tradition of Islam. d. Both a and b
both a and b
Muslims believe that Muhammad was Select one: a. the first prophet b. the final prophet c. one of many prophets d. both b and c
both b and c
In the Purusha Sukta, from the mouth of the cosmic man emerged
brahmins
Stupas are
burial mounds containing relic
The term tafsir refers to
commentary on the Qur'an
Parinirvana is
complete and final entry into Nirvana
The chapters of the Qur'an
contain the important teachings of Islam
The most important of the ancient Vedic gods, such as Indra and Agni,
continue to play a subordinate part in the later Hindu pantheon
A general feature of modernity is its tendency to
deny the authority of tradition and the past
According to the Buddha, all suffering is caused by
desire
The Laws of Manu is a text from the period 200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E. that contains
detailed prescriptions for correct behavior in all aspects of life
The Buddha claimed that he gained knowledge of the dharma through:
direct knowledge
Religious Modernists
embrace "modern" religious values
The capacity for seeing things from another's perspective is
empathy
According to the Bhagavad Gita, a person is to
give up the fruit of action
In contrast to doing religion or being religious, the academic study of religion
has no scientific basis for adjudicating claims regarding supernatural beings
In the Descent of Man, Darwin claimed all of the following except: Select one: a. humans are descended from some less highly organized form b. humans originated in a separate act of creation c. the phenomena of nature are not disconnected d. individual differences in humans obey the same laws as with the lower animals
humans originated in a separate act of creation
Generally speaking, ______________ have been the most open to adapting to modern culture.
iberal Protestantsl
The Buddhist modernist, Gendrum Chopal illustrated the idea that science can serve as a foundation for Buddhist teachings with what doctrine?
impermanence
The origins of Hinduism may be traced back to the intertwining of two great cultures, that of the _______ civilization and that of the Indo-Aryans.
indus valley
Why did Siddhartha Gautama (Gotama) object when his former companions called him by his name and referred to him as their friend?
it made them equals
The Buddha was the son of a
king
According to South Asian scholar, Patrick Olivelle, Asoka's active promotion of dharma throughout his kingdom
led the Brahmins to elaborate their view of dharma
The first of the Four Noble Truths is that
life is full of suffering
Vipassana is
mindfulness meditation
The "Four Sights" that led to the Prince Siddhartha's renunciation included an old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a __________.
monk
Some self-identified Humanists claim that humanism had antecedents and analogues in cultures all over the world, including ancient China and India. t/f
true
The development of the varna-ashrama-dharma system allowed the Hindu tradition to accommodate all the following, EXCEPT
one ultimate deity
The word dalit means
oppressed
The First Buddhist Council was convened to
preserve the teachings of the Buddha
Which of the following best describes the Gospels?
proclamations of the "good news" about Jesus
Buddhism
prohibits the use of intoxicants
Which one of the following is an incorrect statement regarding Auguste Comte? Auguste Comte a. viewed moral teachings as crucial b. promoted the "Religion of Secularity" c. created a non-theistic religion d. promoted altruism, order, and progress
promoted the "Religion of Secularity"
Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan is associated with which movement in modern Judaism?
reconstructionist
Which of the following is NOT part of the British Humanist Association's definition of Humanism?
rejecting religion
Siddhartha's first act of renunciation was
removing his fine clothes and cutting his hai
Which of the following views were NOT included in the 19th century meaning of the term "freethinker"?
revivalists
Ancient poet-sages, known as _______ composed the Vedas.
rishis
Most of the early sacred works in Hinduism were written in
sanskrit
The Indian King Asoka was an early promoter of the dharma. t/f
true
The Independence Model for relating Religion and Science would REJECT which of the following claims?
science can provide ethical norms and a philosophy of life
The Middle Way is the path between
self-indulgence and self-denia
_____ is the sin of idolatry or comparing anything to God.
shirk
According to Buddhism, human beings are composed of five components known as.
skandhas
After his enlightenment, the Buddha
spent the rest of his life teaching
The Buddha's father tried to insulate his son from the outside world because he was afraid he might become a
spiritual teacher
The term "Islam" means
submission
Dukkha can be understood as "unsatisfactoriness." t/f
t
Most Hindus believe that moksha is the ultimate goal of Hinduism. T/f?
t
The Hindu dualistic viewpoint understands divine reality as God, a personal being separate from the rest of reality. T/f
t
Some scholars of religion criticize a "world religions" approach to studying religion because it arose within an intellectual culture that
tended to take for granted that Christianity was a model of what religion ought to be
Humanists generally view meaning in life as something
that humans create
For Protestants, the ultimate authority on spiritual matters is
the Bible
Perhaps no single phenomenon has been more challenging to traditional religious ways, and more nurturing of secularization, than
the encounter of religion with scienc
Perhaps no single phenomenon has been more challenging to traditional religious ways, and more nurturing of secularization, than
the encounter of religion with science
V. D. Savarkar's (1883-1966) concept of hindutva sought to
unite Hindus in repelling all dangerous foreign influences
In addition to the four major classes or varnas of the Purusha Sukta, a fifth class later emerged called
untouchables
In 1893, Swami ______ visited America to speak on behalf of Hinduism at the World's Parliament of Religions in Chicago.
vivekanada
Ecumenical councils are
worldwide councils of bishops
Which of the following Buddhist traditions makes use of koans (such as "What is the sound of one hand clapping?") as an aid to enlightenment?
zen
Theodor Herzl was the founder of the ____ movement.
zionist