Computer Concepts

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A communication port is a physical circuit through which data flows.

false

A filing cabinet full of folders and papers would be classified as a structured file because every document has a unique structure.

false

A formula, such as =B6+(C6*.1), does not contain cell references.

false

A manual calculator implements algorithms autonomously.

false

A private IP address can be used to send data over the Internet.

false

A wiki and a tweet are similar because they are collaborative, enabling contributors to post, read, and modify content

false

Access to databases is usually open to anyone within an organization or business.

false

Acts of war affect only computer systems located on battlefronts.

false

Although there are online sources for software, most consumers obtain software offline.

false

An HTML document begins with the DOCTYPE and html declarations.

false

The part of the data bus that runs between the microprocessor and RAM is called the _______ bus

local

In a relational database, relationships are specified by joining common data stored in records from different tables.

true

Moore's law accurately described the rate of chip innovation for the last 50 years.

true

RATs can be used to create a backdoor to a victim's device that takes control of the device's camera.

true

Some database software provides tools to work with more than one collection of records, as long as the records are somehow related to each other.

true

Web apps are examples of cloud computing.

true

You can create HTML documents with simple text editors such as Notepad or TextEdit

true

You can set up WiFi to use wireless mesh topology OR star topology.

true

You can think of HTTP as the system that browsers use to communicate with a Web server and ask for HTML documents.

true

You may be able to bypass DNS outages by changing your DNS server.

true

You won't find a desktop with application windows on an iOS device.

true

YouTube is an example of social media.

true

prior to 1912, there were no laws or regulations restricting amateur radio transmission in the United States.

true

Any data entering a digital device could be malware

true

DP is faster than TCP but does not perform error checking.

true

In a database, the template for a record is referred to as a record ______.

type

A(n) _______________ uses available technology to work from home or an offsite location.

telecommuter

Digital data can be __________ that have been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s

text numbers graphics, sound, and video

Chrome OS is an example of a _________ because it depends substantially on processing and storage provided by cloud-based servers.

thin client

The most popular battery type used in today's electronic devices is __________.

lithium ion

Which of the following tools would be found in 3D graphics software?

rendering tools ray tracing tools surface texture tools

The primary purpose of ________ software is to help the computer system monitor itself in order to function efficiently.

system

Twitter messages, called _________, carry a limit of 140 characters.

tweets

The ability to switch between programs makes computers multipurpose devices.

True

The core of a computer program is a sequence of instructions.

True

The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.

True

In a database, a(n) _________ holds data for a single entity.

record

MIDI files are less compact than digital audio files.

False

Memory cards are typically volatile.

False

Programmers insert documentation called facts into the program code.

False

Relational databases store unstructured data.

False

SQL is banned from the NoSQL technology collection.

False

SQL statements contain command words but do not contain data.

False

System software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task

False

TIFF, PNG, and GIF graphics formats offer lossy compression

False

Ted Nelson developed the specifications for URLs, HTML, and HTTP

False

The Head section of an HTML document contains text and links to images.

False

The binary number system has only two digits: 1 and 2

False

The entire Internet contains about a zettabyte of data.

False

The operating systems for smartphones are radically different to those used for tablet computers.

False

The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.

False

The organization that supervises Internet addressing is ARPANET.

False

________ is utility software designed to measure responsiveness of an Internet connection

Ping

If a hacker intercepts encrypted data by way of a MITM attack, the contents of that data is not always secure.

true

In Wikipedia, it is possible to edit the text of an article in HTML

true

The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.

True

When a peripheral device is connected or disconnected while the host device is operating, it is called hotplugging

True

Which type of problem requires human intuition as the basis for finding a solution.

Unstructured

Once you have installed antivirus software, you don't typically need to keep it running full time in the background

false

Overall, the information provided by blogs tends to be more reliable than information from the mainstream media.

false

Pharming attacks carried out by DNS spoofing can be detected by antivirus software or spyware removal software.

false

Privacy is only important if you have something to hide.

false

Similar to a worm, a trojan is not designed to spread itself to other devices.

false

Spreadsheet software offers database capabilities for establishing relationships between different record types.

false

The Web is synonymous with the Internet.

false

The file name of a specific Web page always appears first in the URL.

false

The labels and values on a spreadsheet worksheet cannot be formatted in similar way as you would format text in a word processing document.

false

The main weakness of OS X is lack of security.

false

The number of teens using Facebook increased 30% in 2014

false

The objective of a MITM attack is for a third party to block communications between two entities

false

The terms outsourcing and offshoring are the same thing

false

The use of several databases is one of ERP's major advantages.

false

Transistors performed functions similar to vacuum tubes, but they were larger and more power hungry.

false

The AtanasoffBerry Computer was the first computing device to use transistors instead of vacuum tubes as processing circuitry.

false

Two-way radio technology went portable during World War I.

false

Using just HTML and CSS, Web designers can create dynamic Web pages.

false

Viruses spread themselves from one device to another.

false

Web crawlers gather material from the invisible Web.

false

During the ____________ phase, new hardware is purchased, installed, and tested to ensure that it operates correctly.

implementation

Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.

instantiation

In SQL terminology, creating a relationship between tables is referred to as _______ tables.

joining

Once loaded into RAM, the __________ provides essential operating system services, such as memory management and file access.

kernel

The goal of the planning phase for an information system project is to create a(n) ____________.

project development plan

Guglielmo Marconi is credited as the person who invented the ___________, a device that sends and receives sound as electromagnetic waves.

radio

Video compression can be expressed as a compression ______.

ratio

Wireless connections use licensed frequencies that are available for public use.

false

Some projects fail because of constant, unmanaged demand for changes, often referred to as ________.

feature creep

Head-mounted digital devices designed to look like eyeglasses are called __________.

smartglasses

A(n) ____________ is special high-speed memory that allows a microprocessor to access data more rapidly than from memory located elsewhere on the system board.

CPU cache, cache

Software for Macs is usually stored in a single executable file with an __________ extension.

.app or app

The first telephone was invented and patented by Alexander Graham Bell in ________.

1876

What generation of cell phone technology was the first to offer true mobile broadband?

Wireless connections use unlicensed frequencies that are available for public use, including 2.4 GHz and _____ GHz. which is subject to less interference from other devices, but it has a more limited range.

5, five

As with other popular mobile operating systems, Android is designed for _______ processors.

ARM

________ is the term for transmission capacity of a communication channel

Bandwidth

The term __________ refers to huge collections of data that are difficult to process, analyze, and manage using conventional database tools.

Big data

Which of the following would be considered essential software for both laptop computers and a tablet computer

Browser

__________ are the most commonly used database clients.

Browsers

Two of the most common open source and free software licenses are ___________.

BSD and GPL

________ is the number of bits that are processed during a specific unit of time, usually during one second.

Bit rate

Which of the following would NOT be considered an essential element of a browser?

Bookmark toolbar

__________ is the obligation not to disclose willingly any information that should be kept private.

Confidentiality

The ________ paradigm is most efficient for processing words and languages.

Declarative

___________ programming is an approach to software development in which programmers anticipate what might go wrong as their programs run, and take steps to smoothly handle those situations.

Defensive or secure

The acronym ____________ refers to software that manages data stored in a database.

DBMS

________ is a wired network technology that is defined by IEEE 802.3 standards.

Ethernet

Commonly held expectations of privacy include which of the following?

Freedom from intrusive surveillance. The expectation that individuals can control their own personally identifiable information

Which of the following is a VoIP service?

FaceTime Snapchat Google Talk

Which of the following is NOT used to create or edit HTML documents?

Filezilla FTP client

_____ is the current HTML specifications.

HTML5

Which of the following is NOT drawback of using cloud storage?

High price of storage.

________ is a 64bit number that uniquely identifies a cellular device.

IMSI

Data becomes _______ when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use.

Information

________ compression stores only the pixels that change color from one frame to the next.

Interframe

_______ compression can be applied to each frame of a video

Intraframe

Which of the following job descriptions best matches that of a systems analyst?

Investigates the requirements of a business or an organization, its employees, and its customers in order to plan and implement new or improved computer services.

_________-density data refers to large volumes of very detailed data in which many of the details are not important.

Low

Which of the following is not considered to be type of database client?

Local software Browsers Apps

DHCP assigns an IP address to a device and links it to the device's _______ address.

MAC

A ______ address is used to uniquely identify devices on LANs

MAC, media access control

______ specifies a standard way to store music data for synthesizers and computers.

MIDI

A(n) ______________ rating of 150,000 hours means that, on average, a device could function for 150,000 hours before failing.

MTBF

Which of the following sequence of events best describes an online intrusion?

Malware enters the device, then opens a backdoor, leading to an open communications link on the device that a hacker can exploit.

________ determine organizational goals and plan how to achieve those goals.

Managers

Which type of network topology allows for redundant paths between devices that can be used to bypass failed devices?

Mesh

_________ tags make it possible to search for photos or videos using keywords

Metadata

Transmitting data in a telegraph system used the _______ alphabet, a binary encoding system based on dots and dashes.

Morse code

__________ specify how shared files can be used.

Permissions

What provides a visual model for classifying and comparing various social media services

Social media honeycomb

Which of the following is NOT a type of location service?

Sociogram

Which of the following is not a filenaming convention?

Spaces are not allowed

In a(n) __________ database, data for a query is fetched from one or more shards of a distributed database, and then it is processed by the DBMS to produce the query result.

Relational

_________ is a temporary holding area for data and programs.

RAM

A(n) _________ is a false identity used for purposes of deception

Sockpuppet

______________ is copyrighted software marketed under a trybeforeyoubuy policy

Shareware

A(n) ___________ is a specialized facility designed to hold and protect computer systems and data.

data center

A hard disk drive is an example of magnetic storage

True

A multicore processor that executes more than one instruction at a time is referred to as a parallel processor.

True

A solid state drive can be used as a substitute for a hard disk drive.

True

3D graphics can be animated

True

A bitmap graphic is composed of a grid of tiny rectangular cells.

True

RAM is volatile

True

Along with a profile image, which of the following would also be included in a user profile?

Tagline

_____ was the first commercially successful computer.

UNIVAC

A ________ device transmits data as radio waves and is compatible with Ethernet, so you can use the two technologies in a single network

WiFi

A basic social media profile generally includes which of the following?

a user name

Digital devices such as NOOK and the Kindle, that are designed for displaying the content of digital publications, such as books, magazines, and newspapers are referred to as __________.

ebook readers

Crowdsourcing is based on contributions from groups of individuals, but it differs from collaborative work

true

In a spreadsheet worksheet, a(n) ___________ works behind the scenes to tell the microprocessor how to use the contents of cells in calculations.

formula

A file name extension indicates the _______.

file format

An operating system uses a(n) ___________ to keep track of the names and locations of files that reside on a storage medium, such as a hard disk.

file system

A spam __________ uses a set of rules to examine email messages and determine which are spam.

filter

A(n) __________ file consists of a single, twodimensional table of data elements.

flat

Most computer historians agree that computers have evolved through _______ distinct generations.

four

Operating systems provide file organization tools called ___________.

file management utilities

During the ____________ phase of the SDLC, the project team supervises the tasks necessary to construct the new information system.

implementation

Each fact in a Prolog program is similar to a record in a database, but you can query a Prolog program's database by asking a question, called a(n) _______ in Prolog jargon.

goal

A graphics card contains a(n)__________ and special video memory, which stores screen images as they are processed but before they are displayed.

graphics processing unit , GPU

A ________ networks allow visitors to access the Internet through a LAN, but doesn't allow them to access other resources and data on the network.

guest

Passwords used as encryption ________ help to make hijacked data unusable.

keys

The SQL query language provides a collection of special command words called SQL ______________.

keywords

The structure of files and folders displayed by File Explorer is called a ________ storage model because it helps you create a mental picture of the way files are organized in a hierarchy of folders.

logical

Any device in a network is called a(n) __________.

node

A(n) ____________ administrator plans, installs, and maintains one or more local area networks and may also manage cloud resources.

network

SQL ____________ are detailed specifications for a command.

parameters

In the context of digital devices, the term __________ refers to any component that is required to perform work.

resource

The ALU uses __________ to hold data that is being processed

registers

Although many content communities allow open access to media, most require _________ before files can be uploaded.

registration

In the context of database security, user ______ management allows access to data on an asneeded basis.

rights, permissions

Any code that is designed to hide the existence of processes and privileges is referred to as a(n) _______.

rootkit

In the context of a Prolog program, a(n) __________ is a general statement about the relationship between facts.

rule

Social media services such as Facebook emphasize _______ over the other six factors found in social media honeycombs.

relationships

Dropbox is an example of a file hosting service.

true

HTML tags are instructions for a browser.

true

Hackers can use ports to communicate with devices in botnets

true

A typical _________ window displays a work area, called a workspace, that represents a blank piece of paper.

word processor or word processing

A virus __________ usually arrives as an email message that contains warnings about a supposedly new virus.

hoax

_______ applications provide optimal information when they encompass customer support, marketing, and sales.

CRM

Digital audio is stored in a variety of file formats, including ___________.

WMA WAV MP3

Most graphics software uses a process called pixel _________ to create new pixels by averaging the colors of nearby pixels

interpolation

If you are traveling and expect to access files on a computer that you've left at home, make sure the remote access utilities is turned off.

false

If you want to change your default browser, you need to delete the browsers that you no longer want to use.

false

If you want to run thirdparty apps on your Android device, you need to jailbreak it.

false

In DFD terminology, a data store is a process that changes data by performing a calculation, updating information, or sorting a list.

false

In a casesensitive database, uppercase letters are equivalent to their lowercase counterparts.

false

In addition to replicating itself, a virus selfdistributing.

false

In today's Web, most Web pages have bidirectional links.

false

Information engineering methodology treats an information system as a collection of objects that interact to accomplish tasks.

false

Information systems can provide some or all of the data needed for strategic, tactical, but not operational planning.

false

It is not possible to delete the contents of your browser cache.

false

It is not possible to encrypt a Windows hard drive volume

false

It is not possible to extract analytical data from operational databases.

false

Microsoft Windows is used exclusively on desktop systems.

false

Microsoft uses a service called Safe Browsing to alert users about sites to avoid.

false

Most ISPs and email services do not use filtering techniques to block spam

false

Most Internet connections are symmetrical.

false

Most Web apps require installation on your local computer or handheld device.

false

Most handheld devices can use either Web apps or mobile apps but not both.

false

Most wireless LANs use licensed frequencies that require applying to the FCC for permission

false

Network discovery works in the exact same way on all devices

false

On mobile devices, VoIP uses the voice stream, not the data stream

false

Once you've released data to an information system, you still have have control of its distribution or its security.

false

Partitions are created, modified, and deleted using Filezilla on Macs and Disk Partitioner on PCs.

false

Purchasing software is the same as buying tangible goods, meaning software can be used, altered, loaned to friends, resold, or given away.

false

SQL keywords must be entered in all uppercase letters because they are casesensitive.

false

Search engines do not allow users to view or change their search history information.

false

Session cookies are stored on a disk or other permanent storage medium.

false

System documentation contains stepbystep instructions for performing specific tasks.

false

The acronym ERP stands for enterprise relationship payment

false

The dotcom bubble occurred between the years 2008 and 2010.

false

The term product life cycle is frequently used to describe patterns in the way consumers adopt technology products.

false

There is a universal standard for categorizing software and various categorization schemes have few similarities

false

Webmail is configured so that incoming messages are stored in an Inbox on your local storage device.

false

When connecting to the Internet, most Internet users connect to a Tier 1 network.

false

When you create a work, you must apply for protection of that work by copyright and only then do you have exclusive rights to its distribution, modification, and sale.

false

While users can view content, they cannot post any content on YouTube.

false

With wired connections, such as Ethernet, the rated speed and range are usually quite different to actual performance.

false

Within a single program, multiprocessing allows multiple commands, or threads, to run simultaneously

false

Your online reputation is how you see yourself, but your online identity is how others see you.

false

Your search history is the same as your browser history.

false

Most massmailing databases are legitimately compiled from customer lists.

false

The CANSPAM Act is considered an effective means of controlling the volume of spam on the Internet.

false

Database software stores data as a series of records, which are composed of _________ that hold data.

fields

A primary key is a ____________ that contains data unique to a record.

field

In a database, a(n) __________ contains the smallest unit of meaningful information

field

To monitor activity throughout the day, you can wear a __________. These devices, worn on the wrist or clipped to a pocket, monitor your steps and heart rate.

fitness tracker

A(n) ______ is a set of letters that share a unified design

font

In the computer industry, the term _________ refers to the size and dimensions of a device or components

form factor

In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which more closely= resembled human languages.

fourth

The number of frames that are displayed per second is measured in _______.

fps

In digital video, each bitmap image is referred to as a(n) __________.

frame

A(n) _________ informs potential lenders that they must verify the identity of anyone attempting to open an account in your name.

fraud alert

In spreadsheet software, a(n) ___________ is a builtin preset formula.

function

Expert systems are designed to deal with data that is imprecise or with problems that have more than one solution using a technique called __________.

fuzzy logic

The concept of _________ allows for the limited use of copyrighted material without obtaining permission from the copyright holder.

fair use

Which type of cables are used for high-capacity trunk lines that provide main routes for telephone, cable, and Internet communications?

fiberoptic cables

A(n) ____________ is a template that adds the correct formatting as data is entered. If someone attempts to enter data in the wrong format, the database can be set up to reject that entry or correct it.

field format

A(n) _____________ is a specification that the database designer sets up to filter data entered into a particular field.

field validation rule

When saving a file, you must provide a valid file name that adheres to specific rules, referred to as _______________.

filenaming conventions

A(n) __________ is a device or software that is designed to block unauthorized access while allowing authorized communications.

firewall

A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.

flowchart

A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.

function

Payment processing is based on an online payment __________ that authorizes credit and debit cards, PayPal, and Apple Pay transactions.

gateway

Social media are categorized into four groups: social networking, ___________ networking, content communities, and online communications.

geosocial

In economics, _________ are things that can be used or consumed, whereas _________ are intangible actions performed for a consumer.

goods, services

The success of an underwater telegraph cable depended on the discovery of __________, a rubber-like substance.

gutta-percha

Two devices on a network negotiate their communication protocols through a process called ___________.

handshaking

A(n) ______ value is a unique number derived from encoding one or more data sets, such as names, serial numbers, and validation codes.

hash

Many organizations establish a(n) ____________staffed by technical support specialists who are familiar with the information system's software.

help desk

Image editors provide an image __________ that can be used to adjust the brightness values for various ranges of dark, midrange, or light pixels

histogram

The browser ________ page is the first page displayed when the browser starts.

home

A WiFi ______ is a wireless local area network that provides Internet access to the public

hotspot

A USB _____ is an inexpensive device that turns one USB port into multiple ports

hub

Web pages are connected by __________ links

hypertext

Antivirus software can use techniques called__________ to detect malware by analyzing the characteristics and behavior of suspicious files.

heuristic analysis

What is the term that is used to describe a computer system that could store literary documents, link them according to logical relationships, and allow readers to comment and annotate what they read?

hypertext

The iOS operating system is found on which device?

iPhone

A database ____________ contains a list of keys, and each key provides a pointer to the record that contains the rest of the fields related to that key.

index

Which of the following is data that would NOT be found in a cookie?

information it reads from your hard drive

A(n) ____________ system collects, stores, and processes data to provide useful, accurate, and timely information, typically within the context of an organization.

information

Exploits that use malicious SQL statements to gain unauthorized access to a database are called SQL _____________.

injection

A(n) ____________ printer has a nozzle-like print head that sprays ink onto paper to form characters and graphics.

ink jet, inkjet, inkjet

When a program begins, the memory address of the first instruction is placed in a part of the microprocessor's control unit called a(n) __________.

instruction pointer

Microprocessors are hardwired to perform a limited, preprogrammed set of activities called a(n) ___________.

instruction set

There are four categories of _____________: patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets

intellectual property

1996 was the year that cable _______ service made its debut.

internet

As an alternative to a compiler, a(n) ________ converts and executes one statement at a time while the program is running.

interpreter

A(n) _________ SDLC can be used to create and implement a small subset of a system and then enhance it through a series of upgrades.

iterative

Which of the following is an example of an operating system that is used by smartphones?

iOS Android Windows RT

Social media services such as LinkedIn emphasize _______ over the other six factors found in social media honeycombs.

identity

On an iOS device, when you make unauthorized changes to the device's software, this is called a(n) ____________ .

jailbreak

A widely accepted technique called __________ application design is based on the idea that the best information systems are designed when end users and systems analysts work together on a project as equal partners.

joint

In a programming language, a(n) ______, or command, is a word with a predefined meaning

keyword

The process of designing, entering, and testing the rules in an expert system is referred to as __________.

knowledge engineering

The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.

known information

On a network, _______ is the elapsed time for data to make a round-trip from point A to point B and back to point A.

latency

Sometimes an application requests memory but never releases it, a condition called a memory ______.

leak

When 4:3 videos are displayed in a widescreen player, they are bordered by the black bars of a(n) _______.

letterbox

A software ________ is a legal contract that defines the ways in which a computer program may be used

license

Which of the following options are well suited for using vector graphics?

line art logos diagrams

Programs such as Dreamweaver and KompoZer are examples of ______ HTML editors.

local

A password manager can store passwords in an encrypted file located at which of the following storage locations?

local storage cloud storage USB storage

Customer __________ programs such as Zappos VIP help attract and retain customers.

loyalty

Dark data centers are an extension of ___________, which allows system administrators to monitor and manage servers using remote control software.

lights-out management

What is the term used for when a link leads to a Web page that no longer exists

link rot

Like a ___________ language, an assembly language is classified as a low-level language because it is machine specific—each assembly language command corresponds on a onetoone basis to a machine language instruction

machine

A large, closet-sized computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users is most likely a __________ computer.

mainframe

The ____________ phase of the SDLC involves the day-to-day operation of the system, making modifications to improve performance, and correcting problems.

maintenance

A method is activated by a(n) _________, which is included as a line of program code.

message

A set of commands called HTTP ________ help your browser communicate with Web servers

methods

Encapsulation refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their ___________.

methods

A class is defined by attributes and ________.

methods

A(n) ___________ is a segment of code that defines an action.

method

A qualityofservice ____________ is a technique used for measuring a specific QoS characteristic.

metric

Modern refrigerators, washing machines, and other appliances are controlled by integrated circuits called ____________ that combine sensors with processing circuitry

microcontrollers

In a processor, the timing device that sets the pace for executing instructions is called the ___________.

microprocessor clock

A(n) ____________ is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions

microprocessor

Data _________ refers to computer algorithms that analyze information to discover previously unknown and useful information, including relationships and patterns.

mining

Every organization has a goal or plan that's referred to as its ___________.

mission

The underlying structure of a database is referred to as a database _________.

model

In the context of office suites, the term ___________ refers to a component, such as a word processing program.

module

Which of the following is an advantage of wired connection

more secure more dependable faster speeds

A microprocessor that contains circuitry for more than one processing unit is called a ________ processor.

multicore, multicore, multi core

A key element of __________ databases is their ability to support OLAP queries that make it possible to combine data, drill down to specifics, or slice and dice the data to view it from different perspectives.

multidimensional

A(n) ___________ operating system provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously.

multitasking

Regarding OO programming, which of the following terms best matches with the term "method"?

main()

Common classifications of _________ include viruses, worms, and trojans.

malware

Desktop and laptop computers require an operating system with a file __________ system that allows users to view and manipulate data files

management

A(n) _________ is a keyword that describes information, such as the content of a media element.

metadata tag

A ___________ app is designed for a handheld device, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, or enhanced media player.

mobile

An operating system's ____________ capability supports a division of labor among all the processing units.

multiprocessing

A network utility called ______________ produces a detailed list of open ports on a device.

netstat

The circles in a sociogram are referred to as sociogram ______.

nodes

A process called ____________ helps database designers create a database structure that minimizes storage space and increases processing efficiency.

normalization

The goal of ______________ is to minimize data redundancy.

normalization

Which of the following can be used to block unauthorized access while allowing authorized communications on a device or network?

network router personal firewall hardware that uses a NAT

Many employment contracts contain a(n) ______________ designed to prevent employees from divulging proprietary information to competitors or opening competing businesses.

non-compete clause

___________ is a term for a person who devises and carries out a scam in order to accomplish a goal.

none of the above

A record that contains data is referred to as a record ________.

occurrence

A(n) _____________ is a collection of programs that typically include word processing, spreadsheet, presentation, and database modules.

office suite

___________ reduces the cost of goods and services by using workers and manufacturing facilities in countries with inexpensive labor.

offshoring

Many touchscreens have an _________ coating designed to repel the oils deposited by fingertips

oleophobic

A person's presence on a social media service is referred to as a(n) _________.

online identity persona avatar

The _________ for an instruction specifies the data, or the address of the data, for the operation.

operand

A search __________ is a word or symbol used to narrow or broaden your search.

operator

A(n) ____ code, is a command word for an operation such as add, compare, or jump.

The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that interact with each other.

object-oriented

Most modern transaction processing systems use ________ processing—a realtime method in which each transaction is processed as it is entered.

online

A(n) ________________ takes place when an unauthorized person gains access to a digital device by using an Internet connection and exploiting vulnerabilities in hardware or software.

online intrusion

Which of the following is a common use of serverside scripting

online shopping

A(n) _________ database is used to collect, modify, and maintain data on a daily basis

operational

Parcels of data that are sent over a network are called ________.

packets

A Web __________ is based on an HTML source document that is stored as a file on a Web server.

page

The phrase programming _____________ refers to a way of conceptualizing and structuring the tasks a computer performs.

paradigm

Keywords can be combined with specific ____________, which provide more detailed instructions for the computer to carry out.

parameters

A disk __________ is a section of a hard disk drive that is treated as a separate storage unit.

partition

The core function of a password manager is to store user IDs with their corresponding ________.

passwords

A clipping ______ essentially cuts an object out of an image and knocks out the background to make it transparent.

path

A computer file's location is defined by a file ______.

path

The action carried out by malware code is referred to as a(n) _______.

payload

Keyboards and printers are two examples of _________ devices.

peripheral

The term __________ device is used for devices such as printers, display devices, storage devices, mice, and headsets that are connected to the system unit of a computer.

peripheral

On a network, file sharing allows users to open, view, edit, copy, and delete files from a remote device, providing that they have the proper ___________ .

permissions

Cookies that are stored on a device after a session ends are referred to as ________ cookies.

persistent

Originally called microcomputers, _________ are designed to meet the computing needs of individuals.

personal computers

Computer systems such as the Mark8 and the MITS Altair are examples of early ______ computers

personal

Speech recognition software analyzes the sounds of your voice and converts each word into groups of ________.

phonemes, phoneme

In a digital camera, a CCD's ________ correspond to pixels.

photosites, photosite

A(n) ____________ storage model describes what actually happens on the disks and in the circuits.

physical

Illegal copies of software are referred to as _______ software.

pirated

Bitmap graphics are coded as a series of bits. Each bit represents the color of one ________.

pixel

An undesirable jagged appearance of a graphics image is referred to as _______.

pixelation

Bitmap images are formed by a grid of _____.

pixels

A(n) ________ is a program that extends a browser's ability to work with file formats.

plugin

The ability to redefine a method in a subclass is referred to as ___________.

polymorphism

Link _________ is a measure of the quality and quantity of the links from one Web page to others.

popularity

A communication ______ is a virtual end point for data entering and leaving a digital device

port

Popular ___________ software products include Microsoft PowerPoint, iWork Keynote, LibreOffice Impress, and Google Docs Slides.

presentation

The downside of the _____________ paradigm is that it does not fit gracefully with certain types of problems— those that are unstructured or those with very complex algorithms.

procedural

Activities called ___________ involve the microprocessor receiving commands as software carries out tasks and while input arrives from the keyboard, mouse, and other devices

processes

A computer _________ is any person whose primary occupation involves the design, configuration, analysis, development, modification, testing, or security of computer hardware or software.

professional

A social media _________ is the set of information someone provides to friends, contacts, and the public.

profile

Most social media sites provide a generic ________ image for users who do not upload a personal photo.

profile

Instructions that tell a computer how to carry out processing tasks are referred to as a computer _______.

program, application

A computer ________ designs, codes, and tests computer programs. In addition, they may modify existing programs to meet new requirements or eliminate bugs.

programmer

A computer _____________ is a set of stepbystep instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task.

program

In the context of networks, a communication __________ refers to a set of rules for efficiently transmitting data from one network node to another.

protocol

Which of the following is not one of the main activities associated with operational databases?

providing an executive dashboard for decision makers

When a router connects to and communicates over the Internet, it has a ________ IP address that is routable over the Internet.

public

A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________ can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.

public attribute, private attribute

Which of the following is not an example of an authentication protocol?

password PINs fingerprint scanner

If you feel more secure with a totally random and unique password for each of your logins, then a(n) _______________ is an excellent option.

password manager

Which of the following is not a core CRM system?

payment gateway

If your device will not display a PDF in your browser, you may need to install a browser ________ .

plugin

A(n) __________ pings a packet of data to a port in order to see if that port is open or not

port scan

In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .

predicate, arguments

In a problem statement, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.

predictive

A(n) _______________ is a field that contains data unique to a record.

primary key

In the words of Justice Brandeis, what is the "right to be let alone?"

privacy

From the perspective of a business that creates and sells a technology product, the ____________maps the expected profitability of a product from its inception to its demise.

product life cycle

In addition to sales, CRM, and SCM, ERP modules support business activities such as _____________.

product planning manufacturing and purchasing inventory control and distribution

In the context of economics, ___________ is a measurement of the amount of output that is produced per unit of input.

productivity

A search engine's_________ processor looks for your search terms in the search engine's indexed database and returns a list of relevant Web sites.

query

Computer programming languages designed for databases are called _________ languages because one of their main capabilities is to request data from a database

query

A vector graphic can be converted into a bitmap graphic through a process called _________.

rasterizing, rasterization

Which of the following is the technique for adding light and shadows to a 3D image?

ray tracing

Database software stores data as a series of ____________, which are composed of fields that hold data

records

In a database, a(n) ____________ refers to a collection of data fields.

record

A(n) _____________ contains parts of the operating system necessary to boot your computer and diagnose system problems after a hard drive failure or software malfunction.

recovery drive, system repair disc

In a(n) _________ database, a table is a sequence of records, similar to a flat file.

relational

The process of covering a wireframe with surface color and texture is called _________.

rendering, render

A(n) ____________ control structure directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.

repetition

Data __________ refers to the form in which data is stored, processed, and transmitted

representation

In the context of social media, an online _________ is the impression that is generated by an online persona.

reputation

Proposed changes to application specifications should be managed within a formal process that includes written change _______.

requests

System _________ are the criteria for successfully solving problems identified in an information system.

requirements

System ___________ specify the operating system and minimum hardware capacities necessary for a software product to work correctly.

requirements

The dimensions of the grid that forms a bitmap graphic are referred to as image __________.

resolution

The number of horizontal and vertical pixels that a device displays on the screen is referred to as screen ________.

resolution

Unauthorized modifications to any mobile device to overcome limitations imposed by mobile service providers is called _______.

rooting

With just facts and goals, Prolog would be nothing more than a database, but the addition of _________ gives programmers a set of tools to manipulate the facts.

rules

A(n) ________________ is a software tool for specifying the content and format for a database report.

report generator

Which of the following feature is unique to OS X?

resource fork

A ______________ exploit usually begins with a virus warning and an offer to disinfect the infected device.

rogue antivirus

The main directory on a storage device is referred to as the ________ directory

root

Which of the following is an example of a DCE?

router modem hub

To digitally record sound, __________ of a sound wave are collected at periodic intervals and stored as numeric data in an audio file

samples, sample, sampling

One method of heuristic analysis allows the suspicious file to run in a guarded environment called a(n) ___________ .

sandbox

Relational databases are organized according to a(n) _________, which is simply the blueprint for its structure.

schema

Search engines usually work with keyword queries where the user enters one or more words, called __________.

search terms

Highlevel programming languages were available for use on ________generation computers

second

With the proliferation of computer viruses and worms, computer __________ has become a hot niche for IT workers.

security

In an information system, problems can be classified into three types: structured, ________, and unstructured.

semi-structured

An integrated circuit is a set of microscopic electronic circuits etched onto a thin slice of ___________ material such as silicon

semiconducting, semiconductor

During ___________ execution, the first instruction in the program is executed first, then the second instruction, and so on, to the last instruction in the program.

sequential

Processors that execute one instruction at a time are considered to be ________ processors

serial

A computer that is primarily used to serve data to other computers on a network is called a(n) ______________.

server

________side scripts run on Web servers rather than on your local device.

server

An HTTP ________ is a sequence of transactions between a Web server and a broswer.

session

The process of dividing a database into distributed subsets is called ________.

sharding

An expert system __________ is a software tool containing an inference engine and a user interface that developers use to enter facts and rules for a knowledge base.

shell

To delete data from a disk in such a way that no one can ever read it, you can use special file ________ software that overwrites supposedly empty sectors with random 1s and 0s.

shredder

Unicode uses________ bits and provides codes for 65,000 characters.

sixteen

The __________ form factor features a touchscreen that covers most of the device's surface

slate, tablet

Which type of device is the top target for ransomware?

smartphones

Sociologists use social network diagrams called _________ to depict connections between people.

sociograms

Most economists regard goods and services as a continuum, with intangible goods, such as __________, in the middle of the continuum.

software

In a general sense, ____________ refers to all the nonhardware components of a digital device

software

The collection of programs on a computer is referred to as _______________.

software

A __________ document contains the text for a Web page interspersed with coding for how to display text and any additional visual or auditory elements

source

An HTML document is sometimes referred to as a _______ document

source

_________ is defined as unsolicited messages that are usually sent in massive numbers using electronic mail systems.

spam

_________ enables people to control software with spoken commands, as well as dictate text into a word processing document.

speech recognition

Unauthorized changes to the DNS are called DNS ________.

spoofing

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a computer worm?

spread through a process called sideloading

Within the agile development framework, the process of developing each iteration of a program is called a(n) _________.

sprint

Any software that secretly gathers personal information without the victim's knowledge is classified as __________.

spyware

Networks use more than one protocol, and the collection of protocols for a network is referred to as a protocol ________.

stack

HTTP is considered to be a(n) ___________ protocol.

stateless

Because HTTP is a _________ protocol, each time you connect to a different Web page at the site, the server regards it as a new visit.

stateless

In the context of programming, a problem ____________ defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal.

statement

VDEs for mobile devices are based on a(n) ___________ that a programmer manipulates to design the user interface for an app.

storyboard

One type of decision support system, called an executive information system, is designed to provide senior managers with information relevant to ___________ management activities such as setting policies, planning, and preparing budgets.

strategic

The emphasis on longrange and future goals is referred to as _________ planning.

strategic

A(n) _______ password is difficult to hack.

strong

A(n) ___________ file uses a uniform format to store data for each person or thing in the file.

structured

The term database ___________ refers to the arrangement of fields, tables, and relationships in a database.

structure

A(n) __________ is any class from which attributes can be inherited.

superclass

At its time of construction, one of the fastest computers in the world is referred to as a(n) _________________.

supercomputer

When communication is ______________, interchanges happen in real time while all parties are online

synchronous

The set of rules that specify the sequence of keywords, parameters, and punctuation in a program instruction is referred to as _______.

syntax

Computers run three main types of software: application software, development tools, and _______ software.

system

The electronic components of most digital devices are mounted on a circuit board called a ______________.

system board motherboard main board

The ________ houses all essential chips and provides connecting circuitry between them

system board, motherboard, main board

A __________ solution for data storage adds resources to a single device, while a __________ solution adds more devices to a system.

scale up, scale out

A(n) ___________ is a program designed to help people locate information on the Web by formulating simple queries.

search engine

Which of the following is the technique for improving the ranking and visibility of a Web site?

search engine optimization

A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.

selection control structure

A(n) _____________ changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.

sequence control structure

A DBMS feature known as __________ ensures that transactions are updated in an orderly manner by establishing update rules.

serializability

Software for PCs contains a _________ program that guides you through the installation process.

setup

ASCII requires __________ bits for each character

seven

A virus __________ is a section of program code that contains a unique series of instructions known to be part of a malware exploit.

signature

A(n) _________ sort uses one field, to arrange records. A(n) _________ sort arranges information by more than one field.

single-level, multi-level

A ____________ is generally priced at a flat rate and allows software to be used on all computers at a specific

site license

A(n) __________ is the column of data in a database that is used as the basis for rearranging the data.

sort key

Participants in open _________ community projects get experience and make connections with other professionals that can be valuable resources during a job hunt.

source

The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called __________.

source code

The telecommunications technique used by local email is sometimes referred to as __________.

store-and-forward

A(n) ___________ is the sequence of organizations, people, activities, information, and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

supply chain

Instant messaging is a ______________, real-time technology for two or more people to type messages back and forth while online.

synchronous private

After unit and integration testing are completed, _________ testing ensures that all hardware and software components work together.

system

The term ________ refers to the part of a digital device that holds the system board.

system unit

There are three core elements in a relational database: fields, ________, and relationships.

tables

Which of the following is based on computer technology?

tablets ebook readers game consoles

Browser________ allow your browser to queue up multiple Web pages so that you can easily switch between them.

tabs

Authors mark up HTML documents by inserting special instructions called HTML ______.

Computer Concepts

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