Computer networks (communication over the internet) WGU

The file name may end with a three- or four-letter designation that signifies the file type. For example:

.htm or .html .jpg or .gif .pdf

The _________ is a server that has a table that contains Host IP addresses and aliases.

DNS

it is a seriver with a table that contains IP addresses and aliases

DNS

the dns sends requests to other DNS servers when it cannot locate an _________ alias

IP

Part of the TCP/IP protocol includes addressing rules. An____ ___________ consists of four numbers, where each number is between 0 and 255.

IP address

a series of numbers that indicate a specific location

IP addresses

www.google.com is an example of a(n)

IP alias

With ___________ _________ ___________ (ISPs), computers in people's homes and organizations are connected to the Internet making the Internet a network of networks. So you might think of the Internet as an extension to the LAN of your home computer and your organization's computer network.

Internet Service Providers

A(n) _____________ is a network that requires a router in order to communicate with the internet.

LAN

Computer networks have existed for decades. In the past, most computer networks were local-area networks (LAN), and they were isolated—you could communicate within the network, but not outside of the network. The Internet changed all of this. To communicate over the Internet, a host needs to run the ___________ protocol.

TCP/IP

____________ is the most commonly used network protocol, and it is a requirement b all computers that communicate over the internet.

TCP/IP

an ordering of packets is done by

a higher-level TCP protocol

order of steps taken to transmit a message 4

all packets of the same message are combined together as they arrive

it translates internet aliases to ip addresses

dns

The __________ ________ identifies the server on which the web page can be found.

domain name

In order to translate from an alias to the actual IP address, you need access to a __________ ________ _________ (DNS).

domain name server

Since IP addresses are difficult to remember, we often reference machines by an IP alias; an English-like name (for instance, www.google.com). In order to translate from an IP alias to an IP address, we use a _________ __________ ___________ (DNS). Because of the limitation now being felt by the 32-bit addresses, IPv6 uses 128 bits for IP addresses.

domain name server

order of steps taken to transmit a message 2

each packet is given the final destination address

The part of the resource ID after the slash (/) is the ________ ________ for the page

file name

IP addresses __________________________ to facilitate communication over the internet.

have English-like name aliases

This part of the URL typically identifies the organization that is responsible for the information on the page or provides the server space where the information is stored.

host name

The domain name can be considered in two parts: the ________________________________________________________________ name.

host name and the top-level domain name

When the content being transferred requires encryption (e.g., during financial transactions), a secure protocol to the server is used ________://

https

The protocol reflects the set of rules by which the resource is transmitted. Web pages use ______________ ____________ _____________ (HTTP), so http is standard. The protocol is followed by a colon (:) and two forward slashes (//). With today's more modern browsers, you can usually leave out the http:// portion when you are typing a URL.

hypertext transfer protocol

the __________ is a computer network. it is a worldwide network but it is still a network. it utilizes the computers and computer resources that we use to communicate with each other, the media connecting these devices together (whether cable, radio, microwave, or satellite-based) and the broadcast devices such as switches and routers. it contins physical entity; it contains parts you can touch and point to.

internet

packet switching is a _____________________________________________________ that is used to send messages over the internet.

method of breaking down communications

The internet is a global network or __________.

networks

order of steps taken to transmit a message 1

original message is divided into packets

The telephone network uses circuit switching; when you dial a number, a pathway is set up between the source phone and the destination phone. The pathway remains fixed and established until one of the phones hangs up. Cell phone networks, carrying voice (but not data), are similar although the circuit can change as you move because you are routed to the nearest available cell phone tower. ___________ __________, on the other hand, breaks the communication down into small packets of data, and each is sent across the network separately. Each packet could potentially take a different pathway to reach the destination. Packet switching was pioneered in the 1960s when the Internet was first being constructed.

packet switching

when communication is broken into smaller pieces of data and sent separately across a network often across different pathways.

packet switching

there are three technologies glueing the networks involved in the internet together.

packet switching, routers and IP addresses

indicates the name of the file you are accessing, or the location of the document on the server.

resource ID

routers ____________________ until they reach a LAN

route messages

A computer connected to an LAN can also communicate over the Internet. The connection a LAN needs in order to communicate with the Internet is a ________.

router

the device that permits packet switching so that a message can be routed to the next link in the network "on the fly." The ________ is a device that receives a message, examines its destination IP address, and sends the message on to the next location in the network, usually another one like this. At the destination network, _________ route messages until they reach a LAN, and finally, the LAN's router or switch sends the message to that one destination machine.

router

the part of a device that reads the final destination of a piece of information and sends it across the correct path to reach it.

routers

a DNS does store an IP address for a particular alias in its local DNS server ________ after receiving it form a higher-level DNS so that it is available for later use

table

Every web page has a unique address. The web pages URL (Uniform Resource Locator) has three main parts:

the protocol, the server name, and the resource ID

The domain name always ends with a period ('.') and a three- or two-letter extension, which signifies the type of organization or country associated with the page.

top-level domain

Information, such as credit card data, is sent over the internet in packets to their destinations, moving from device to device. ______________ is a tool for testing the path a packet takes from a source to its destination.

traceroute

When you want to communicate with someone using a telephone, you dial a number. When you want to drive to a location (friend's home, store, event, etc.) you need an address. Similarly, when wishing to communicate on the Internet, you must first provide a number or address. That number or address is called the URL (____________ __________ __________), and it is governed by rules.

uniform resource locator

order of steps taken to transmit a message 3

when using NAT an IP address is translated from an "external public" address to an "internal private" address

The ________ ________ __________ is a collection of files, linked together by hyperlinks. These files are stored on servers. And these servers are among the various computers connected to the internet.

world wide web