computer chapter 11

Record

(also called struct or compound data) [page needed] is a basic data structure. A record is a collection of fields, possibly of different data types, typically in fixed number and sequence [page needed]. ... Most modern computer languages allow the programmer to define new record types.

Artificial intelligence

1 : a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of intelligent behavior in computers. 2 : the capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior.

Filter

A device that allows some signals to pass through but absorbs, attenuates, blocks, rejects, or removes all other signals, depending on their frequency (electrical) or wavelength (optical).

Field

data that has several parts, known as a record, can be divided into fields. Relational databases arrange data as sets of database records, also called rows. Each record consists of several fields; the fields of all records form the columns

Database relationships

in the context of databases, is a situation that exists between two relational database tables when one table has a foreign key that references the primary key of the other table. Relationships allow relational databases to split and store data in different tables, while linking disparate data items.

Knowledge-based systems

is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems.

Database

is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases

DBMS

is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.

Data centralization

is a database that is located, stored, and maintained in a single location. This location is most often a central computer or database system, for example a desktop or server CPU, or a mainframe computer.

Primary key

is a key in a relational database that is unique for each record. It is a unique identifier, such as a driver license number, telephone number (including area code), or vehicle identification number (VIN)

Table

is a set of data elements (values) using a model of vertical columns (identifiable by name) and horizontal rows, the cell being the unit where a row and column intersect. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows.

Transaction-processing system

is a style of computing that divides work into individual, indivisible operations, called transactions. A transaction processing system (TPS) or transaction server is a software system, or software/hardware combination, that supports transaction processing .

Data warehouse

is a system used for reporting and data analysis, and is considered a core component of business intelligence. DWs are central repositories of integrated data from one or more disparate sources.

Data mining

is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science. It is the computational process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

Data redundancy

is defined as the storing of the same data in multiple locations. An example of data redundancy is saving the same file five times to five different disks. YourDictionary definition and usage example.

Data type

or simply type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. ... The type defines the operations that can be done on the data, the meaning of the data, and the way values of that type can be stored.

Data integrity

refers to the overall completeness, accuracy and consistency of data. This can be indicated by the absence of alteration between two instances or between two updates of a data record, meaning data is intact and unchanged.

Default value

refers to the preexisting value of a user-configurable setting that is assigned to a software application, computer program or device. Such settings are also called presets or factory presets, especially for electronic devices.

Range check

to make sure a number is within a certain range; for example, to ensure that a value about to be assigned to a sixteen-bit integer is within the capacity of a sixteen-bit integer (i.e. checking against wrap-around).

Normalization

usually involves dividing a database into two or more tables and defining relationships between the tables.