HEAD AND SKULL
DIPLOE
Separated by a layer of spongy bone
LACRIMAL BONE
Smallest bone of the face - Resembles a fingernail in size and shape
VISCEROCRANIUM
facial bones is also called
HARD PALATE
form roof of the mouth formed by palatine process of maxilla & horizontal plate of palatine
SKULL
includes bone of the cranium, face & mandible
BASE OF THE SKULL
it is divided into three cranial fossa
BASE OF THE SKULL
lowest part of the cranium
CALVARIA
only cranial bones
ASTERION
point on the surface of the skull where the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures meet.
DANGER AREA OF THE FACE
triangular area from the root of the nose up to the angle of the mouth
RAMI
two vertical processes that are connected to the body at the mandibular angle
VAULT
upper part of the cranium
FRONTAL, ETHMOID, SPHENOID
what are the 3 cranial bones of orbit
SUTURES, FONTANELS AND PARANASAL SINUSES
what are the 3 unique features of the skull
PALATINE, LACRIMAL, ZYGOMATIC, MAXILLA
what are the 4 facial bones of orbit
CORONAL, SAGITTAL, LAMBDOID, SQUAMOUS SUTURES
what are the 4 prominent sutures
TEMPORAL, ZYGOMATIC, BUCCAL, MANDIBULAR, CERVICAL
what are the 5 branches of facial nerve
PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL
what are the paired parts of cranium
PALATINE, INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE, NASAL, LACRIMAL, ZYGOMATIC, MAXILLAE
what are the paired parts of facial bone
ANTERIOR, MIDDLE, POSTERIOR
what are the three division of the base of the skull
BREGMA AND LAMBDA
what are the two parts of sagittal sutures
CONDYLAR PROCESS AND CORONOID PROCESS
what are the two process of rami
FRONTAL, OCCIPITAL, SPHENOID, ETHMOID
what are the unpaired parts of cranium
VOMER AND MANDIBLE
what are the unpaired parts of facial bone
NASION
what is the surface landmark that is called "root of the nose"
18-24 months
Anterior/frontal fontanel is closes by ____ months
3 months
Anterolateral/Sphenoid fontanel closes by ____ months
INION
"bum of knowledge"
VERTEX
"highest point of the skull"
PTERION
"weakest part of the skull"
PARANASAL SINUS
- Cavities in the cranial & facial bones near the nasal cavity - produces mucus - Serves as a resonating chamber for sound and voice for resonance
SUPERFICIAL FACIAL BONES
- For muscle attachment - Maxillae, Lacrimal, Nasal, Zygomatic, Mandible
CRANIAL BONES
- Forms the braincase or cranium that encloses the cranial cavity - Protects & stabilizes the position of brain, blood & lymphatic vessels, nerves through the membranes - Provides attachment of muscles that moves the head & facial expression
FRONTAL BONE
- Forms the forehead - Roof of the orbit - Most of the anterior cranial floor/fossa
FACIAL BONES
- Forms the framework of the face - Protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tracts
PARIETAL BONE
- Forms the side and roof of cranial cavity - Internal surface has many depressions and protrusions
PALATINE
- L - shape bone - Forms post portion of hard palate (horizontal plate)
NEONATAL SKULL
- Large cranium relative to the skull - Smooth, unilaminar being no diploe present - Mastoid process is absent
AUDITORY OSSICLES
- Located inside the middle ear at the petrous portion of temporal bone - serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth (cochlea)
ETHMOID
- Major supporting structure of nasal cavity - Sponge-like in appearance
HYOID
- Only bone that does not articulate with any other bone - Suspended from the styloid process of temporal bone by ligaments and muscles
SPHENOID
- Resembles a bat with outstretched wing - Located on Middle part of the base of skull - Keystone of cranial floor
DEEP FACIAL BONES
- Separate the oral and nasal cavities and also forms the nasal septum - Palatine, Inferior nasal conchae & vomer
FONTANELLE/FONTANEL
-It is also called "soft spots" - Area of unossified mesenchyme that filled spaces between cranial bones
VOMER, PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF ETHMOID, SEPTAL CARTILAGE
3 components of nasal septum
SCALP
A continuation of the skin of forehead covering the skull
ZYGOMATIC BONE
Aka "Cheek bone" - Forms lateral wall & floor of the orbit - Articulates with frontal, maxillae, sphenoid & temporal bone
MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
Consists of small median part & expanded lateral part
ORBIT (EYE SOCKET)
Contains 7 bones of the skull containing the eyeball & other associated structures
CRANIAL CAVITY
Contains the brain & its surrounding meninges, portions of cranial nerves, arteries, veins & venous sinus
NASAL SEPTUM
Divides nasal cavity into right & left partition
MAXILLAE
Forms floor of orbit, lateral wall & floor of nasal cavity & most of the hard palate
NASAL BONE
Forms part of the bridge of the nose
TEMPORAL BONE
Forms the inferior lateral aspect of cranium & cranial fossa
OCCIPITAL BONE
Forms the posterior & most of the base of the skull
90%
In cranial bones what percent expected to reach at the age of 5
60%
In facial bones what percent expected to reach of ultimate size at age 6
SUTURES
It is the mmovable joint of the skull
ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
Lodges the FRONTAL LOBE
MANDIBLE
Lower jaw , largest, strongest facial bones and only movable bone in the skull
SYMPHYSIS MENTI
Mandible is divided into right & left halves - united by fibrous tissue that fuses at the end of 1st year in the ____
2 months
Posterior/occipital fontanel closes by ____ months
1-2 months and fully complete by 12 months
Posterolateral fontanel - start to close by ____ months & fully complete by ____ months
PERICRANIUM AND ENDOCRANIUM
The skull is made up of external and internal tablet called
VOMER
Triangular bone on the nasal cavity
SENSORY INNERVATION
Trigeminal nerve except at a small area over the angle of the mandible & parotid gland
POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
Very deep & lodges the hindbrain
GLABELLA
above nasion