CompTIA Linux+ Chapter 1-4 Review

You need to format the string 42.777 into the correct two-digit floating number. Which of the following printf command FORMAT settings is the correct one to use?

"%.2f\n"

You need to search through a large text file and find any record that contains either Luke or Laura at the record's beginning. Also, the phrase Father is must be located somewhere in the record's middle. Which of the following is an ERE pattern that could be used with the egrep command to find this record?

"(^Luke|^Laura).**Father is.**"

What is the difference between "apt-get update" and "apt-get dist-upgrade"?

"apt-get update" will not change what is installed, whereas "apt-get dist-upgrade" will install or remove packages as necessary to complete the upgrade.

Which of the following software packages are used in Linux to maintain log files?

"rsyslogd" and "journald"

You are using the ls command to look at a directory file's metadata but keep seeing metadata for the files within it instead. What command option will rectify this situation?

-d

Which diff option is the best option to allow you to quickly determine if two text files are different from one another?

-q

There is a large directory structure that needs to be renamed. What mv command options should you consider employing? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply.

-v, -n, and -i

What filename extension do UEFI bootloader files use?

.efi

The EFI System Partition (ESP) is stored in the _____ directory on Linux systems.

/boot/efi

Where are the GRUB Legacy configuration files stored?

/boot/grub

Where are GRUB2 configuration files stored?

/etc/grub.d /boot/grub

What folder do most Linux distributions use to store boot logs?

/var/log

What package do you need to install to allow your Linux server to provide IP addresses to clients on your local network?

DHCPd

What runs in the background and listens for client connection requests for a single application?

Daemon: A single application that runs in the background listening for client connection requests.

You have a lengthy file named, FileA.txt. What will the head -15 FileA.txt command do?

Display the first 15 lines of the file.

You are working on a Linux server at the command line, and you try to issue a diff command and receive a response stating that the command was not found. What is the next best step to take in order to start the troubleshooting process?

Enter the which diff command.

You have issued the command grep Hal on a text file, you generated using information from a failed login attempts file. It returns nothing, but you just performed a test case, by purposely failing to log into the Hal account, before generating the text file. Which of the following is the best choice as your next step?

Issue the grep -i Hal command on the text file.

You downloaded a large important file, fortytwo.db, from your company's local website to your Linux server but got interrupted by an emergency. Now you cannot remember where you stored the file. What is the best first step to fix this problem?

Issue the sudo updatedb command.

You are trying to find a file on your Linux server whose name is conf. Employing the locate conf command for your search shows many directories that contain the letters conf. What is the best description for why this is happening?

It is due to file globbing on the pattern name.

What format does MongoDB use to store data elements in the database?

JSON

What is the term commonly used for when the Linux system halts due to a system error?

Kernel panic

Which was the first bootloader program used in Linux?

LILO

Which part of the Linux mail process allows you to create filters to automatically redirect incoming mail messages?

MDA (Message Delivery Agent) allows you to create filters to match emails messages to redirect to other folders.

Which part of the Linux mail process is responsible for sending emails to remote hosts?

MTA

Which of the following is the correct hardware requirement for using a virtualization product in Linux?

Memory: minimum 8GB, free disk space: minimum 70GB

Which of the following hypervisors is a Type I hypervisor?

Microsoft Hyper-V

Which open-source database provides fast performance and becomes a popular choice for web applications?

MySQL

What protocol should you use to mount folders from remote Linux servers on your local Linux server?

NFS

Which authentication package used to be called by the name "Yellow Pages"?

NIS (Network Information System)

The cut command often needs delimiters to process text records. Which of the following best describes a delimiter?

One or more characters that create a boundary between different data items in a record

The ____________ package allows you to create a secure tunnel across a private network to access your local network remotely.

OpenSSH: Allows you to use certificates to establish a secure connection between two devices on the network.

How does a server know what client request is sent to which application daemon?

Ports

The _________ software package allows your Windows workstations to mount a folder stored on a Linux server.

Samba: Allows your Windows workstations to mount a folder stored on a Linux server.

Which of the following are BRE patterns that can be used with the grep command?

Sp?ce, "Space, the .*frontier", ^Space, frontier$

Which command allows a standard user account to run any command as another user account, including the root user account?

Sudo: Short for "substitute user do." It allows a standard user account to run any command as another user account, including the root user account.

Which of the following is a command-line package manager for installing, updating and removing packages as well as for managing repositories?

Sudo: Short for "substitute user do." It allows a standard user account to run any command as another user account, including the root user account.

A Unicode-encoded text file, MyUCode.txt, needs to be perused. Before you decide what utility to use to view the file's contents, you employ the wc command on it. This utility displays 2020 6786 11328 to STDOUT. Which of the following statements are true?

The file has 2,020 lines in it, The file has 6,786 words in it.

Where is the Master Boot Record located?

The first sector of the first hard drive on the system

What memory area does Linux use to store boot messages?

The kernel ring buffer

The cat -E MyFile.txt command is entered, and at the end of every line displayed is a $. What does this indicate?

The text file records end in the ASCII character LF.

Which hypervisor is an ideal utility for running a single virtual machine on a Windows or Linux PC?

VMware Workstation Player (Type II hypervisor)

Which of the following does not describe the less pager utility?

You can press the X key to exit from the utility.

Which of the following commands display the data.txt and datatoo.txt files' content one after the other to STDOUT?

cat -n data.txt datatoo.txt, sort data.txt datatoo.txt

A short text-based control file is no longer working properly with the program that reads it. You suspect the file was accidentally corrupted by a control code update you performed recently, even though the file's control codes are all correct. Which command should you use next on the file in your problem investigation?

cat -v

Which of the following commands will display the file SpaceOpera.txt to output as well as save a copy of it to the file SciFi.txt?

cat SpaceOpera.txt | tee SciFi.txt

You want to find a file named 42.tmp, which exists somewhere in your current directory's tree structure and display its contents to STDOUT. Which of the following will allow you to build a command to do this?

cat `find . -name 42.tmp` cat $(find . -name 42.tmp) find . -name 42.tmp | xargs cat

Which of the following commands allows you to examine the most recent boot messages?

dmesg

Yesterday a coworker, Michael, was fired for nefarious behavior. His account and home directory were immediately deleted. You need to audit the server to see if he left any files out in the virtual directory system. Which of the following commands will you use in this situation?

find / -nouser

You want to search for a particular file, main.conf, using the find command. This file most likely is located somewhere in the /etc/ directory tree. Which of the following commands is the best one to use in this situation?

find /etc -name main.conf

What program allows you to fix corrupt hard drive partitions?

fsck

You need to figure out what configuration file(s) hold a host name directive. Which of the following commands is the best one to use?

grep

You are a system administrator on a CentOS Linux server. You need to view records in the /var/log/messages file that start with the date May 30 and end with the IPv4 address 192.168.10.42. Which of the following is the best grep command to use?

grep "May 30.*192.168.10.42" /var/log/messages

Which of the following commands will determine how many records in the file Problems.txt contain the word error?

grep error Problems.txt | wc -l

What command must you run to save changes to a GRUB Legacy boot menu?

grub-install

Which of the following commands generates the GRUB2 configuration used for booting?

grub-mkconfig

You must run the _____ command to generate the GRUB2 grub.cfg configuration file.

grub-mkconfig

Which command allows you to append a partition to the virtual directory on a running Linux system?

mount

What popular open source web server can also perform as a load balancer?

nginX: Is a web server that can also perform as a load balancer and send client requests to multiple backend web servers.

Which software program should you load on your Linux server to synchronize its time with a standard time server?

ntpd (network time protocol daemon) uses NTP to synchronize the server time with a remote system.

A text file, StarGateAttacks.txt, needs to be specially formatted for review. Which of the following commands is the best command to accomplish this task quickly?

pr

You have two short text files that have maximum record lengths of 15 characters. You want to review these files side by side. Which of the following commands would be the best to use?

pr -mtl 20

A long-time server administrator has left the company, and now you are in charge of her system. Her old user account directory tree, /home/Zoe/ has been backed up. Which command is the best one to use to quickly remove her files?

rm -rI /home/Zoe

You have a file that is over 10GB in size, and it needs to be backed up to a locally attached drive. What is the best command to use in this situation?

rsync

What command parameter would you add to the end of the GRUB2 Linux command to force a Linux system to start in single-user mode?

single

A file data.txt needs to be sorted numerically and its output saved to a new file newdata.txt. Which of the following commands can accomplish this task?

sort -n -o newdata.txt data.txt, sort -n data.txt > newdata.txt

Which of the following commands will put any generated error messages into the black hole?

sort SpaceOpera.txt 2> /dev/null

By default, STDOUT goes to what item?

/dev/tty

Which of the following methods allows your developers to deploy applications between development, test, and production

A container

What server role should you implement to increase performance on your company's website?

A load balancer: Sends client requests to one server within a cluster of servers to balance traffic among the servers.

Which of the following best defines a file descriptor?

A number that represents a process's open files

The grep utility can employ regular expressions in its PATTERN. Which of the following best describes a regular expression?

A pattern template you define for a utility, which uses the pattern to filter text

What server role should you implement to block your local network clients from accessing sports websites during business hours?

A web proxy: Allows you to intercept client web requests and block any requests based on rules you define.

Where does the workstation BIOS attempt to find a bootloader program?

An internal hard drive An external hard drive A DVD drive A USB memory stick A network server

Which web server is used in the popular LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP/Perl/Python) stack?

Apache

What program does the workstation firmware start at boot time?

Bootloader

What software package allows a Linux server to print to a network printer?

CUPS (Common UNIX Printing System) application provides printer drivers and services that allows Linux systems to connect with local and remote printers.

Which of the following is a Linux distribution that provides a free, community-supported computing platform functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux?

CentOS

You are trying to decide whether to use a hard link or a symbolic link for a data file. The file is 5GB, has mission-critical data, and is accessed via the command line by three other people. What should you do?

Create three hard links and provide the links to the three other people for data protection.

If you see the named program running in the background on your Linux server, what service does it provide?

Hostname resolution

You want to edit the file SpaceOpera.txt and decide to use the vim editor to complete this task. Which of the following are vim modes you might employ?

Insert, Command, Ex, Edit

Where does the firmware first look for a Linux bootloader program?

The MBR

The _____ firmware method has replaced BIOS on most modern IBM-compatible computers.

UEFI

You are trying to peruse a rather large text file. A coworker suggests you use a pager. Which of the following best describes what your coworker is recommending?

Use a utility that allows you to view one text page at a time.

You have a text file, monitor.txt, which contains information concerning the monitors used within the data center. Each record ends with the ASCII LF character and fields are delimitated by a comma (,). A text record has the monitor ID, manufacture, serial number, and location. To display each data center monitor's monitor ID, serial number, and location use which cut command?

cut -d "," -f 1,3,4 monitor.txt

You are looking at a directory that you have not viewed in a long time and need to determine which files are actually directories. Which command is the best one to use?

ls -F

You have just created an empty directory called MyDir. Which command most likely did you use?

mkdir -v MyDir

Which of the following utilities change text within a file?

vim, nano