COMPLETE: D-01 Distinguish Between Dependent &Independent Variables - Part 3 - Review/Interpret Literature - Acquisition

A functional relation can only be demonstrated with a well-designed experiment. may be defined as a relation between 2 variables, such that a change in the independent variable causes significant and predictable change in behavior (dependent variable). may be defined as a statement which summarizes the result of an experiment that demonstrates a predictable effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. (all of the above)

(all of the above)

If experimental data indicate that an antecedent stimulus consistently evokes a behavior and this behavior doesn't occur in the absence of that antecedent stimulus, a motivating operation must be in effect. stimulus control is demonstrated. a functional relationship is demonstrated. (all of the above)

(all of the above)

Experimental data repeatedly indicate that every time the teacher walks into the room, on-task behavior increases. Extinction is demonstrated A functional relationship is demonstrated. Punishment is demonstrated. A causal relationship is demonstrated.

A functional relationship is demonstrated.

A graduate student conducts an experiment using a reversal design. A conditioned response is taught during the intervention, but during return-to-baseline, the conditioned response continues. The student has not demonstrated a functional relation. Confounding variables were not adequately controlled. The student has demonstrated a functional relation. Because this is a respondent behavior, the concept of a functional relation does not apply.

The student has not demonstrated a functional relation.

A teacher says that there is a functional relation between a student's seat location and on-task behavior. She says the student predictably completes his worksheets and stays on-task when he sits in the first row of the class, and he does not complete his worksheets and often talks to peers when he sits in the last row of the class. The teacher has demonstrated a functional relationship. The teacher has likely identified a causal relationship. The teacher has likely identified a functional relationship. Tell the teacher that you will observe the child and determine what is and what is not a functional relation.

The teacher has likely identified a functional relationship.

Experimental data indicating that changes in an antecedent or consequent stimulus class consistently alter the dimension of a response class defines a functional relationship. a discriminative stimulus. a contingency. (all of the above)

a functional relationship.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the probability of attention for slapping, probability of attention is an example of the extraordinary variable. dependent variable. independent variable. confounding variable.

confounding variable.

To be a functional relationship, changes in antecedent or consequent events must alter the response class on each occasion. along all dimensions. consistently, but not necessarily each time. over 50% of the time

consistently, but not necessarily each time.

When the experimenter manipulates the probability of attention for slapping, frequency of slapping is an example of the independent variable. confounding variable. dependent variable. extraneous variable.

dependent variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing letters that match letters on the screen, the number of letters typed per minute is an example of the extraneous variable. dependent variable. confounding variable. independent variable.

dependent variable.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the probability of attention for slapping oneself, probability of attention is an example of the extraneous variable. dependent variable. constructing variable. independent variable.

extraneous variable.

When the experimenter does not manipulate the response rate requirement to earn points for typing numbers that match numbers on the screen, response rate requirement is an example of the dependent variable. extraordinary variable. independent variable. extraneous variable.

extraneous variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the probability of attention for slapping, probability of attention is an example of the confounding variable. extraneous variable. dependent variable. independent variable.

independent variable.

When the experimenter manipulates the response rate requirement to earn points for typing numbers that match numbers on the screen, response rate requirement is an example of the independent variable. dependent variable. extraneous variable.

independent variable.

A functional relation is not defined as the result of an experiment that demonstrates a predictable effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. may be defined as a relation between 2 variables, such that a change in the independent variable causes significant and predictable change in behavior (dependent variable). will be demonstrated by any well-designed experiment. (all of the above)

may be defined as a relation between 2 variables, such that a change in the independent variable causes significant and predictable change in behavior (dependent variable).

When we experimentally demonstrate that an intervention consistently leads to a certain outcome, we have demonstrated a cause, because we have ruled out alternative explanations by using an experimental design demonstrated a functional relation, but only if we could also demonstrate that no other intervention can have that same outcome. not demonstrated a functional relation, because to do so we would have to conduct multiple replications and get the same outcome. not demonstrated a cause, because to do so we would have to show that no other intervention can have that same outcome, which is almost impossible.

not demonstrated a cause, because to do so we would have to show that no other intervention can have that same outcome, which is almost impossible.